Good day,
As you can see in this document, Azure database creates full backups every week, differential backups every 12-24 hours, and transaction log backups every 5 to 10 minutes.
This fit your description if the differential backups is actually done every 12 hours.
I have a DB that frequently hits its max DTU
unexpected performance might occur when full/differential backup running. Execute the following query when the issue appears:
SELECT
r.command, query = a.text, start_time, percent_complete,
eta = dateadd(second,estimated_completion_time/1000, getdate())
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests r
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) a
WHERE r.command IN ('BACKUP DATABASE','BACKUP LOG')