<valarray> operators
operator!=
Tests whether the corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects are unequal, or whether all the elements of a valarray are unequal to a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator!=(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator!=(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator!=(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
A valarray object whose elements are to be tested for inequality against another valarray object, or a value of element type to compare against each element in a valarray.
right
A valarray object whose elements are to be tested for inequality against another valarray object, or a value of element type to compare against each element in a valarray.
Return value
A valarray of Boolean values, each of which is:
trueif the corresponding elements are unequal.falseif the corresponding elements are equal.
Remarks
The first template operator returns an object of class valarray<bool>, each of whose elements I is left[I] != right[I].
The second template operator stores left[I] != right in element I.
The third template operator stores left != right[I] in element I.
Example
// valarray_op_ne.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<bool> vaNE ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -i;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL != vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the not equal comparison test is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 0 1 -2 3 -4 5 -6 7 -8 9 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
The element-by-element result of the not equal comparison test is the
valarray: ( 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 ).
operator%
Obtains the remainder of dividing the corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects, or of dividing a valarray by a specified value, or of dividing a specified value by a valarray.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator%(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator%(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator%(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
A value or valarray that serves as the dividend into which another value or valarray is to be divided.
right
A value or valarray that serves as the divisor and that divides another value or valarray.
Return value
A valarray whose elements are the element-wise remainders of left divided by right.
Example
// valarray_op_rem.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 6 ), vaR ( 6 );
valarray<int> vaREM ( 6 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 53;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 6 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -67;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = 3*i+1;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaREM = ( vaL % vaR );
cout << "The remainders from the element-by-element "
<< "division is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
cout << vaREM [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 53 -67 53 -67 53 -67 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 1 4 7 10 13 16 ).
The remainders from the element-by-element division is the
valarray: ( 0 -3 4 -7 1 -3 ).
operator&
Obtains the bitwise AND between corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects, or between a valarray and a specified value of the element type.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator&(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator&(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator&(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the bitwise AND, or a specified value of the element type to be combined by bitwise AND with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the bitwise AND, or a specified value of the element type to be combined by bitwise AND with each element of a valarray.
Return Value
A valarray whose elements are the element-wise combination of the bitwise AND operation of left and right.
Remarks
A bitwise operation can only be used to manipulate bits in char and int data types and variants and not on float, double, long double, void, bool or other, more complex data types.
The bitwise AND has the same truth table as the logical AND but applies to the data type on the level of the individual bits. The operator&& applies on an element level, counting all nonzero values as true, and the result is a valarray of Boolean values. The bitwise AND operator&, by contrast, can result in a valarray of values other than 0 or 1, depending on the outcome of the bitwise operation.
Example
// valarray_op_bitand.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<int> vaBWA ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 0;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = i+1;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaBWA = ( vaL & vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the bitwise operator & is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaBWA [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 10 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
The element-by-element result of the bitwise operator & is the
valarray: ( 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 8 ).
operator&&
Obtains the logical AND between corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects, or between a valarray and a specified value of the valarray element type.
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator&&(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator&&(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator&&(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the logical AND, or a specified value of the element type to be combined with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the logical AND, or a specified value of the element type to be combined with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray whose elements are of type bool and are the element-wise combination of the logical AND operation of left and right.
Remarks
The logical AND operator&& applies on an element level, counting all nonzero values as true, and the result is a valarray of Boolean values. The bitwise version of AND, operator&, by contrast, can result in a valarray of values other than 0 or 1, depending on the outcome of the bitwise operation.
Example
// valarray_op_logand.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<bool> vaLAA ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 0;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = i-1;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaLAA = ( vaL && vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the logical AND operator&& is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaLAA [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
The element-by-element result of the logical AND operator&& is the
valarray: ( 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ).
operator>
Tests whether the elements of one valarray are greater than the elements of an equally sized valarray, or whether all the elements of a valarray are greater or less than a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator>(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator>(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator>(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be compared, or a specified value to be compared with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be compared, or a specified value to be compared with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray of Boolean values, each of which is:
trueif theleftelement or value is greater than the correspondingrightelement or value.falseif theleftelement or value isn't greater than the correspondingrightelement or value.
Remarks
If the number of elements in the two valarray objects isn't equal, the result is undefined.
Example
// valarray_op_gt.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<bool> vaNE ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -i;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i - 1;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL > vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the greater than comparison test is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 0 1 -2 3 -4 5 -6 7 -8 9 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ).
The element-by-element result of the greater than comparison test is the
valarray: ( 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ).
operator>=
Tests whether the elements of one valarray are greater than or equal to the elements of an equally sized valarray, or whether all the elements of a valarray are greater than or equal to or less than or equal to a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator>=(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator>=(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator>=(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be compared, or a specified value to be compared with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be compared, or a specified value to be compared with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray of Boolean values, each of which is:
trueif theleftelement or value is greater than or equal to the correspondingrightelement or value.falseif theleftelement or value is less than the correspondingrightelement or value.
Remarks
If the number of elements in two valarray objects isn't equal, the result is undefined.
Example
// valarray_op_ge.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<bool> vaNE ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -i;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i - 1;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL >= vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the greater than or equal test is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 0 1 -2 3 -4 5 -6 7 -8 9 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ).
The element-by-element result of the greater than or equal test is the
valarray: ( 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ).
operator>>
Right-shifts the bits for each element of a valarray a specified number of positions, or by an element-wise amount specified by a second valarray.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator>>(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator>>(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator>>(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The value to be shifted, or the valarray whose elements are to be shifted.
right
The value indicating the amount of right shift, or a valarray whose elements indicate the element-wise amount of right shift.
Return value
A valarray whose elements have been shifted right by the specified amount.
Remarks
Signed numbers have their signs preserved.
Example
// valarray_op_rs.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 8 ), vaR ( 8 );
valarray<int> vaNE ( 8 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 64;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -64;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL >> vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the right shift is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 64 -64 64 -64 64 -64 64 -64 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ).
The element-by-element result of the right shift is the
valarray: ( 64 -32 16 -8 4 -2 1 -1 ).
operator<
Tests whether the elements of one valarray are less than the elements of an equally sized valarray, or whether all the elements of a valarray are greater or less than a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator<(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator<(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator<(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be compared, or a specified value to be compared with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be compared, or a specified value to be compared with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray of Boolean values, each of which is:
trueif theleftelement or value is less than the correspondingrightelement or value.falseif theleftelement or value isn't less than the correspondingrightelement or value.
Remarks
If the number of elements in two valarray objects isn't equal, the result is undefined.
Example
// valarray_op_lt.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<bool> vaNE ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -i;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL < vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the less-than comparison test is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 0 1 -2 3 -4 5 -6 7 -8 9 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
The element-by-element result of the less-than comparison test is the
valarray: ( 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 ).
operator<=
Tests whether the elements of one valarray are less than or equal to the elements of an equally sized valarray, or whether all the elements of a valarray are greater than or equal to or less than or equal to a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator<=(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator<=(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator<=(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be compared, or a specified value to be compared with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be compared, or a specified value to be compared with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray of Boolean values, each of which is:
trueif theleftelement or value is less than or equal to the correspondingrightelement or value.falseif theleftelement or value is greater than the correspondingrightelement or value.
Remarks
If the number of elements in two valarray objects isn't equal, the result is undefined.
Example
// valarray_op_le.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<bool> vaNE ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -i;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i - 1;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL <= vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the less than or equal test is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 0 1 -2 3 -4 5 -6 7 -8 9 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ).
The element-by-element result of the less than or equal test is the
valarray: ( 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 ).
operator<<
Left shifts the bits for each element of a valarray a specified number of positions, or by an element-wise amount specified by a second valarray.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator<<(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator<<(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator<<(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The value to be shifted, or the valarray whose elements are to be shifted.
right
The value indicating the amount of left shift, or a valarray whose elements indicate the element-wise amount of left shift.
Return value
A valarray whose elements have been shifted left by the specified amount.
Remarks
Signed numbers have their signs preserved.
Example
// valarray_op_ls.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 8 ), vaR ( 8 );
valarray<int> vaNE ( 8 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 1;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -1;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL << vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the left shift is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ).
The element-by-element result of the left shift is the
valarray: ( 1 -2 4 -8 16 -32 64 -128 ).
operator*
Obtains the element-wise product between corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects, or between a valarray and a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator*(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator*(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator*(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be multiplied, or a specified value to be multiplied with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be multiplied, or a specified value to be multiplied with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray whose elements are the element-wise product of left and right.
Example
// valarray_op_eprod.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 8 ), vaR ( 8 );
valarray<int> vaNE ( 8 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 2;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -1;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL * vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the multiplication is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 2 -1 2 -1 2 -1 2 -1 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ).
The element-by-element result of the multiplication is the
valarray: ( 0 -1 4 -3 8 -5 12 -7 ).
operator+
Obtains the element-wise sum between corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects, or between a valarray and a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator+(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator+(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator+(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be added, or a specified value to be added with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be added, or a specified value to be added with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray whose elements are the element-wise sum of left and right.
Example
// valarray_op_esum.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 8 ), vaR ( 8 );
valarray<int> vaNE ( 8 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 2;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -1;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL + vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the sum is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 2 -1 2 -1 2 -1 2 -1 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ).
The element-by-element result of the sum is the
valarray: ( 2 0 4 2 6 4 8 6 ).
operator-
Obtains the element-wise difference between corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects, or between a valarray and a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator-(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator-(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator-(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
A value or valarray that serves as the minuend, the value from which other values or valarray objects are to be subtracted in forming the difference.
right
A value or valarray that serves as the subtrahend, the value that is to be subtracted from other values or valarray objects in forming the difference.
Return value
A valarray whose elements are the element-wise difference of left and right.
Remarks
The arithmetic terminology used in describing a subtraction:
difference = minuend - subtrahend
Example
// valarray_op_ediff.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 8 ), vaR ( 8 );
valarray<int> vaNE ( 8 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 10;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 0;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL - vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the difference is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ).
The element-by-element result of the difference is the
valarray: ( 10 -1 8 -3 6 -5 4 -7 ).
operator/
Obtains the element-wise quotient between corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects, or between a valarray and a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator/(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator/(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator/(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
A value or valarray that serves as the dividend into which another value or valarray is to be divided in forming the quotient.
right
A value or valarray that serves as the divisor, and that divides another value or valarray in forming the quotient.
Return value
A valarray whose elements are the element-wise quotient of left divided by right.
Remarks
The arithmetic terminology used in describing a division:
quotient = dividend / divisor
Example
// valarray_op_equo.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<double> vaL ( 6 ), vaR ( 6 );
valarray<double> vaNE ( 6 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 100;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 6 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -100;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = 2*i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL / vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the quotient is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 100 -100 100 -100 100 -100 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 2 4 6 8 10 ).
The element-by-element result of the quotient is the
valarray: ( inf -50 25 -16.6667 12.5 -10 ).
operator==
Tests whether the corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects are equal, or whether all the elements of a valarray are equal to a specified value.
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator==(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator==(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator==(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be tested for equality, or a specified value to compare with each valarray element.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose elements are to be tested for equality, or a specified value to compare with each valarray element.
Return Value
A valarray of Boolean values, each of which is:
trueif the corresponding elements are equal.falseif the corresponding elements aren't equal.
Remarks
The first template operator returns an object of class valarray<bool>, each of whose elements I is left[I] == right[I]. The second template operator stores left[I] == right in element I. The third template operator stores left == right[I] in element I.
Example
// valarray_op_eq.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<bool> vaNE ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = -i;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = i;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
vaR [ i ] = i;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaNE = ( vaL == vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the equality comparison test is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaNE [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 0 1 -2 3 -4 5 -6 7 -8 9 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
The element-by-element result of the equality comparison test is the
valarray: ( 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ).
operator^
Obtains the bitwise exclusive OR (XOR) between corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects, or between a valarray and a specified value of the element type.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator^(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator^(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator^(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the bitwise XOR, or a specified value of the element type to be combined by a bitwise XOR with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the bitwise XOR, or a specified value of the element type to be combined by a bitwise XOR with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray whose elements are the element-wise combination of the bitwise XOR operation of left and right.
Remarks
A bitwise operation can only be used to manipulate bits in char and int data types and variants and not on float, double, long double, void, bool or other, more complex data types.
The bitwise exclusive OR (XOR) has the following semantics: Given bits b1 and b2, b1 XOR b2 is 1 if exactly one of the bits is 1; 0 if both bits are 0 or if both bits are 1.
Example
// valarray_op_xor.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<int> vaLAA ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 1;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 0;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 3 )
vaR [ i ] = i;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 3 )
vaR [ i ] = i-1;
for ( i = 2 ; i < 10 ; i += 3 )
vaR [ i ] = i-1;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaLAA = ( vaL ^ vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the bitwise XOR operator^ is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaLAA [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 0 1 3 3 4 6 6 7 9 ).
The element-by-element result of the bitwise XOR operator^ is the
valarray: ( 1 0 0 3 2 4 7 6 6 9 ).
operator|
Obtains the bitwise OR between corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects or between a valarray and a specified value of the element type.
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator|(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator|(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
operator|(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the bitwise OR, or a specified value of the element type to be combined by bitwise OR with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the bitwise OR, or a specified value of the element type to be combined by bitwise OR with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray whose elements are the element-wise combination of the bitwise OR operation of left and right.
Remarks
A bitwise operation can only be used to manipulate bits in char and int data types and variants and not on float, double, long double, void, bool or other, more complex data types.
The bitwise OR has the same truth table as the logical OR, but applies to the data type on the level of the individual bits. Given bits b1 and b2, b1 OR b2 is 1 if at least one of the bits is 1, or 0 if both bits are 0. The logical OR operator|| applies on an element level, counting all nonzero values as true, and the result is a valarray of Boolean values. The bitwise OR operator|, by contrast, can result in a valarray of values other than 0 or 1, depending on the outcome of the bitwise operation.
Example
// valarray_op_bitor.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<int> vaLAA ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 1;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 0;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 3 )
vaR [ i ] = i;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 3 )
vaR [ i ] = i-1;
for ( i = 2 ; i < 10 ; i += 3 )
vaR [ i ] = i-1;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaLAA = ( vaL | vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the bitwise OR operator| is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaLAA [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 0 1 3 3 4 6 6 7 9 ).
The element-by-element result of the bitwise OR operator| is the
valarray: ( 1 0 1 3 3 4 7 6 7 9 ).
operator||
Obtains the logical OR between corresponding elements of two equally sized valarray objects, or between a valarray and a specified value of the valarray element type.
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator||(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator||(
const valarray<Type>& left,
const Type& right);
template <class Type>
valarray<bool>
operator||(
const Type& left,
const valarray<Type>& right);
Parameters
left
The first of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the logical OR, or a specified value of the element type to be combined with each element of a valarray.
right
The second of the two valarray objects whose respective elements are to be combined with the logical OR, or a specified value of the element type to be combined with each element of a valarray.
Return value
A valarray whose elements are of type bool and are the element-wise combination of the logical OR operation of left and right.
Remarks
The logical OR operator|| applies on an element level, counting all nonzero values as true, and the result is a valarray of Boolean values. The bitwise version of OR, operator|, by contrast, can result in a valarray of values other than 0 or 1, depending on the outcome of the bitwise operation.
Example
// valarray_op_logor.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
int main( )
{
using namespace std;
int i;
valarray<int> vaL ( 10 ), vaR ( 10 );
valarray<bool> vaLOR ( 10 );
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = 0;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 2 )
vaL [ i ] = i-1;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i += 3 )
vaR [ i ] = i;
for ( i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i += 3 )
vaR [ i ] = 0;
for ( i = 2 ; i < 10 ; i += 3 )
vaR [ i ] = 0;
cout << "The initial Left valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaL [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
cout << "The initial Right valarray is: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
vaLOR = ( vaL || vaR );
cout << "The element-by-element result of "
<< "the logical OR operator|| is the\n"
<< "valarray: ( ";
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++ )
cout << vaLOR [ i ] << " ";
cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial Left valarray is: ( 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 ).
The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 0 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 9 ).
The element-by-element result of the logical OR operator|| is the
valarray: ( 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 ).