You could use the Search-AzGraph cmdlet to access the Resource Graph query results from PowerShell. This would give you the ability to either augment the query with the results from Get-AzSqlDatabaseBackupShortTermRetentionPolicy, or to use the results from the query when calling the Get-AzSqlDatabaseBackupShortTermRetentionPolicy cmdlet.
Executing the PowerShell could then be done locally, from an Azure Automation Account Runbook, or another service capable of running PowerShell.