@Mujtaba Faizan - Thanks for the question and using MS Q&A platform.
Regarding your first question, if the consumer throws an error, Event Hubs will continue to send data to the consumer. However, the consumer will not be able to receive any new data until the error is resolved.
As for your second question, Event Hubs will continue to send data until the retention period for the event hub is reached. The retention period is the amount of time that Event Hubs will keep the data before it is automatically deleted. The default retention period is one day, but it can be configured to be up to seven days.
Regarding your third question, if the consumer does not update the checkpoint, Event Hubs will continue to send data from the last checkpointed position. This means that the consumer will receive duplicate data that it has already processed before. It is important to note that checkpointing is a per-partition operation, so each partition will have its own checkpoint.
Finally, if one consumer updates the checkpoint, it will not affect the other consumers. Each consumer maintains its own checkpoint for each partition it is processing. This means that each consumer can process data independently and at its own pace.
Hope this helps. Do let us know if you any further queries.
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