program '/functions_debugging_cli/func' does not exist in docker azure function app

I get the error "program '/functions_debugging_cli/func' does not exist" when trying to run an azure function app locally in a docker container. Browsing the docker image I learned that the /functions_debugging_cli/ folder doesn't exist, so that figures. Question is: why isn't this there in the image in the first place, and how can I get it there?

Software used:

• Docker Deskop for Windows installed (my version: 4.27.1, client 25.0.2, server 25.0.2), using WSL2
• Visual Studio 2022 LTSC 17.8

Reproduction steps:

• Create an Azure Function app in VS
• Wait for AzureFunctionsTools to install
• Select .NET8.0 Isolated (Long Term Support)
• Select Queue Trigger (in my case at least)
• Enable Docker
• Fill in other required field and finish
• Update nuget packages (why are these not already the latest versions? Else the next step fails...)
• Add the Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Extensions.Storage.Queues package (why is this missing, resulting in an immediate build error with boilerplate code?)
• Build solution and debug as Docker. Wait for everything to get setup and then I get the error.

Trying to find a solution for this error, I found this SO answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/66545118 which looked to be a promising direction. Logging into the newly created docker container (using docker exec -t -i {container name} /bin/bash in a command prompt) I tried to get the azure function tools installed manually first, to see if this was viable, using some adapted steps from here: https://github.com/Azure/azure-functions-core-tools/blob/master/README.md#azure-functions-core-tools

Apparently, the docker container runs Debian 12. That website only goes to 11 and assumes some packages are already installed. Also, Microsoft has this link for Debian 12 repositories: https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/12/

Since Debian 12 handles signing new repositories a little different, I ended up using the following script, instead of what was mentioned for Debian10/11:

DEBIAN_VERSION=12

apt-get install -y wget
apt-get install -y curl
apt-get install -y gpg
curl -fsSL https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-prod.gpg
cp usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-prod.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/
wget -q https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/$DEBIAN_VERSION/prod.list
mv prod.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-prod.list
chown root:root /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft-prod.gpg
chown root:root /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-prod.list

After this, running apt-get update recognizes the new repository, but unfortunately it still doesn't recognize the azure functions tools package, so apt-get install azure-functions-core-tools-3 still fails.

After that, I also tried targetting the version 11 repository instead. This one DOES contain the tools package, but then running func results in an error mentioning Couldn't find a valid ICU package installed on the system which supposedly should be the libicu* package (* being either -dev or 72 in this specific version of the image). Installing that doesn't resolve that error, and also starting/debugging the function app itself in the container still yields the same error as in the start, so that solves nothing either. I'm at a loss at this point. How do I get a linux docker image properly setup with the required azure function tools installed as well?