Editions and supported features of SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on Linux
Applies to: 
SQL Server - Linux
This article provides details of features supported by the various editions of SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on Linux.
For editions and supported features of SQL Server on Windows, see Editions and supported features of SQL Server 2022. For more information on what's new in SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on Windows, see What's new in SQL Server 2022 (16.x).
Installation requirements vary based on your application needs. The different editions of SQL Server accommodate the unique performance, runtime, and price requirements of organizations and individuals. The SQL Server components that you install also depend on your specific requirements. The following sections help you understand how to make the best choice among the editions and components available in SQL Server.
For the latest release notes and what's new information, see Release notes for SQL Server 2022 on Linux.
For a list of SQL Server features not available on Linux, see Unsupported features and services.
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SQL Server editions
The following table describes the editions of SQL Server.
| Edition | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enterprise | The premium offering, SQL Server Enterprise edition delivers comprehensive high-end datacenter capabilities with blazing-fast performance, unlimited virtualization 1, and end-to-end business intelligence, enabling high service levels for mission-critical workloads and end-user access to data insights. Enterprise edition is available for evaluation. An evaluation deployment is available for 180 days. For more information, see SQL Server Licensing Resources and Documents. |
| Standard | SQL Server Standard edition delivers basic data management and business intelligence database for departments and small organizations to run their applications and supports common development tools for on-premises and cloud, enabling effective database management with minimal IT resources. |
| Web | SQL Server Web edition is a low total-cost-of-ownership option for Web hosters (including choosing Web edition on IaaS on Azure) and Web VAPs to provide scalability, affordability, and manageability capabilities for small to large-scale Web properties. |
| Developer | SQL Server Developer edition lets developers build any kind of application on top of SQL Server. It includes all the functionality of Enterprise edition, but is licensed for use as a development and test system, not as a production server. SQL Server Developer is an ideal choice for people who build and test applications. |
| Express edition | SQL Server Express edition is the entry-level, free database and is ideal for learning and building desktop and small server data-driven applications. It is the best choice for independent software vendors, developers, and hobbyists building client applications. If you need more advanced database features, SQL Server Express can be seamlessly upgraded to other higher end versions of SQL Server. SQL Server Express LocalDB is a lightweight version of Express edition that has all of its programmability features, runs in user mode and has a fast, zero-configuration installation and a short list of prerequisites. |
1 Unlimited virtualization is available on Enterprise edition for customers with Software Assurance. Deployments must comply with the licensing guide. For more information, see SQL Server Licensing Resources and Documents.
Use SQL Server with client/server applications
You can install just the SQL Server client components on a computer that is running client/server applications that connect directly to an instance of SQL Server. A client components installation is also a good option if you administer an instance of SQL Server on a database server, or if you plan to develop SQL Server applications.
SQL Server components
SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on Linux supports the SQL Server Database Engine. The following table describes the features in the Database Engine.
| Server components | Description |
|---|---|
| SQL Server Database Engine | SQL Server Database Engine includes the Database Engine, the core service for storing, processing, and securing data, replication, Full-Text Search, tools for managing relational and XML data, and in database analytics integration. |
Developer, Enterprise Core, and Evaluation editions
For features supported by Developer, Enterprise Core, and Evaluation editions, see features listed for the SQL Server Enterprise edition in the following tables.
The Developer edition continues to support only one client for SQL Server Distributed Replay.
Scale limits
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum compute capacity used by a single instance - SQL Server Database Engine 1 | Operating system maximum | Limited to lesser of 4 sockets or 24 cores | Limited to lesser of 4 sockets or 16 cores | Limited to lesser of 1 socket or 4 cores |
| Maximum compute capacity used by a single instance - Analysis Services or Reporting Services | Operating system maximum | Limited to lesser of 4 sockets or 24 cores | Limited to lesser of 4 sockets or 16 cores | Limited to lesser of 1 socket or 4 cores |
| Maximum memory for buffer pool per instance of SQL Server Database Engine | Operating system maximum | 128 GB | 64 GB | 1,410 MB |
| Maximum capacity for buffer pool extension per instance of SQL Server Database Engine | 32 * (max server memory configuration) | 4 * (max server memory configuration) | N/A | N/A |
| Maximum memory for Columnstore segment cache per instance of SQL Server Database Engine | Unlimited memory | 32 GB | 16 GB | 352 MB |
| Maximum memory-optimized data size per database in SQL Server Database Engine | Unlimited memory | 32 GB | 16 GB | 352 MB |
| Maximum relational database size | 524 PB | 524 PB | 524 PB | 10 GB |
1 Enterprise edition with Server + Client Access License (CAL) based licensing (not available for new agreements) is limited to a maximum of 20 cores per SQL Server instance. There are no limits under the Core-based Server Licensing model. For more information, see Compute capacity limits by edition of SQL Server.
RDBMS high availability
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Log shipping | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Backup compression | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Database snapshot | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Always On failover cluster instance 1 | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Always On availability groups 2 | Yes | No | No | No |
| Basic availability groups 3 | No | Yes | No | No |
| Minimum replica commit availability group | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Clusterless availability group | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Online page and file restore | Yes | No | No | No |
| Online indexing | Yes | No | No | No |
| Resumable online index rebuilds | Yes | No | No | No |
| Online schema change | Yes | No | No | No |
| Fast recovery | Yes | No | No | No |
| Mirrored backups | Yes | No | No | No |
| Hot add memory and CPU | Yes | No | No | No |
| Encrypted backup | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Hybrid backup to Azure (backup to URL) | Yes | Yes | No | No |
1 On Enterprise edition, the number of nodes is the operating system maximum. On Standard edition, there's support for two nodes.
2 On Enterprise edition, provides support for up to 8 secondary replicas - including 2 synchronous secondary replicas.
3 Standard edition supports basic availability groups. A basic availability group supports two replicas, with one database. For more information about basic availability groups, see Basic Always On availability groups for a single database.
RDBMS scalability and performance
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Columnstore 1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Large object binaries in clustered columnstore indexes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Online nonclustered columnstore index rebuild | Yes | No | No | No |
| In-Memory OLTP 1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Persistent Main Memory | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Table and index partitioning | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Data compression | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Resource Governor | Yes | No | No | No |
| Partitioned Table Parallelism | Yes | No | No | No |
| NUMA Aware and Large Page Memory and Buffer Array Allocation | Yes | No | No | No |
| IO Resource Governance | Yes | No | No | No |
| Delayed Durability | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Automatic tuning | Yes | No | No | No |
| Batch Mode Adaptive Joins | Yes | No | No | No |
| Batch Mode Memory Grant Feedback | Yes | No | No | No |
| Interleaved Execution for Multi-Statement Table Valued Functions | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bulk insert improvements | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
1 In-Memory OLTP data size and columnstore segment cache are limited to the amount of memory specified by edition in the Scale limits section. The max degree of parallelism is limited. The degree of process parallelism (DOP) for an index build is limited to 2 DOP for the Standard edition and 1 DOP for the Web and Express editions. This refers to columnstore indexes created over disk-based tables and memory-optimized tables.
RDBMS security
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Row-level security | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Always Encrypted | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Dynamic data masking | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Basic auditing | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Fine-grained auditing | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Transparent database encryption (TDE) | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Extensible Key Management (EKM) using Azure Key Vault 1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| User-defined roles | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Contained databases | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Encryption for backups | Yes | Yes | No | No |
1 EKM using Azure Key Vault is available for SQL Server on Linux, starting with SQL Server 2022 (16.x) CU 12. For more information, see Set up SQL Server TDE Extensible Key Management by using Azure Key Vault.
RDBMS manageability
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dedicated admin connection | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes 1 |
| PowerShell scripting support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Support for data-tier application component operations - extract, deploy, upgrade, delete | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Policy automation (check on schedule and change) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Performance data collector | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Standard performance reports | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Plan guides and plan freezing for plan guides | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Direct query of indexed views (using NOEXPAND hint) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Automatic indexed views maintenance | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Distributed partitioned views | Yes | No | No | No |
| Parallel index operations | Yes | No | No | No |
| Automatic use of indexed view by query optimizer | Yes | No | No | No |
| Parallel consistency check | Yes | No | No | No |
| SQL Server Utility Control Point | Yes | No | No | No |
1 With trace flag.
Programmability
| Feature | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JSON | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Query Store | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Temporal | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Native XML support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| XML indexing | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| MERGE and UPSERT capabilities | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Date and time data types | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Internationalization support | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Full-text and semantic search | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Specification of language in query | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Service Broker (messaging) | Yes | Yes | No 1 | No 1 |
| Transact-SQL endpoints | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Graph | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
1 Client only.
Integration Services
For info about the Integration Services (SSIS) features supported by the editions of SQL Server, see Integration Services features supported by the editions of SQL Server.
Spatial and location services
| Feature name | Enterprise | Standard | Web | Express |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spatial indexes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Planar and geodetic data types | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Advanced spatial libraries | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Import/export of industry-standard spatial data formats | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Unsupported features and services
The following features and services aren't available for SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on Linux. The support of these features will be increasingly enabled over time.
| Area | Unsupported feature or service | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Database engine | Merge replication | |
| Stretch DB | This feature is deprecated in SQL Server 2022 (16.x), and isn't supported. | |
| Distributed query with third-party connections | ||
| Linked servers to data sources other than SQL Server | Install PolyBase on Linux to query other data sources from SQL Server using Transact-SQL syntax. For scenarios where PolyBase isn't helpful, submit feedback to the Microsoft Azure forum. | |
System extended stored procedures (xp_cmdshell, etc.) |
This feature is deprecated. If you have specific requirements, submit feedback to the Microsoft Azure forum. | |
| FileTable, FILESTREAM | If you have specific requirements, submit feedback to the Microsoft Azure forum. | |
CLR assemblies with the EXTERNAL_ACCESS or UNSAFE permission set |
||
| Buffer Pool Extension | ||
| Backup to URL - page blob | Backup to URL is supported for block blobs, using the Shared Access Signature. | |
| SQL Server Agent | Subsystems: CmdExec, PowerShell, Queue Reader, SSIS, SSAS, SSRS | |
| Alerts | ||
| Managed Backup | ||
| High Availability | Database mirroring | This feature is deprecated. Use Always On availability groups instead. |
| Security | Extensible Key Management (EKM) | Extensible Key Management using Azure Key Vault is available for SQL Server on Linux environments, starting with SQL Server 2022 (16.x) CU 12. Follow the instructions from Step 5: Configure SQL Server onward. |
| Windows integrated authentication for linked servers | ||
| Windows integrated authentication for availability group (AG) endpoints | Create and use certificate based endpoint authentication for availability groups. For more information, see Configure SQL Server Always On Availability Group for high availability on Linux. | |
| Always Encrypted with secure enclaves | ||
| TLS 1.3 | ||
| Services | SQL Server Browser | |
| SQL Server R services | SQL Server R is supported within SQL Server, but SQL Server R services as a separate package isn't supported. You can install Machine Learning Services on Linux for SQL Server 2019 and SQL Server 2022. |
|
| Analysis Services | ||
| Reporting Services | Configure Power BI Report Server catalog databases for SQL Server on Linux. Run SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) on Windows, and host the catalog databases for SSRS on SQL Server on Linux deployments. | |
| Data Quality Services | ||
| Master Data Services |
Note
The latest SQL Server 2022 (16.x) features that depend on Azure Arc agent, including Microsoft Entra Authentication (previously known as Azure Active Directory authentication), Microsoft Purview, Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) for SQL Server, and Defender integration, are currently not supported for SQL Server deployed in containers. SQL Server enabled by Azure Arc doesn't support SQL Server running in containers.
For a list of features supported by the editions of SQL Server on Windows, see:
- Editions and supported features of SQL Server 2022
- Editions and supported features of SQL Server 2019
- Editions and supported features of SQL Server 2017
- Editions and supported features of SQL Server 2016