Run your functions from a package file in Azure

  • Article

In Azure, you can run your functions directly from a deployment package file in your function app. The other option is to deploy your files in the c:\home\site\wwwroot (Windows) or /home/site/wwwroot (Linux) directory of your function app.

This article describes the benefits of running your functions from a package. It also shows how to enable this functionality in your function app.

Benefits of running from a package file

There are several benefits to running functions from a package file:

  • Reduces the risk of file copy locking issues.
  • Can be deployed to a production app (with restart).
  • Verifies the files that are running in your app.
  • Improves the performance of Azure Resource Manager deployments.
  • Reduces cold-start times, particularly for JavaScript functions with large npm package trees.

For more information, see this announcement.

Enable functions to run from a package

To enable your function app to run from a package, add a WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE app setting to your function app. The WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE app setting can have one of the following values:

Value Description
1 Indicates that the function app runs from a local package file deployed in the c:\home\data\SitePackages (Windows) or /home/data/SitePackages (Linux) folder of your function app.
<URL> Sets a URL that is the remote location of the specific package file you want to run. Required for functions apps running on Linux in a Consumption plan.

The following table indicates the recommended WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE values for deployment to a specific operating system and hosting plan:

Hosting plan Windows Linux
Consumption 1 is highly recommended. Only <URL> is supported.
Premium 1 is recommended. 1 is recommended.
Dedicated 1 is recommended. 1 is recommended.

General considerations

  • The package file must be .zip formatted. Tar and gzip formats aren't supported.
  • Zip deployment is recommended.
  • When deploying your function app to Windows, you should set WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE to 1 and publish with zip deployment.
  • When you run from a package, the wwwroot folder is read-only and you receive an error if you write files to this directory. Files are also read-only in the Azure portal.
  • The maximum size for a deployment package file is 1 GB.
  • You can't use the local cache when running from a deployment package.
  • If your project needs to use remote build, don't use the WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE app setting. Instead, add the SCM_DO_BUILD_DURING_DEPLOYMENT=true deployment customization app setting. For Linux, also add the ENABLE_ORYX_BUILD=true setting. For more information, see Remote build.

Note

The WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE app setting does not work with MSDeploy as described in MSDeploy VS. ZipDeploy. You will receive an error during deployment, such as ARM-MSDeploy Deploy Failed. To resolve this error, change /MSDeploy to /ZipDeploy.

Add the WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE setting

There are several ways that you can add, update, and delete function app settings:

Changes to function app settings require your function app to be restarted.

Creating the zip archive

The zip archive you deploy must contain all of the files needed to run your function app. You can manually create a zip archive from the contents of a Functions project folder using built-in .zip compression functionality or third-party tools.

The archive must include the host.json file at the root of the extracted folder. The selected language stack for the function app creates additional requirements:

Important

For languages that generate compiled output for deployment, make sure to compress the contents of the output folder you plan to publish and not the entire project folder. When Functions extracts the contents of the zip archive, the host.json file must exist in the root of the package.

Use WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE = 1

This section provides information about how to run your function app from a local package file.

Considerations for deploying from an on-site package

  • Using an on-site package is the recommended option for running from the deployment package, except when running on Linux hosted in a Consumption plan.
  • Zip deployment is the recommended way to upload a deployment package to your site.
  • When not using zip deployment, make sure the c:\home\data\SitePackages (Windows) or /home/data/SitePackages (Linux) folder has a file named packagename.txt. This file contains only the name, without any whitespace, of the package file in this folder that's currently running.

Integration with zip deployment

Zip deployment is a feature of Azure App Service that lets you deploy your function app project to the wwwroot directory. The project is packaged as a .zip deployment file. The same APIs can be used to deploy your package to the c:\home\data\SitePackages (Windows) or /home/data/SitePackages (Linux) folder.

When you set the WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE app setting value to 1, the zip deployment APIs copy your package to the c:\home\data\SitePackages (Windows) or /home/data/SitePackages (Linux) folder instead of extracting the files to c:\home\site\wwwroot (Windows) or /home/site/wwwroot (Linux). It also creates the packagename.txt file. After your function app is automatically restarted, the package is mounted to wwwroot as a read-only filesystem. For more information about zip deployment, see Zip deployment for Azure Functions.

Note

When a deployment occurs, a restart of the function app is triggered. Function executions currently running during the deploy are terminated. For information about how to write stateless and defensive functions, sett Write functions to be stateless.

Use WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE = URL

This section provides information about how to run your function app from a package deployed to a URL endpoint. This option is the only one supported for running from a Linux-hosted package with a Consumption plan.

Considerations for deploying from a URL

  • Function apps running on Windows experience a slight increase in cold-start time when the application package is deployed to a URL endpoint via WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE = <URL>.
  • When you specify a URL, you must also manually sync triggers after you publish an updated package.
  • The Functions runtime must have permissions to access the package URL.
  • Don't deploy your package to Azure Blob Storage as a public blob. Instead, use a private container with a shared access signature (SAS) or use a managed identity to enable the Functions runtime to access the package.
  • You must maintain any SAS URLs used for deployment. When an SAS expires, the package can no longer be deployed. In this case, you must generate a new SAS and update the setting in your function app. You can eliminate this management burden by using a managed identity.
  • When running on a Premium plan, make sure to eliminate cold starts.
  • When you're running on a Dedicated plan, ensure you enable Always On.
  • You can use Azure Storage Explorer to upload package files to blob containers in your storage account.

Manually uploading a package to Blob Storage

To deploy a zipped package when using the URL option, you must create a .zip compressed deployment package and upload it to the destination. The following procedure deploys to a container in Blob Storage:

  1. Create a .zip package for your project using the utility of your choice.

  2. In the Azure portal, search for your storage account name or browse for it in the storage accounts list.

  3. In the storage account, select Containers under Data storage.

  4. Select + Container to create a new Blob Storage container in your account.

  5. In the New container page, provide a Name (for example, deployments), ensure the Anonymous access level is Private, and then select Create.

  6. Select the container you created, select Upload, browse to the location of the .zip file you created with your project, and then select Upload.

  7. After the upload completes, choose your uploaded blob file, and copy the URL. If you aren't using a managed identity, you might need to generate a SAS URL.

  8. Search for your function app or browse for it in the Function App page.

  9. In your function app, expand Settings, and then select Environment variables.

  10. In the App settings tab, select + Add.

  11. Enter the value WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE for the Name, and paste the URL of your package in Blob Storage for the Value.

  12. Select Apply, and then select Apply and Confirm to save the setting and restart the function app.

Now you can run your function in Azure to verify that deployment of the deployment package .zip file was successful.

Fetch a package from Azure Blob Storage using a managed identity

You can configure Azure Blob Storage to authorize requests with Microsoft Entra ID. This configuration means that instead of generating a SAS key with an expiration, you can instead rely on the application's managed identity. By default, the app's system-assigned identity is used. If you wish to specify a user-assigned identity, you can set the WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE_BLOB_MI_RESOURCE_ID app setting to the resource ID of that identity. The setting can also accept SystemAssigned as a value, which is equivalent to omitting the setting.

To enable the package to be fetched using the identity:

  1. Ensure that the blob is configured for private access.

  2. Grant the identity the Storage Blob Data Reader role with scope over the package blob. See Assign an Azure role for access to blob data for details on creating the role assignment.

  3. Set the WEBSITE_RUN_FROM_PACKAGE application setting to the blob URL of the package. This URL is usually of the form https://{storage-account-name}.blob.core.windows.net/{container-name}/{path-to-package} or similar.

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