I've seen several old threads in this forum and other forums regarding link previews in Outlook (both web and desktop versions) showing outdated information.
As I know, the Link Preview feature is only available in in Outlook.com and Outlook on the web. Outlook desktop client does not support this feature so far. So, what email account are you using? Outlook.com email account or O365 email account? In order to conduct further researches on your issue, please try to provide me with more information related to your issue.
Any update, please feel free to post back.