When you run the package from VS, it should be taking your credentials to connect to Blob storage I believe. But when the job is run using Agent job, it takes SQL server account credentials.
Try creating proxy with your own credentials and use this proxy to run agent job.
129293-configure-an-ssis-package-to-execute-as-a-proxy-account
Also it's better to reach out in dedicated forum for SSIS questions
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