I can share with you some comparison matrixes to help you find what you need but I don't know if that one comparison matrix that compares them all even exist. Even Azure SQL Database alone has 18 different deployment options, but I hope the following resources help.
- Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. MySQL vs. PostgreSQL.
- Comparison Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL.
- Comparison MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database.
- Azure Database for MySQL vs Azure SQL Database.
- Azure MySQL: MySQL as a Service vs. Self-Managed in the Cloud.
- Azure Database for MySQL vs Azure SQL Managed Instance.
- Feature comparison of Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance and SQL Server on a VM.
- Choose the right PostgreSQL server option in Azure.
- Choose the right MySQL Server option in Azure.
Allow me to recommend you this book Azure for Architects, for the following reasons:
- It suggests you database options to choose bases on architecture.
- For example based on high availability (CosmosDB, SQL Replication, Table Storage)
- Best database for DevOps (PaaS or IaaS) (Chapter 11)
- Chapter 11 all OLTP database options
- Chapter 12 tools for ETL
- Chapter 13. Azure options for Big Data
- Chapters 14-15 options for IoT.
See how they mix Azure products to provide solutions for different scenarios.
Finally, allow me to recommend you this free ebook for Serverless and Microservices. Azure Serverless Computing Cookbook, Third Edition. This will help you decide between Azure CosmosDB (no SQL) and Azure SQL.