Pointer types (C# Programming Guide)
In an unsafe context, a type may be a pointer type as well as a value type or a reference type. A pointer type declaration takes one of the following forms:
unmanaged type* identifier;
void* identifier;
Parameters
unmanaged type
One of the following:
sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char, float, double, decimal, or bool.
Any enum type.
Any pointer type.
Any user-defined struct type that contains fields of unmanaged types only.
- identifier
The pointer variable name.
Remarks
Pointer types do not inherit from object and no conversions exist between pointer types and object. Also, boxing and unboxing do not support pointers. However, you can convert between different pointer types and between pointer types and integral types.
When you declare multiple pointers in the same declaration, the * is written along with the underlying type only, not as a prefix to each pointer name. For example:
int* p1, p2, p3; // Ok
int *p1, *p2, *p3; // Invalid in C#
A pointer cannot point to a reference or to a struct that contains references because the garbage collector doesn't know anything about pointers, but it does know about references.
The value of the pointer variable of type myType* is the address of a variable of type myType. The following are examples of pointer type declarations:
| Example | Description |
|---|---|
|
p is a pointer to an integer |
|
p is a pointer to pointer to an integer |
|
p is a single-dimensional array of pointers to integers |
|
p is a pointer to a char |
|
p is a pointer to an unknown type |
The pointer indirection operator * can be used to access the contents at the location pointed to by the pointer variable. For example, for the following declaration,
int* myVariable;
the expression *myVariable denotes the int variable found at the address contained in myVariable.
You cannot apply the indirection operator to a pointer of type void*. However, you can use a cast to convert a void pointer to any other pointer type, and vice versa.
A pointer can be null. Applying the indirection operator to a null pointer results in an implementation-defined behavior.
Be aware that passing pointers between methods can cause undefined behavior. Examples are returning a pointer to a local variable via an Out or Ref parameter or as the function result. If the pointer was set in a fixed block, the variable to which it points may no longer be fixed.
The following table lists the operators and statements that can operate on pointers in an unsafe context:
| Operator/Statement | Use |
|---|---|
* |
to perform pointer indirection. |
-> |
to access a member of a struct through a pointer. |
[] |
to index a pointer. |
|
to obtain the address of a variable. |
++ and -- |
to increment and decrement pointers. |
+ and - |
to perform pointer arithmetic. |
==, !=, <, >, <=, and >= |
to compare pointers. |
stackalloc |
to allocate memory on the stack. |
fixed statement |
to temporarily fix a variable in order that its address may be found. |
C# Language Specification
For more information, see the following section in the C# Language Specification:
- 18 Unsafe Code
See Also
Reference
Pointer Conversions (C# Programming Guide)
Pointer Expressions (C# Programming Guide)
unsafe (C# Reference)
fixed Statement (C# Reference)
stackalloc (C# Reference)
Concepts
C# Programming Guide
Unsafe Code and Pointers (C# Programming Guide)
Boxing and Unboxing (C# Programming Guide)