Welcome to Microsoft Q&A and thank you for your question. The Total Dedicated vCPUs limit is the maximum number of cores that can be allocated across all Batch VMs running in the Batch account, regardless of VM type. On the other hand, Dedicated vCPUs per VM Series is the limit for each specific VM type.
Let’s use your current limits as an example. Say you have a pool running with a single Standard_D4_v3. This would count towards both the Dedicated vCPUs per VM Series for Dv3 Series and the Total Dedicated vCPUs limit, with both limits usage being at 4. If you attempted to add another VM such as Standard_E8_v3, it would fail because it would exceed the Total Dedicated vCPUs limit even though you have enough quota for the Ev3 Series. Both limits are enforced.
I hope this helps clarify things for you. Let me know if you have any further questions!
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