Visualize and Understand Code with Code Maps in Visual Studio

You can map relationships in code with Visual Studio Ultimate. When you create code maps, they appear next to the code editor. This lets you focus on your task because you can see your place in the code while you work.

Code maps show relationships in your code and appear next to the code editor. A green arrow shows your cursor’s position in the code. You can make notes on a map, just like on paper.

Code maps help you avoid getting lost in large code bases, unfamiliar code, or legacy code. For example, when you’re debugging, you might have to look at code across many files and projects. Code maps help you navigate around these pieces of code and see relationships between them. You don't have to remember all this code, keep track of files, or draw a separate paper diagram. If you have to interrupt your work, code maps help refresh your memory about the code you're working on.

Watch code maps in action: Understanding complex code with code map (Channel 9)

Requirements

• Visual Studio 2012.1 and one of these editions:

  • Visual Studio 2012 Ultimate to create code maps from the code editor or from Solution Explorer.

    Note

    Before you share maps with others who use Premium or Professional, make sure that all the items on the map are visible, such as hidden items, expanded groups, and cross-group links.

  • Visual Studio 2012 Premium or Visual Studio 2012 Professional to open code maps, make limited edits, and navigate code.

• A solution with Visual C# .NET or Visual Basic .NET code

Understand the problem

Suppose there's a bug in a drawing program that you're working on. To reproduce the bug, you open the solution in Visual Studio Ultimate and press F5 to start debugging.

When you draw a line and choose Undo my last stroke, nothing happens until you draw the next line.

So you start investigating by searching for the Undo method. You find it in the PaintCanvas class.

Start mapping the code

Now you start mapping the undo method and its relationships. From the code editor, you add the undo method and the fields that it references to a new code map. When you create a new map, it might take some time to index the code. This helps later operations run faster.

Navigate and examine code from the map

To see the code definition for each field, double-click the field on the map, or choose the field and press F12. The green arrow moves between items on the map. Your cursor in the code editor also moves automatically.

Understand relationships between pieces of code

Now you want to know which other code interacts with the history and paintObjects fields. You can add all the methods that reference these fields to the map. You can do this from the map or from the code.

Change the layout to rearrange the flow of relationships and make the map easier to read. You can also move items around the map by dragging them.

Let's examine these methods. On the map, double-click the PaintCanvas method, or choose this method and press F12. You learn that this method creates history and paintObjects as empty lists.

Now repeat the same steps to examine the clear method definition. You learn that clear performs some tasks with paintObjects and history. It then calls the Repaint method.

Now examine the addPaintObject method definition. It also performs some tasks with history and paintObjects. It also calls Repaint.

Find the problem by examining the map

It seems that all the methods that modify history and paintObjects call Repaint. Yet the undo method doesn't call Repaint, even though undo modifies the same fields. So you think you can fix this problem by calling Repaint from undo.

If you didn't have a map to show you this missing call, it might have been harder to find this problem, especially with more complex code.

Share your discovery and next steps

Before you or someone else fixes this bug, you can make notes on the map about the problem and how to fix it.

For example, you can add comments to the map and flag items using colors.

If you have Microsoft Outlook installed, you can email the map to others. You can also export the map as an image or another format.

Fix the problem and show what you did

To fix this bug, you add the call for Repaint to undo.

To confirm your fix, you restart your debugging session and try to reproduce the bug. Now choosing Undo my last stroke works as you expect and confirms you made the correct fix.

You can update the map to show the fix you made.

Your map now shows a link between undo and Repaint.

Now you’re done with your investigation. You successfully found and fixed the problem by mapping the code. You also have a map that helps you navigate around the code, remember what you learned, and shows the steps you took to fix the problem.

See Also

Concepts

Visualize and Debug Code Execution with Call Stacks in Visual Studio

Visualizing and Understanding Code