Hello Esteban Z,
Welcome to the Microsoft Q&A and thank you for posting your questions here.
Regarding your explanation of your need and your question if it is possible to use service endpoints or private endpoints between ACS and The Azure Cognitive Service instead of exposing the cognitive service to public networks.
Yes, you can use private endpoints to connect Azure Communication Services (ACS) with Azure Cognitive Services, which can help reduce latency by using the Azure backbone instead of the public internet. https://video2.skills-academy.com/en-us/azure/communication-services/samples/call-automation-ai and https://video2.skills-academy.com/en-us/azure/communication-services/concepts/call-automation/azure-communication-services-azure-cognitive-services-integration
In addition, from your Azure Cognitive Services resource, you can create a private endpoint in the same virtual network (VNet) where your ACS is deployed using prompt.
I hope this is helpful! Do not hesitate to let me know if you have any other questions.
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Best Regards,
Sina Salam