On the SQL Server side it won't break anything. The basic steps are:
- Patch your Secondary/Replica first.
- Do fail-over and make your secondary as Primary.
- Patch the previous primary (currently secondary)
- Do fail-back and make your current secondary as Primary again.
SQL SERVER – How to Apply Patch in AlwaysOn Availability Group Configuration?
https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2017/03/04/sql-server-apply-patch-alwayson-availability-group-configuration/