ASP.NET Core Razor-Komponentenlebenszyklus

@page "/set-params-async/{Param?}"

<PageTitle>Set Parameters Async</PageTitle>

<h1>Set Parameters Async Example</h1>

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message = "Not set";

    [Parameter]
    public string? Param { get; set; }

    public override async Task SetParametersAsync(ParameterView parameters)
    {
        if (parameters.TryGetValue<string>(nameof(Param), out var value))
        {
            if (value is null)
            {
                message = "The value of 'Param' is null.";
            }
            else
            {
                message = $"The value of 'Param' is {value}.";
            }
        }

        await base.SetParametersAsync(parameters);
    }
}

@page "/set-params-async/{Param?}"

<PageTitle>Set Parameters Async</PageTitle>

<h1>Set Parameters Async Example</h1>

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message = "Not set";

    [Parameter]
    public string? Param { get; set; }

    public override async Task SetParametersAsync(ParameterView parameters)
    {
        if (parameters.TryGetValue<string>(nameof(Param), out var value))
        {
            if (value is null)
            {
                message = "The value of 'Param' is null.";
            }
            else
            {
                message = $"The value of 'Param' is {value}.";
            }
        }

        await base.SetParametersAsync(parameters);
    }
}

@page "/set-params-async/{Param?}"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message = "Not set";

    [Parameter]
    public string? Param { get; set; }

    public override async Task SetParametersAsync(ParameterView parameters)
    {
        if (parameters.TryGetValue<string>(nameof(Param), out var value))
        {
            if (value is null)
            {
                message = "The value of 'Param' is null.";
            }
            else
            {
                message = $"The value of 'Param' is {value}.";
            }
        }

        await base.SetParametersAsync(parameters);
    }
}

@page "/set-params-async/{Param?}"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message = "Not set";

    [Parameter]
    public string? Param { get; set; }

    public override async Task SetParametersAsync(ParameterView parameters)
    {
        if (parameters.TryGetValue<string>(nameof(Param), out var value))
        {
            if (value is null)
            {
                message = "The value of 'Param' is null.";
            }
            else
            {
                message = $"The value of 'Param' is {value}.";
            }
        }

        await base.SetParametersAsync(parameters);
    }
}

@page "/set-params-async/{Param?}"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message = "Not set";

    [Parameter]
    public string Param { get; set; }

    public override async Task SetParametersAsync(ParameterView parameters)
    {
        if (parameters.TryGetValue<string>(nameof(Param), out var value))
        {
            if (value is null)
            {
                message = "The value of 'Param' is null.";
            }
            else
            {
                message = $"The value of 'Param' is {value}.";
            }
        }

        await base.SetParametersAsync(parameters);
    }
}

@page "/set-params-async"
@page "/set-params-async/{Param}"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message = "Not set";

    [Parameter]
    public string Param { get; set; }

    public override async Task SetParametersAsync(ParameterView parameters)
    {
        if (parameters.TryGetValue<string>(nameof(Param), out var value))
        {
            if (value is null)
            {
                message = "The value of 'Param' is null.";
            }
            else
            {
                message = $"The value of 'Param' is {value}.";
            }
        }

        await base.SetParametersAsync(parameters);
    }
}

@page "/on-init"

<PageTitle>On Initialized</PageTitle>

<h1>On Initialized Example</h1>

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string? message;

    protected override void OnInitialized() => 
        message = $"Initialized at {DateTime.Now}";
}

@page "/on-init"

<PageTitle>On Initialized</PageTitle>

<h1>On Initialized Example</h1>

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string? message;

    protected override void OnInitialized() => 
        message = $"Initialized at {DateTime.Now}";
}

@page "/on-init"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string? message;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        message = $"Initialized at {DateTime.Now}";
    }
}

@page "/on-init"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string? message;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        message = $"Initialized at {DateTime.Now}";
    }
}

@page "/on-init"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        message = $"Initialized at {DateTime.Now}";
    }
}

@page "/on-init"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        message = $"Initialized at {DateTime.Now}";
    }
}

Informationen zum Verhindern, dass Entwicklercode beim Vorabrendern in OnInitializedAsync zwei Mal ausgeführt wird, finden Sie im Abschnitt Zustandsbehaftete erneute Verbindung nach Vorabrendern. Der Inhalt des Abschnitts konzentriert sich auf Blazor Web App-Web-Apps und die zustandsbehaftete SignalR-Neuverbindung. Informationen zum Beibehalten des Zustands während der Ausführung von Initialisierungscode während des Prerenderings finden Sie unter Prerendering von Razor-Komponenten in ASP.NET Core.

Informationen zum Verhindern, dass Entwicklercode beim Vorabrendern in OnInitializedAsync zwei Mal ausgeführt wird, finden Sie im Abschnitt Zustandsbehaftete erneute Verbindung nach Vorabrendern. Obwohl sich der Inhalt im Abschnitt auf Blazor Server und die zustandsbehaftete SignalR-Verbindungswiederherstellung konzentriert, umfasst das Szenario für Vorabrendern in gehosteten Blazor WebAssembly-Lösungen (WebAssemblyPrerendered) ähnliche Bedingungen und Verfahren, um die doppelte Ausführung von Entwicklercode zu verhindern. Informationen zum Beibehalten des Zustands während der Ausführung von Initialisierungscode während der Vorrenderung finden Sie unter "Integrieren ASP.NET Core-KomponentenRazor".

Verwenden Sie Streamingrendering mit statischem serverseitigem Rendering (SSR) oder Vorabrendering, um die Benutzererfahrung für Komponenten zu verbessern, die asynchrone Aufgaben mit langer Ausführungszeit in OnInitializedAsync ausführen, bis sie vollständig gerendert worden sind. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Rendering von Razor-Komponenten in ASP.NET Core.

@page "/on-params-set"
@page "/on-params-set/{StartDate:datetime}"

<PageTitle>On Parameters Set</PageTitle>

<h1>On Parameters Set Example</h1>

<p>
    Pass a datetime in the URI of the browser's address bar. 
    For example, add <code>/1-1-2024</code> to the address.
</p>

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string? message;

    [Parameter]
    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        if (StartDate == default)
        {
            StartDate = DateTime.Now;

            message = $"No start date in URL. Default value applied " +
                $"(StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
        else
        {
            message = $"The start date in the URL was used " +
                $"(StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
    }
}

@page "/on-params-set"
@page "/on-params-set/{StartDate:datetime}"

<PageTitle>On Parameters Set</PageTitle>

<h1>On Parameters Set Example</h1>

<p>
    Pass a datetime in the URI of the browser's address bar. 
    For example, add <code>/1-1-2024</code> to the address.
</p>

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string? message;

    [Parameter]
    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        if (StartDate == default)
        {
            StartDate = DateTime.Now;

            message = $"No start date in URL. Default value applied " +
                $"(StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
        else
        {
            message = $"The start date in the URL was used " +
                $"(StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
    }
}

@page "/on-params-set"
@page "/on-params-set/{StartDate:datetime}"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string? message;

    [Parameter]
    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        if (StartDate == default)
        {
            StartDate = DateTime.Now;

            message = $"No start date in URL. Default value applied (StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
        else
        {
            message = $"The start date in the URL was used (StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
    }
}

@page "/on-params-set"
@page "/on-params-set/{StartDate:datetime}"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string? message;

    [Parameter]
    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        if (StartDate == default)
        {
            StartDate = DateTime.Now;

            message = $"No start date in URL. Default value applied (StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
        else
        {
            message = $"The start date in the URL was used (StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
    }
}

@page "/on-params-set"
@page "/on-params-set/{StartDate:datetime}"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message;

    [Parameter]
    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        if (StartDate == default)
        {
            StartDate = DateTime.Now;

            message = $"No start date in URL. Default value applied (StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
        else
        {
            message = $"The start date in the URL was used (StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
    }
}

@page "/on-params-set"
@page "/on-params-set/{StartDate:datetime}"

<p>@message</p>

@code {
    private string message;

    [Parameter]
    public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        if (StartDate == default)
        {
            StartDate = DateTime.Now;

            message = $"No start date in URL. Default value applied (StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
        else
        {
            message = $"The start date in the URL was used (StartDate: {StartDate}).";
        }
    }
}

OnAfterRender und OnAfterRenderAsync werden aufgerufen, nachdem eine Komponente interaktiv gerendert und die Benutzeroberfläche aktualisiert wurde (z. B. nach dem Hinzufügen von Elementen zum Browser-DOM). Element- und Komponentenverweise werden an dieser Stelle aufgefüllt. Verwenden Sie diese Stufe, um zusätzliche Initialisierungsschritte mit dem gerenderten Inhalt durchzuführen, z. B. JS-Interop-Aufrufe, die mit den gerenderten DOM-Elementen interagieren. Die synchrone Methode wird vor der asychronen Methode aufgerufen.

Diese Methoden werden während des Vorab- oder statischen serverseitigen Renderings (SSR) auf dem Server nicht aufgerufen, weil diese Prozesse nicht an ein Livebrowser-DOM angefügt und bereits abgeschlossen sind, bevor das DOM aktualisiert wird.

Bei OnAfterRenderAsync wird die Komponente nach Abschluss aller zurückgegebenen Tasks nicht automatisch erneut gerendert, um eine endlose Renderschleife zu vermeiden.

OnAfterRender und OnAfterRenderAsync werden aufgerufen, nachdem eine Komponente das Rendering beendet hat. Element- und Komponentenverweise werden an dieser Stelle aufgefüllt. Verwenden Sie diese Stufe, um zusätzliche Initialisierungsschritte mit dem gerenderten Inhalt durchzuführen, z. B. JS-Interop-Aufrufe, die mit den gerenderten DOM-Elementen interagieren. Die synchrone Methode wird vor der asychronen Methode aufgerufen.

Diese Methoden werden während des Vorabrenderings nicht aufgerufen, da das Vorabrendering nicht an ein Livebrowser-DOM angefügt und bereits abgeschlossen ist, bevor das DOM aktualisiert wird.

Bei OnAfterRenderAsync wird die Komponente nach Abschluss aller zurückgegebenen Tasks nicht automatisch erneut gerendert, um eine endlose Renderschleife zu vermeiden.

@page "/after-render"
@inject ILogger<AfterRender> Logger 

<PageTitle>After Render</PageTitle>

<h1>After Render Example</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="HandleClick">Log information (and trigger a render)</button>
</p>

<p>Study logged messages in the console.</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender) =>
        Logger.LogInformation("firstRender = {FirstRender}", firstRender);

    private void HandleClick() => Logger.LogInformation("HandleClick called");
}

@page "/after-render"
@inject ILogger<AfterRender> Logger 

<PageTitle>After Render</PageTitle>

<h1>After Render Example</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="HandleClick">Log information (and trigger a render)</button>
</p>

<p>Study logged messages in the console.</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender) =>
        Logger.LogInformation("firstRender = {FirstRender}", firstRender);

    private void HandleClick() => Logger.LogInformation("HandleClick called");
}

@page "/after-render"
@inject ILogger<AfterRender> Logger

<PageTitle>After Render</PageTitle>

<h1>After Render Example</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="HandleClick">Log information (and trigger a render)</button>
</p>

<p>Study logged messages in the console.</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("OnAfterRender: firstRender = {FirstRender}", firstRender);
    }

    private void HandleClick()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("HandleClick called");
    }
}

@page "/after-render"
@inject ILogger<AfterRender> Logger 

<PageTitle>After Render</PageTitle>

<h1>After Render Example</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="HandleClick">Log information (and trigger a render)</button>
</p>

<p>Study logged messages in the console.</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("OnAfterRender: firstRender = {FirstRender}", firstRender);
    }

    private void HandleClick()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("HandleClick called");
    }
}

@page "/after-render"
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
@inject ILogger<AfterRender> Logger 

<h1>After Render Example</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="HandleClick">Log information (and trigger a render)</button>
</p>

<p>Study logged messages in the console.</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("OnAfterRender: firstRender = {FirstRender}", firstRender);
    }

    private void HandleClick()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("HandleClick called");
    }
}

@page "/after-render"
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
@inject ILogger<AfterRender> Logger

<h1>After Render Example</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="HandleClick">Log information (and trigger a render)</button>
</p>

<p>Study logged messages in the console.</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("OnAfterRender: firstRender = {FirstRender}", firstRender);
    }

    private void HandleClick()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("HandleClick called");
    }
}

@page "/blazor-rocks-2"
@inherits BlazorRocksBase2
@inject ILogger<BlazorRocks2> Logger

<PageTitle>Blazor Rocks!</PageTitle>

<h1>Blazor Rocks! Example 2</h1>

<p>
    @BlazorRocksText
</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocks2 executed!");

        base.OnInitialized();
    }
}

@page "/blazor-rocks-2"
@inherits BlazorRocksBase2
@inject ILogger<BlazorRocks2> Logger

<PageTitle>Blazor Rocks!</PageTitle>

<h1>Blazor Rocks! Example 2</h1>

<p>
    @BlazorRocksText
</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocks2 executed!");

        base.OnInitialized();
    }
}

@page "/blazor-rocks-2"
@inherits BlazorRocksBase2
@inject ILogger<BlazorRocks2> Logger

<PageTitle>Blazor Rocks!</PageTitle>

<h1>Blazor Rocks! Example 2</h1>

<p>
    @BlazorRocksText
</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocks2 executed!");

        base.OnInitialized();
    }
}

@page "/blazor-rocks-2"
@inherits BlazorRocksBase2
@inject ILogger<BlazorRocks2> Logger

<PageTitle>Blazor Rocks!</PageTitle>

<h1>Blazor Rocks! Example 2</h1>

<p>
    @BlazorRocksText
</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocks2 executed!");

        base.OnInitialized();
    }
}

@page "/blazor-rocks-2"
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
@inherits BlazorRocksBase2
@inject ILogger<BlazorRocks2> Logger

<h1>Blazor Rocks! Example 2</h1>

<p>
    @BlazorRocksText
</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocks2 executed!");

        base.OnInitialized();
    }
}

@page "/blazor-rocks-2"
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
@inherits BlazorRocksBase2
@inject ILogger<BlazorRocks2> Logger

<h1>Blazor Rocks! Example 2</h1>

<p>
    @BlazorRocksText
</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocks2 executed!");

        base.OnInitialized();
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class BlazorRocksBase2 : ComponentBase
{
    [Inject]
    private ILogger<BlazorRocksBase2> Logger { get; set; } = default!;

    public string BlazorRocksText { get; set; } = "Blazor rocks the browser!";

    protected override void OnInitialized() =>
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocksBase2 executed!");
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class BlazorRocksBase2 : ComponentBase
{
    [Inject]
    private ILogger<BlazorRocksBase2> Logger { get; set; } = default!;

    public string BlazorRocksText { get; set; } = "Blazor rocks the browser!";

    protected override void OnInitialized() =>
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocksBase2 executed!");
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class BlazorRocksBase2 : ComponentBase
{
    [Inject]
    private ILogger<BlazorRocksBase2> Logger { get; set; } = default!;

    public string BlazorRocksText { get; set; } =
        "Blazor rocks the browser!";

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocksBase2 executed!");
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class BlazorRocksBase2 : ComponentBase
{
    [Inject]
    private ILogger<BlazorRocksBase2> Logger { get; set; } = default!;

    public string BlazorRocksText { get; set; } =
        "Blazor rocks the browser!";

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocksBase2 executed!");
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class BlazorRocksBase2 : ComponentBase
{
    [Inject]
    private ILogger<BlazorRocksBase2> Logger { get; set; } = default!;

    public string BlazorRocksText { get; set; } =
        "Blazor rocks the browser!";

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocksBase2 executed!");
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class BlazorRocksBase2 : ComponentBase
{
    [Inject]
    private ILogger<BlazorRocksBase2> Logger { get; set; } = default!;

    public string BlazorRocksText { get; set; } =
        "Blazor rocks the browser!";

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Initialization code of BlazorRocksBase2 executed!");
    }
}

using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class WeatherForecastService(IMemoryCache memoryCache)
{
    private static readonly string[] summaries =
    [
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild",
        "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
    ];

    public IMemoryCache MemoryCache { get; } = memoryCache;

    public Task<WeatherForecast[]?> GetForecastAsync(DateOnly startDate)
    {
        return MemoryCache.GetOrCreateAsync(startDate, async e =>
        {
            e.SetOptions(new MemoryCacheEntryOptions
            {
                AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow =
                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)
            });

            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));

            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = startDate.AddDays(index),
                TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = summaries[Random.Shared.Next(summaries.Length)]
            }).ToArray();
        });
    }
}

using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class WeatherForecastService(IMemoryCache memoryCache)
{
    private static readonly string[] summaries =
    [
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild",
        "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
    ];

    public IMemoryCache MemoryCache { get; } = memoryCache;

    public Task<WeatherForecast[]?> GetForecastAsync(DateOnly startDate)
    {
        return MemoryCache.GetOrCreateAsync(startDate, async e =>
        {
            e.SetOptions(new MemoryCacheEntryOptions
            {
                AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow =
                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)
            });

            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));

            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = startDate.AddDays(index),
                TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = summaries[Random.Shared.Next(summaries.Length)]
            }).ToArray();
        });
    }
}

using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;

public class WeatherForecastService
{
    private static readonly string[] summaries = new[]
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild",
        "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
    };

    public WeatherForecastService(IMemoryCache memoryCache)
    {
        MemoryCache = memoryCache;
    }

    public IMemoryCache MemoryCache { get; }

    public Task<WeatherForecast[]?> GetForecastAsync(DateTime startDate)
    {
        return MemoryCache.GetOrCreateAsync(startDate, async e =>
        {
            e.SetOptions(new MemoryCacheEntryOptions
            {
                AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow =
                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)
            });

            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));

            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = startDate.AddDays(index),
                TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = summaries[Random.Shared.Next(summaries.Length)]
            }).ToArray();
        });
    }
}

using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;

public class WeatherForecastService
{
    private static readonly string[] summaries = new[]
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild",
        "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
    };

    public WeatherForecastService(IMemoryCache memoryCache)
    {
        MemoryCache = memoryCache;
    }

    public IMemoryCache MemoryCache { get; }

    public Task<WeatherForecast[]> GetForecastAsync(DateTime startDate)
    {
        return MemoryCache.GetOrCreateAsync(startDate, async e =>
        {
            e.SetOptions(new MemoryCacheEntryOptions
            {
                AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow =
                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)
            });

            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));

            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = startDate.AddDays(index),
                TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = summaries[Random.Shared.Next(summaries.Length)]
            }).ToArray();
        });
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
using BlazorSample.Shared;

public class WeatherForecastService
{
    private static readonly string[] summaries = new[]
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild",
        "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
    };

    public WeatherForecastService(IMemoryCache memoryCache)
    {
        MemoryCache = memoryCache;
    }

    public IMemoryCache MemoryCache { get; }

    public Task<WeatherForecast[]> GetForecastAsync(DateTime startDate)
    {
        return MemoryCache.GetOrCreateAsync(startDate, async e =>
        {
            e.SetOptions(new MemoryCacheEntryOptions
            {
                AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow =
                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)
            });

            var rng = new Random();

            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));

            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = startDate.AddDays(index),
                TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = summaries[rng.Next(summaries.Length)]
            }).ToArray();
        });
    }
}

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
using BlazorSample.Shared;

public class WeatherForecastService
{
    private static readonly string[] summaries = new[]
    {
        "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild",
        "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching"
    };

    public WeatherForecastService(IMemoryCache memoryCache)
    {
        MemoryCache = memoryCache;
    }

    public IMemoryCache MemoryCache { get; }

    public Task<WeatherForecast[]> GetForecastAsync(DateTime startDate)
    {
        return MemoryCache.GetOrCreateAsync(startDate, async e =>
        {
            e.SetOptions(new MemoryCacheEntryOptions
            {
                AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow =
                    TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)
            });

            var rng = new Random();

            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));

            return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast
            {
                Date = startDate.AddDays(index),
                TemperatureC = rng.Next(-20, 55),
                Summary = summaries[rng.Next(summaries.Length)]
            }).ToArray();
        });
    }
}

Der Inhalt des Abschnitts konzentriert sich auf Blazor Web App-Web-Apps und die zustandsbehaftete SignalR-Neuverbindung. Informationen zum Beibehalten des Zustands während der Ausführung von Initialisierungscode während des Prerenderings finden Sie unter Prerendering von Razor-Komponenten in ASP.NET Core.

Obwohl sich der Inhalt in diesem Abschnitt auf Blazor Server und die zustandsbehaftete SignalR-Verbindungswiederherstellung konzentriert, umfasst das Szenario für Vorabrendern in gehosteten Blazor WebAssembly-Lösungen (WebAssemblyPrerendered) ähnliche Bedingungen und Verfahren, um die doppelte Ausführung von Entwicklercode zu verhindern. Informationen zum Beibehalten des Zustands während der Ausführung von Initialisierungscode während der Vorrenderung finden Sie unter "Integrieren ASP.NET Core-KomponentenRazor".

In diesem Abschnitt werden serverseitige Apps beschrieben, die Razor-Komponenten vorab rendern. Das Vorabrendering wird in Vorabrendern von ASP.NET Core-Razor-Komponenten behandelt.

In diesem Abschnitt werden serverseitige Anwendungen und gehostete Blazor WebAssembly-Anwendungen beschrieben, die Razor-Komponenten vorab rendern. Prerendering wird in integration ASP.NET Core-Komponenten Razorbehandelt.

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Prerendered Interop</PageTitle>

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

TimerDisposal1.razor:

@page "/timer-disposal-1"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<PageTitle>Timer Disposal 1</PageTitle>

<h1>Timer Disposal Example 1</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer timer = new(1000);

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer.Dispose();
}

TimerDisposal1.razor:

@page "/timer-disposal-1"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<PageTitle>Timer Disposal 1</PageTitle>

<h1>Timer Disposal Example 1</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer timer = new(1000);

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer.Dispose();
}

CounterWithTimerDisposal1.razor:

@page "/counter-with-timer-disposal-1"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<h1>Counter with <code>Timer</code> disposal</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer timer = new(1000);

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer.Dispose();
}

CounterWithTimerDisposal1.razor:

@page "/counter-with-timer-disposal-1"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<h1>Counter with <code>Timer</code> disposal</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer timer = new(1000);

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer.Dispose();
}

CounterWithTimerDisposal1.razor:

@page "/counter-with-timer-disposal-1"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<h1>Counter with <code>Timer</code> disposal</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer timer = new(1000);

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer.Dispose();
}

CounterWithTimerDisposal1.razor:

@page "/counter-with-timer-disposal-1"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<h1>Counter with <code>Timer</code> disposal</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer timer = new Timer(1000);

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer.Dispose();
}

TimerDisposal2.razor:

@page "/timer-disposal-2"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<PageTitle>Timer Disposal 2</PageTitle>

<h1>Timer Disposal Example 2</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer? timer;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer = new Timer(1000);
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer?.Dispose();
}

TimerDisposal2.razor:

@page "/timer-disposal-2"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<PageTitle>Timer Disposal 2</PageTitle>

<h1>Timer Disposal Example 2</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer? timer;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer = new Timer(1000);
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer?.Dispose();
}

CounterWithTimerDisposal2.razor:

@page "/counter-with-timer-disposal-2"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<h1>Counter with <code>Timer</code> disposal</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer? timer;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer = new Timer(1000);
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer?.Dispose();
}

CounterWithTimerDisposal2.razor:

@page "/counter-with-timer-disposal-2"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<h1>Counter with <code>Timer</code> disposal</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer? timer;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer = new Timer(1000);
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer?.Dispose();
}

CounterWithTimerDisposal2.razor:

@page "/counter-with-timer-disposal-2"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<h1>Counter with <code>Timer</code> disposal</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer timer;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer = new Timer(1000);
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer?.Dispose();
}

CounterWithTimerDisposal2.razor:

@page "/counter-with-timer-disposal-2"
@using System.Timers
@implements IDisposable

<h1>Counter with <code>Timer</code> disposal</h1>

<p>Current count: @currentCount</p>

@code {
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private Timer timer;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        timer = new Timer(1000);
        timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) => OnTimerCallback();
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void OnTimerCallback()
    {
        _ = InvokeAsync(() =>
        {
            currentCount++;
            StateHasChanged();
        });
    }

    public void Dispose() => timer?.Dispose();
}

@page "/background-work"
@implements IDisposable
@inject ILogger<BackgroundWork> Logger

<PageTitle>Background Work</PageTitle>

<h1>Background Work Example</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="LongRunningWork">Trigger long running work</button>
    <button @onclick="Dispose">Trigger Disposal</button>
</p>
<p>Study logged messages in the console.</p>
<p>
    If you trigger disposal within 10 seconds of page load, the 
    <code>BackgroundResourceMethod</code> isn't executed.
</p>
<p>
    If disposal occurs after <code>BackgroundResourceMethod</code> is called but
    before action is taken on the resource, an <code>ObjectDisposedException</code>
    is thrown by <code>BackgroundResourceMethod</code>, and the resource isn't
    processed.
</p>

@code {
    private Resource resource = new();
    private CancellationTokenSource cts = new();
    private IList<string> messages = [];

    protected async Task LongRunningWork()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Long running work started");

        await Task.Delay(10000, cts.Token);

        cts.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        resource.BackgroundResourceMethod(Logger);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Executing Dispose");

        if (!cts.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            cts.Cancel();
        }
        
        cts?.Dispose();
        resource?.Dispose();
    }

    private class Resource : IDisposable
    {
        private bool disposed;

        public void BackgroundResourceMethod(ILogger<BackgroundWork> logger)
        {
            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Start method");

            if (disposed)
            {
                logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Disposed");
                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(Resource));
            }

            // Take action on the Resource

            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Action on Resource");
        }

        public void Dispose() => disposed = true;
    }
}

@page "/background-work"
@implements IDisposable
@inject ILogger<BackgroundWork> Logger

<PageTitle>Background Work</PageTitle>

<h1>Background Work Example</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="LongRunningWork">Trigger long running work</button>
    <button @onclick="Dispose">Trigger Disposal</button>
</p>
<p>Study logged messages in the console.</p>
<p>
    If you trigger disposal within 10 seconds of page load, the 
    <code>BackgroundResourceMethod</code> isn't executed.
</p>
<p>
    If disposal occurs after <code>BackgroundResourceMethod</code> is called but
    before action is taken on the resource, an <code>ObjectDisposedException</code>
    is thrown by <code>BackgroundResourceMethod</code>, and the resource isn't
    processed.
</p>

@code {
    private Resource resource = new();
    private CancellationTokenSource cts = new();
    private IList<string> messages = [];

    protected async Task LongRunningWork()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Long running work started");

        await Task.Delay(10000, cts.Token);

        cts.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        resource.BackgroundResourceMethod(Logger);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Executing Dispose");

        if (!cts.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            cts.Cancel();
        }
        
        cts?.Dispose();
        resource?.Dispose();
    }

    private class Resource : IDisposable
    {
        private bool disposed;

        public void BackgroundResourceMethod(ILogger<BackgroundWork> logger)
        {
            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Start method");

            if (disposed)
            {
                logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Disposed");
                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(Resource));
            }

            // Take action on the Resource

            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Action on Resource");
        }

        public void Dispose() => disposed = true;
    }
}

@page "/background-work"
@using System.Threading
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
@implements IDisposable
@inject ILogger<BackgroundWork> Logger

<button @onclick="LongRunningWork">Trigger long running work</button>
<button @onclick="Dispose">Trigger Disposal</button>

@code {
    private Resource resource = new();
    private CancellationTokenSource cts = new();

    protected async Task LongRunningWork()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Long running work started");

        await Task.Delay(5000, cts.Token);

        cts.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        resource.BackgroundResourceMethod(Logger);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Executing Dispose");
        cts.Cancel();
        cts.Dispose();
        resource?.Dispose();
    }

    private class Resource : IDisposable
    {
        private bool disposed;

        public void BackgroundResourceMethod(ILogger<BackgroundWork> logger)
        {
            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Start method");

            if (disposed)
            {
                logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Disposed");
                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(Resource));
            }

            // Take action on the Resource

            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Action on Resource");
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            disposed = true;
        }
    }
}

@page "/background-work"
@using System.Threading
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
@implements IDisposable
@inject ILogger<BackgroundWork> Logger

<button @onclick="LongRunningWork">Trigger long running work</button>
<button @onclick="Dispose">Trigger Disposal</button>

@code {
    private Resource resource = new();
    private CancellationTokenSource cts = new();

    protected async Task LongRunningWork()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Long running work started");

        await Task.Delay(5000, cts.Token);

        cts.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        resource.BackgroundResourceMethod(Logger);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Executing Dispose");
        cts.Cancel();
        cts.Dispose();
        resource?.Dispose();
    }

    private class Resource : IDisposable
    {
        private bool disposed;

        public void BackgroundResourceMethod(ILogger<BackgroundWork> logger)
        {
            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Start method");

            if (disposed)
            {
                logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Disposed");
                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(Resource));
            }

            // Take action on the Resource

            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Action on Resource");
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            disposed = true;
        }
    }
}

@page "/background-work"
@using System.Threading
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
@implements IDisposable
@inject ILogger<BackgroundWork> Logger

<button @onclick="LongRunningWork">Trigger long running work</button>
<button @onclick="Dispose">Trigger Disposal</button>

@code {
    private Resource resource = new();
    private CancellationTokenSource cts = new();

    protected async Task LongRunningWork()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Long running work started");

        await Task.Delay(5000, cts.Token);

        cts.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        resource.BackgroundResourceMethod(Logger);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Executing Dispose");
        cts.Cancel();
        cts.Dispose();
        resource?.Dispose();
    }

    private class Resource : IDisposable
    {
        private bool disposed;

        public void BackgroundResourceMethod(ILogger<BackgroundWork> logger)
        {
            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Start method");

            if (disposed)
            {
                logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Disposed");
                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(Resource));
            }

            // Take action on the Resource

            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Action on Resource");
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            disposed = true;
        }
    }
}

@page "/background-work"
@using System.Threading
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging
@implements IDisposable
@inject ILogger<BackgroundWork> Logger

<button @onclick="LongRunningWork">Trigger long running work</button>
<button @onclick="Dispose">Trigger Disposal</button>

@code {
    private Resource resource = new Resource();
    private CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

    protected async Task LongRunningWork()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Long running work started");

        await Task.Delay(5000, cts.Token);

        cts.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
        resource.BackgroundResourceMethod(Logger);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Logger.LogInformation("Executing Dispose");
        cts.Cancel();
        cts.Dispose();
        resource?.Dispose();
    }

    private class Resource : IDisposable
    {
        private bool disposed;

        public void BackgroundResourceMethod(ILogger<BackgroundWork> logger)
        {
            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Start method");

            if (disposed)
            {
                logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Disposed");
                throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(Resource));
            }

            // Take action on the Resource

            logger.LogInformation("BackgroundResourceMethod: Action on Resource");
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            disposed = true;
        }
    }
}