Programa C de ejemplo: Operaciones de almacén de certificados del mismo nivel y recopilación
En el ejemplo siguiente se muestra el concepto del almacén de colecciones, un almacén de certificados temporal que incluye realmente el contenido de varios almacenes de certificados. Se pueden agregar uno o más almacenes a una colección que pueda tener acceso al contenido de cualquiera de los almacenes de la colección con una sola llamada de función.
En este ejemplo se muestran las siguientes tareas y funciones CryptoAPI :
- Abrir y cerrar un almacén de colecciones, un almacén de memoria y un almacén del sistema mediante CertOpenStore y CertCloseStore.
- Agregar un almacén relacionado a un almacén de recopilación mediante CertAddStoreToCollection.
- Búsqueda de certificados y vínculos a certificados en almacenes que cumplen algunos criterios mediante CertFindCertificateInStore.
- Agregar un certificado recuperado a un almacén en memoria mediante CertAddCertificateContextToStore.
- Agregar un vínculo a un certificado a un almacén mediante CertAddCertificateLinkToStore.
- Guardar el almacén en memoria en un archivo en el disco.
- Abrir y cerrar un almacén de certificados basado en archivos.
- Quitar un almacén relacionado de una colección mediante CertRemoveStoreFromCollection.
En este ejemplo se usa la función MyHandleError. El código de esta función se incluye con el ejemplo. El código de esta y otras funciones auxiliares también se muestra en De uso general Functions.
En este ejemplo se usa la función CreateMyDACL , definida en el tema Creación de una DACL , para asegurarse de que el archivo abierto se crea con una DACL adecuada.
En el ejemplo siguiente se abre un almacén de colecciones, se crea un nuevo almacén de certificados en la memoria y se agrega el nuevo almacén como almacén relacionado al almacén de recopilación. A continuación, el programa abre un almacén del sistema y recupera un certificado. Ese certificado se agrega al almacén de memoria. Se recupera un segundo certificado del almacén del sistema y se agrega un vínculo a ese certificado al almacén de memoria. A continuación, el certificado y el vínculo se recuperan del almacén de recopilación que muestra que los certificados y vínculos de un almacén relacionado se pueden recuperar del almacén de recopilación. La memoria se guarda en el disco. A continuación, el almacén de memoria se quita de la colección. El vínculo agregado al almacén de memoria todavía se puede encontrar en el almacén de memoria, pero ya no se puede encontrar en el almacén de recopilación. Se cierran todos los almacenes y archivos y, a continuación, se vuelve a abrir el almacén de archivos y se realiza una búsqueda para el vínculo del certificado. El éxito de este programa depende de que mi tienda esté disponible. Ese almacén debe incluir un certificado con el asunto "Insert_cert_subject_name1" y un segundo certificado con el asunto "Insert_cert_subject_name2". Los nombres de los sujetos deben cambiarse a los nombres de los sujetos de certificado que se sabe que están en mi almacén.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <Wincrypt.h>
#define MY_ENCODING_TYPE (PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING | X509_ASN_ENCODING)
void MyHandleError(char *s);
void main(void)
{
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (C) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
// Declare and initialize variables.
HCERTSTORE hCollectionStore; // Collection store
// handle
HCERTSTORE hSystemStore; // System store handle
HCERTSTORE hMemoryStore; // Memory store handle
PCCERT_CONTEXT pDesiredCert = NULL; // Set to NULL for the first
// call to
// CertFindCertificateInStore
HANDLE hStoreFileHandle ; // Output file handle
LPWSTR pszFileName = L"TestStor.sto"; // Output file name
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa; // for DACL
LPWSTR pswzFirstCert = L"Insert_cert_subject_name1";
// Subject of the first
// certificate
LPWSTR pswzSecondCert = L"Insert_cert_subject_name2";
// Subject of the second
// certificate
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Open a collection certificate store.
if(hCollectionStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_COLLECTION, // Collection store
0, // Encoding type
// Not used with a collection store
NULL, // Use the default provider
0, // No flags
NULL)) // Not needed
{
printf("Opened a collection store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError( "Error opening the collection store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Open a new certificate store in memory.
if(hMemoryStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, // Memory store
0, // Encoding type
// not used with a memory store
NULL, // Use the default provider
0, // No flags
NULL)) // Not needed
{
printf("Opened a memory store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError( "Error opening a memory store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Open the My system store using CertOpenStore.
if(hSystemStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, // System store will be a
// virtual store
0, // Encoding type not needed
// with this PROV
NULL, // Accept the default HCRYPTPROV
CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER,
L"MY")) // System store name
{
printf("Opened the My system store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError( "Could not open the My system store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get a certificate that has the string
// "Insert_cert_subject_name1" in its subject.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hSystemStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzFirstCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found. \n",pswzFirstCert);
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not find the desired certificate.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// pDesiredCert is a pointer to a certificate with a subject that
// includes the string passed as parameter five to the function.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add the certificate from the My store to the memory store.
if(CertAddCertificateContextToStore(
hMemoryStore, // Store handle
pDesiredCert, // Pointer to a certificate
CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
NULL))
{
printf("Certificate added to the memory store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not add the certificate to the "
"memory store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add the memory store as a sibling to the collection store.
// All certificates in the memory store will now be available in
// the collection store. Any new certificates added to the memory
// store will also be available in the collection store.
if(CertAddStoreToCollection(
hCollectionStore,
hMemoryStore,
CERT_PHYSICAL_STORE_ADD_ENABLE_FLAG,// New certificates can be
// added to the sibling store
1)) // The sibling store's
// priority
// because this store has
// the highest priority,
// certificates added to
// the collection store will
// actually be stored in this
// store
{
printf("The memory store is added to the collection store.\n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("The memory store was not added "
"to the collection.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find a different certificate in the My store, and add, to the
// memory store, a link to that certificate.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hSystemStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzSecondCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found. \n",pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not find the second certificate.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add a link to a second certificate from the My store to the new
// memory store.
if(CertAddCertificateLinkToStore(
hMemoryStore, // store handle
pDesiredCert, // pointer to a certificate
CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
NULL))
{
printf("%S link added to the memory store. \n",pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not add the certificate link to the "
"memory store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the first certificate in the memory store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hMemoryStore, // Store handle
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzFirstCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found in the "
"memory store. \n",pswzFirstCert);
}
else
{
printf("The %S certificate was not in the "
"memory store.\n", pswzFirstCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find that same certificate in the collection store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hCollectionStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzFirstCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found in the "
"collection store. \n", pswzFirstCert);
}
else
{
printf("The %S certificate was not in the "
"memory collection.\n", pswzFirstCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the certificate link in the memory store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hCollectionStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // Mo dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzSecondCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S link was found in the "
"collection store. \n", pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("The %S certificate link was not in the "
"memory store.\n", pswzSecondCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create a file to save the new store and certificate into.
// Create a DACL for the file.
sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
sa.bInheritHandle = FALSE;
// Call function to set the DACL. The DACL
// is set in the SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
// lpSecurityDescriptor member.
// if CreateMyDACL(&sa) fails, call MyHandleError("CreateMyDACL failed.")
if(hStoreFileHandle = CreateFile(
pszFileName, // File path
GENERIC_WRITE, // Access mode
0, // Share mode
&sa, // Security
CREATE_ALWAYS, // How to create the file
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, // File attributes
NULL)) // File template
{
printf("Created a new file on disk. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not create a file on disk.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// hStoreFileHandle is the output file handle.
// Save the memory store and its certificate to the output file.
if( CertSaveStore(
hMemoryStore, // Store handle
0, // Encoding type not needed here
CERT_STORE_SAVE_AS_STORE,
CERT_STORE_SAVE_TO_FILE,
hStoreFileHandle, // The handle of an open disk file
0)) // dwFlags--no flags are needed here
{
printf("Saved the memory store to disk. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not save the memory store to disk.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Remove the sibling store from the collection.
// CertRemoveStoreFromCollection returns void.
printf("\nRemoving the memory store from the collection.\n");
CertRemoveStoreFromCollection(
hCollectionStore,
hMemoryStore);
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the link in the memory store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hMemoryStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzSecondCert, // Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S link is still in the "
"memory store. \n", pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("The certificate link was not in the "
"memory store.\n");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Try to find certificate link in the collection store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hCollectionStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE,
0,
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR,
pswzSecondCert,
NULL))
{
printf("The %S link was found in the "
"collection store. \n", pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("Removing the store from the collection worked.\n");
printf("The %S link is not in the "
"collection store.\n",pswzSecondCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Close the stores and the file. Reopen the file store,
// and check its contents.
if(hMemoryStore)
CertCloseStore(
hMemoryStore,
CERT_CLOSE_STORE_CHECK_FLAG);
if(hSystemStore)
CertCloseStore(
hSystemStore,
CERT_CLOSE_STORE_CHECK_FLAG);
if(hStoreFileHandle)
CloseHandle(hStoreFileHandle);
printf("All of the stores and files are closed. \n");
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Reopen the file store.
if(hMemoryStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_FILENAME, // Store provider type
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // If needed, use the usual
// encoding types
NULL, // Use the default HCRYPTPROV
0, // Accept the default for all
// dwFlags
L"TestStor.sto" )) // The name of an existing file
// as a Unicode string
{
printf("The file store has been reopened. \n");
}
else
{
printf("The file store could not be reopened. \n");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the certificate link in the reopened file store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hMemoryStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE,
0,
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR,
pswzSecondCert,
NULL))
{
printf("The %S certificate link was found in the "
"file store. \n",pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("The certificate link was not in the file store.\n");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Clean up memory and end.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(hMemoryStore)
CertCloseStore(
hMemoryStore,
CERT_CLOSE_STORE_CHECK_FLAG);
printf("All of the stores and files are closed. \n");
} // End of main
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// This example uses the function MyHandleError, a simple error
// handling function, to print an error message to the standard error
// (stderr) file and exit the program.
// For most applications, replace this function with one
// that does more extensive error reporting.
void MyHandleError(char *s)
{
fprintf(stderr,"An error occurred in running the program. \n");
fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",s);
fprintf(stderr, "Error number %x.\n", GetLastError());
fprintf(stderr, "Program terminating. \n");
exit(1);
} // End of MyHandleError