Hi, @Anonymous . Aside from how vCore and DTU based purchasing bundles and charges for resource consumed as detailed in this document: Choose between the vCore and DTU purchasing models - Azure SQL Database and SQL Managed Instance ([link][1]), the service tier alignment between the vCore and DTU purchasing models is General Purpose (vCore) > Standard (DTU) and Business Critical (vCore) > Premium (DTU). The Basic (DTU) service tier is a very inexpensive option but as your inquiry is asking, the features found in General Purpose, Standard, and Basic are all essentially the same.
And as detailed in the second link you provided, the following [!NOTE] details the following:
Business Critical tier is called Premium in the DTU purchasing model. For a comparison of the vCore-based purchasing model with the DTU-based purchasing model, see [Azure SQL Database purchasing models and resources][2].
This essentially confirms that Business Critical (vCore) and Premium (DTU) are functionally the same minus the purchasing model benefits of each. The real difference between GP and BC (vCore) and in the case of DTU, the difference between Basic/Standard and Premium is the data storage components. Standard S0 and S1 use standard blob storage and Standard S2+, all Business Critical and all Premium service tiers are on premium storage.
Regarding data storage, the Standard S0 and S1 service tiers are placed on Standard Page Blobs. Standard Page Blobs use hard disk drive (HDD)-based storage media and are best suited for development, testing, and other infrequently accessed workloads that are less sensitive to performance variability.
All backup storage is RA-GRS. The pricing page for [elastic pool][3] and [single database (DTU)][4] can provide you specific details where the documentation may not be that precise.
vCore:
General Purpose
Business Critical
DTU:
Basic
Standard (S0 - S12)
Premium (P1, P2, P4, P6, P11, and P15)
[Additional Information][5]