Hello Michał Kwiatek,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A and Thank you for posting your query here!
I believe you have already gone through below document:
https://video2.skills-academy.com/en-us/azure/storage/files/storage-how-to-use-files-mac
To mount Azure Files on macOS using AD authentication, you can follow the steps outlined in the Enable AD DS authentication for Azure file shares documentation. This documentation provides detailed instructions on how to enable Active Directory Domain Services authentication over SMB for Azure file shares, allowing your domain-joined macOS machines to access Azure file shares using AD DS credentials.
Please note that the documentation includes PowerShell scripts and manual steps to perform the enablement actions. It is recommended to review the documentation thoroughly and follow the steps accordingly.
Please let us know if you have any further queries. I’m happy to assist you further.
Kindly do not forget to "Accept the answer” and “up-vote” wherever the information provided helps you, this can be beneficial to other community members.
-Ekta