Hi, @Stefan Falk
Did the problem arise from the beginning or after the user made any changes on this account?
Did the user enable any email signature in general settings? If yes, please try disable it temporarily then verify the result again.
In addition, we could also try moving the user to another database which will repair the issue of the mailbox, Manage on-premises mailbox moves in Exchange Server
New-MoveRequest -Identity agruber@Company portal .com -PrimaryOnly-TargetDatabase "MBX 02" -BadItemLimit 10
Please also check if there is any error information recorded in event viewer and IIS log.
Here is a thread discussed about the similar issue for your reference as well
Exchange 2013 owa - Email view and sending error
And the link provided in the reply of the thread mentioned this: any server with the MBX role installed, in IIS the OWA virtual directory must have anonymous permissions allow. IIS > Sites > Exchange Back End > owa > Anonymous Authentication enabled.
Another user gives a comment about this: I had the same issue for only one user. IIS had the right permissions. Issue was there were two users in AD with the same LegacyExchangeDN attribute. One account was disabled and the other was the account with the issue. I removed the attribute from the disabled account and now it works.
Please check if above suggestions are helpful to your scenario.
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