@vicman - Thanks for the question and using MS Q&A platform.
You could of course setup such environment. 2 seperate catalogs with save table names within. Catalogname would be then a parametername to your job definition. You have then a staging of your data assets but not your infrastructure. If you change/have an incident in dev environment, your prod would be done too (databricks and storage account resource). Depends on how risk affine you are. What would be your benefit? I dont see any benefit of doing this.
For more details, refer to the below articles:
Functional Workspace Organization on Databricks
Isolation of Environments on the Databricks Data Intelligence Platform
Hope this helps. Do let us know if you any further queries.