Hi Radek,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A forum.
As I understand, you are getting error in Microsoft Entra ID for authentication with Azure Database for PostgreSQL fatal no pg_hba.conf entry for host.
Is this the first time you are trying to connect or earlier it worked, and it is failing now?
If first time, then please try restarting the server as mentioned here:
https://video2.skills-academy.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/single-server/how-to-restart-server-portal
Try in the Azure Portal change require_secure_transport from server parameters to OFF.
Let us know if this helped.
Awaiting your reply.
Thanks