Hello @wooseok ,
Welcome to the MS Q&A platform.
All the nodes in an HDInsight cluster are located in an Azure Virtual Network. The nodes can't be directly accessed from the internet. A public gateway provides internet access to the available ports, which are common across all HDInsight cluster types.
This document - Ports used by Apache Hadoop services on HDInsight provides a list of the ports used by Apache Hadoop services running on HDInsight clusters. It also provides information on ports used to connect to the cluster using SSH.
Hope this will help. Please let us know if any further queries.
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