Quickstart: Create an Azure Front Door using Azure CLI

In this quickstart, you learn how to create an Azure Front Door using Azure CLI. You set up a profile with two Azure Web Apps as origins and add a WAF security policy. Finally, you verify connectivity to your Web Apps using the Azure Front Door endpoint hostname.

If you don't have an Azure subscription, create an Azure free account before you begin.

Prerequisites

• Use the Bash environment in Azure Cloud Shell. For more information, see Quickstart for Bash in Azure Cloud Shell.

  

• If you prefer to run CLI reference commands locally, install the Azure CLI. If you're running on Windows or macOS, consider running Azure CLI in a Docker container. For more information, see How to run the Azure CLI in a Docker container.

  • If you're using a local installation, sign in to the Azure CLI by using the az login command. To finish the authentication process, follow the steps displayed in your terminal. For other sign-in options, see Sign in with the Azure CLI.

  • When you're prompted, install the Azure CLI extension on first use. For more information about extensions, see Use extensions with the Azure CLI.

  • Run az version to find the version and dependent libraries that are installed. To upgrade to the latest version, run az upgrade.

Create a resource group

In Azure, related resources are allocated to a resource group. You can use an existing resource group or create a new one.

Run az group create to create a resource group.

az group create --name myRGFD --location centralus

Create an Azure Front Door profile

Next, create the Azure Front Door profile that your two App Services uses as origins.

Run az afd profile create to create an Azure Front Door profile.

az afd profile create \
    --profile-name contosoafd \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --sku Premium_AzureFrontDoor

Create two instances of a web app

In this step, you create two web app instances running in different Azure regions. Both instances operate in Active/Active mode, meaning either can handle traffic. This setup is different from an Active/Stand-By configuration, where one instance serves as a failover.

Create app service plans

First, create two app service plans: one in Central US and another in East US.

Run the following commands to create the app service plans:

az appservice plan create \
    --name myAppServicePlanCentralUS \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --location centralus

az appservice plan create \
    --name myAppServicePlanEastUS \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --location eastus

Create web apps

Next, create a web app in each of the app service plans created in the previous step. Web app names must be globally unique.

Run the following commands to create the web apps:

az webapp create \
    --name WebAppContoso-01 \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --plan myAppServicePlanCentralUS

az webapp create \
    --name WebAppContoso-02 \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --plan myAppServicePlanEastUS

Make a note of the default host names for each web app, as you'll need them to define the backend addresses when deploying the Azure Front Door in the next step.

Create an Azure Front Door

Create an Azure Front Door profile

Run az afd profile create to create an Azure Front Door profile.

az afd profile create \
    --profile-name contosoafd \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --sku Premium_AzureFrontDoor

Add an endpoint

Create an endpoint in your Azure Front Door profile. An endpoint is a logical grouping of one or more routes associated with domain names. Each endpoint is assigned a domain name by Azure Front Door, and you can associate endpoints with custom domains using routes. Azure Front Door profiles can contain multiple endpoints.

Run az afd endpoint create to create an endpoint in your profile.

az afd endpoint create \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --endpoint-name contosofrontend \
    --profile-name contosoafd \
    --enabled-state Enabled

For more information about endpoints in Azure Front Door, see Endpoints in Azure Front Door.

Create an origin group

Create an origin group that defines the traffic and expected responses for your app instances. Origin groups also define how origins get evaluated by health probes.

Run az afd origin-group create to create an origin group containing your two web apps.

az afd origin-group create \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --origin-group-name og \
    --profile-name contosoafd \
    --probe-request-type GET \
    --probe-protocol Http \
    --probe-interval-in-seconds 60 \
    --probe-path / \
    --sample-size 4 \
    --successful-samples-required 3 \
    --additional-latency-in-milliseconds 50

Add origins to the origin group

Add both of your app instances created earlier as origins to your new origin group. Origins in Azure Front Door refer to applications that Azure Front Door retrieves content from when caching isn't enabled or when a cache miss occurs.

Run az afd origin create to add your first app instance as an origin to your origin group.

az afd origin create \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --host-name webappcontoso-01.azurewebsites.net \
    --profile-name contosoafd \
    --origin-group-name og \
    --origin-name contoso1 \
    --origin-host-header webappcontoso-01.azurewebsites.net \
    --priority 1 \
    --weight 1000 \
    --enabled-state Enabled \
    --http-port 80 \
    --https-port 443

Repeat this step to add your second app instance as an origin to your origin group.

az afd origin create \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --host-name webappcontoso-02.azurewebsites.net \
    --profile-name contosoafd \
    --origin-group-name og \
    --origin-name contoso2 \
    --origin-host-header webappcontoso-02.azurewebsites.net \
    --priority 1 \
    --weight 1000 \
    --enabled-state Enabled \
    --http-port 80 \
    --https-port 443

For more information about origins, origin groups, and health probes, see Origins and origin groups in Azure Front Door.

Add a route

Add a route to map the endpoint you created earlier to the origin group. This route forwards requests from the endpoint to your origin group.

Run az afd route create to map your endpoint to the origin group.

az afd route create \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --profile-name contosoafd \
    --endpoint-name contosofrontend \
    --forwarding-protocol MatchRequest \
    --route-name route \
    --https-redirect Enabled \
    --origin-group og \
    --supported-protocols Http Https \
    --link-to-default-domain Enabled 

To learn more about routes in Azure Front Door, see Traffic routing methods to origin.

Create a new security policy

Azure Web Application Firewall (WAF) on Azure Front Door provides centralized protection for your web applications, defending them against common exploits and vulnerabilities.

In this tutorial, you create a WAF policy that includes two managed rules. You can also create WAF policies with custom rules.

Create a WAF policy

Run az network front-door waf-policy create to create a new WAF policy for your Azure Front Door. This example creates a policy that is enabled and in prevention mode.

az network front-door waf-policy create \
    --name contosoWAF \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --sku Premium_AzureFrontDoor \
    --disabled false \
    --mode Prevention

To learn more about WAF policy settings for Azure Front Door, see Policy settings for Web Application Firewall on Azure Front Door.

Assign managed rules to the WAF policy

Azure-managed rule sets provide an easy way to protect your application against common security threats.

Run az network front-door waf-policy managed-rules add to add managed rules to your WAF Policy. This example adds Microsoft_DefaultRuleSet_2.1 and Microsoft_BotManagerRuleSet_1.0 to your policy.

az network front-door waf-policy managed-rules add \
    --policy-name contosoWAF \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --type Microsoft_DefaultRuleSet \
    --action Block \
    --version 2.1 

az network front-door waf-policy managed-rules add \
    --policy-name contosoWAF \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --type Microsoft_BotManagerRuleSet \
    --version 1.0

To learn more about managed rules in Azure Front Door, see Web Application Firewall DRS rule groups and rules.

Apply the security policy

Now, apply the WAF policies to your Azure Front Door by creating a security policy. This setting applies the Azure-managed rules to the endpoint you defined earlier.

Run az afd security-policy create to apply your WAF policy to the endpoint's default domain.

az afd security-policy create \
    --resource-group myRGFD \
    --profile-name contosoafd \
    --security-policy-name contososecurity \
    --domains /subscriptions/mysubscription/resourcegroups/myRGFD/providers/Microsoft.Cdn/profiles/contosoafd/afdEndpoints/contosofrontend \
    --waf-policy /subscriptions/mysubscription/resourcegroups/myRGFD/providers/Microsoft.Network/frontdoorwebapplicationfirewallpolicies/contosoWAF

Test the Azure Front Door

After you create the Azure Front Door profile, it takes a few minutes for the configuration to be deployed globally. Once completed, you can access the frontend host you created.

Run az afd endpoint show to get the hostname of the Azure Front Door endpoint.

az afd endpoint show --resource-group myRGFD --profile-name contosoafd --endpoint-name contosofrontend

In a browser, go to the endpoint hostname: contosofrontend-<hash>.z01.azurefd.net. Your request is routed to the least latent Web App in the origin group.

To test instant global failover, follow these steps:

1. Open a browser and go to the endpoint hostname: contosofrontend-<hash>.z01.azurefd.net.

2. Stop one of the Web Apps by running az webapp stop:

   az webapp stop --name WebAppContoso-01 --resource-group myRGFD
   

3. Refresh your browser. You should see the same information page.

4. Stop the other web app as well:

   az webapp stop --name WebAppContoso-02 --resource-group myRGFD
   

5. Refresh your browser. This time, you should see an error message.

   

6. Restart one of the Web Apps by running az webapp start. Refresh your browser, and the page should return to normal.

   az webapp start --name WebAppContoso-01 --resource-group myRGFD
   

Clean up resources

When you no longer need the resources created for the Azure Front Door, you can delete the resource group. This action removes the Azure Front Door and all associated resources.

Run the following command to delete the resource group:

az group delete --name myRGFD

Next steps

Proceed to the next article to learn how to add a custom domain to your Azure Front Door.