It's not mandatory for a group to have an owner, so you might just be running into ownerless groups. This filter can help you get only the ones with at least one owner:
GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/groups?$select=id,displayName&$filter=owners/$count ne 0&$count=true
Keep in mind that the above is an advanced query, so make sure to add the necessary header.
Other than that, check the permissions you're running with.