Hello @HyperSnorlax,
I'm glad that you were able to resolve your issue and thank you for posting your solution so that others experiencing the same thing can easily reference this! Since the Microsoft Q&A community has a policy that "The question author cannot accept their own answer. They can only accept answers by others ", I'll repost your solution in case you'd like to "Accept " the answer.
Issue: Unable to access LAPS password
Solution: To use device action, your account must have the following Intune permission:
Managed devices: Read
Organization: Read
Created custom role on Intune to set Rotate Local Admin Password to “yes”
If you have any other questions or are still running into more issues, please let me know. Thank you again for your time and patience throughout this issue.
Please remember to "Accept Answer" if any answer/reply helped, so that others in the community facing similar issues can easily find the solution.
Thanks,
Raja Pothuraju.