After opening a ticket with Microsoft Support regarding my case (in an unmanaged environment, btw) I’ve been informed that the problem was that the organisation was not provisioned properly, as the attached image shows.
Here’s the support conclusion about the issue:
Issue: you reported that Microsoft Excel files added to a Copilot Studio Agent in a sandbox environment remain stuck in the 'Processing' state for several hours and eventually fail..
Resolution: we reviewed the issue internally, escalated to the backend team and the reprovisioning of the environments helped resolve the issue.
The environments were working fine after the resolution was implemented.