Créer des machines virtuelles dans un groupe identique à l’aide d’Azure CLI

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Cet article explique comment créer un groupe identique de machines virtuelles à l’aide d’Azure CLI.

Assurez-vous que vous avez installé la dernière version d’Azure CLI et que vous êtes connecté à un compte Azure avec az login.

Lancement d’Azure Cloud Shell

Azure Cloud Shell est un interpréteur de commandes interactif et gratuit que vous pouvez utiliser pour exécuter les étapes de cet article. Il contient des outils Azure courants préinstallés et configurés pour être utilisés avec votre compte.

Pour ouvrir Cloud Shell, sélectionnez Ouvrir Cloud Shell en haut à droite d’un bloc de code. Vous pouvez aussi lancer Cloud Shell dans un onglet distinct du navigateur en accédant à https://shell.azure.com/cli. Sélectionnez Copier pour copier les blocs de code, collez-les dans Cloud Shell, puis appuyez sur Entrée pour les exécuter.

Définissez des variables d’environnement

Définissez des variables d’environnement comme suit.

export RANDOM_ID="$(openssl rand -hex 3)"
export MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME="myVMSSResourceGroup$RANDOM_ID"
export REGION=EastUS
export MY_VMSS_NAME="myVMSS$RANDOM_ID"
export MY_USERNAME=azureuser
export MY_VM_IMAGE="Ubuntu2204"
export MY_VNET_NAME="myVNet$RANDOM_ID"
export NETWORK_PREFIX="$(($RANDOM % 254 + 1))"
export MY_VNET_PREFIX="10.$NETWORK_PREFIX.0.0/16"
export MY_VM_SN_NAME="myVMSN$RANDOM_ID"
export MY_VM_SN_PREFIX="10.$NETWORK_PREFIX.0.0/24"
export MY_APPGW_SN_NAME="myAPPGWSN$RANDOM_ID"
export MY_APPGW_SN_PREFIX="10.$NETWORK_PREFIX.1.0/24"
export MY_APPGW_NAME="myAPPGW$RANDOM_ID"
export MY_APPGW_PUBLIC_IP_NAME="myAPPGWPublicIP$RANDOM_ID"

Créer un groupe de ressources

Un groupe de ressources est un conteneur logique dans lequel les ressources Azure sont déployées et gérées. Toutes les ressources doivent être placées dans un groupe de ressources. La commande suivante crée un groupe de ressources avec les paramètres $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME et $REGION précédemment définis.

az group create --name $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --location $REGION -o JSON

Résultats :

{
  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
  "location": "eastus",
  "managedBy": null,
  "name": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
  "properties": {
    "provisioningState": "Succeeded"
  },
  "tags": null,
  "type": "Microsoft.Resources/resourceGroups"
}

Créer des ressources réseau

Vous allez à présent créer des ressources réseau. Lors de cette étape, vous allez créer un réseau virtuel, un sous-réseau 1 pour la passerelle Application Gateway et un sous-réseau pour les machines virtuelles. Vous devez également disposer d’une adresse IP publique à attacher à votre passerelle Application Gateway pour accéder à votre application web à partir d’Internet.

Créer un réseau virtuel et un sous-réseau

az network vnet create  --name $MY_VNET_NAME  --resource-group $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --location $REGION  --address-prefix $MY_VNET_PREFIX  --subnet-name $MY_VM_SN_NAME --subnet-prefix $MY_VM_SN_PREFIX -o JSON

Résultats :

{
  "newVNet": {
    "addressSpace": {
      "addressPrefixes": [
        "10.X.0.0/16"
      ]
    },
    "enableDdosProtection": false,
    "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
    "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/myVNetxxxxxx",
    "location": "eastus",
    "name": "myVNetxxxxxx",
    "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
    "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
    "resourceGuid": "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
    "subnets": [
      {
        "addressPrefix": "10.X.0.0/24",
        "delegations": [],
        "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
        "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/myVNetxxxxxx/subnets/myVMSNxxxxxx", 
        "name": "myVMSNxxxxxx",
        "privateEndpointNetworkPolicies": "Disabled",
        "privateLinkServiceNetworkPolicies": "Enabled",
        "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
        "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets"
      }
    ],
    "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
    "virtualNetworkPeerings": []
  }
}

Créer des ressources Application Gateway

Azure Application Gateway nécessite un sous-réseau dédié au sein de votre réseau virtuel. La commande suivante crée un sous-réseau nommé $MY_APPGW_SN_NAME avec le préfixe spécifié de l’adresse nommé $MY_APPGW_SN_PREFIX dans votre réseau virtuel $MY_VNET_NAME.

az network vnet subnet create  --name $MY_APPGW_SN_NAME  --resource-group $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --vnet-name  $MY_VNET_NAME --address-prefix  $MY_APPGW_SN_PREFIX -o JSON

Résultats :

{
  "addressPrefix": "10.66.1.0/24",
  "delegations": [],
  "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/myVNetxxxxxx/subnets/myAPPGWSNxxxxxx",    
  "name": "myAPPGWSNxxxxxx",
  "privateEndpointNetworkPolicies": "Disabled",
  "privateLinkServiceNetworkPolicies": "Enabled",
  "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
  "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
  "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets"
}

La commande suivante crée une adresse IPv4 standard, redondante interzone, statique et publique dans votre groupe de ressources.

az network public-ip create  --resource-group $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --name $MY_APPGW_PUBLIC_IP_NAME --sku Standard   --location $REGION  --allocation-method static --version IPv4 --zone 1 2 3 -o JSON

Résultats :

{
  "publicIp": {
    "ddosSettings": {
      "protectionMode": "VirtualNetworkInherited"
    },
    "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
    "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses//myAPPGWPublicIPxxxxxx",
    "idleTimeoutInMinutes": 4,
    "ipAddress": "X.X.X.X",
    "ipTags": [],
    "location": "eastus",
    "name": "/myAPPGWPublicIPxxxxxx",
    "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
    "publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
    "publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static",
    "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
    "resourceGuid": "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
    "sku": {
      "name": "Standard",
      "tier": "Regional"
    },
    "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
    "zones": [
      "1",
      "2",
      "3"
    ]
  }
}

Lors de cette étape, vous allez créer une passerelle Application Gateway à intégrer à votre groupe de machines virtuelles identiques. Cet exemple crée une passerelle Application Gateway redondante interzone, avec une référence SKU Standard_v2, tout en activant la communication HTTP pour Application Gateway. L’adresse IP publique $MY_APPGW_PUBLIC_IP_NAME créée à l’étape précédente est attachée à la passerelle Application Gateway.

az network application-gateway create   --name $MY_APPGW_NAME --location $REGION --resource-group $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --vnet-name $MY_VNET_NAME --subnet $MY_APPGW_SN_NAME --capacity 2  --zones 1 2 3 --sku Standard_v2   --http-settings-cookie-based-affinity Disabled   --frontend-port 80 --http-settings-port 80   --http-settings-protocol Http --public-ip-address $MY_APPGW_PUBLIC_IP_NAME --priority 1001 -o JSON

{
  "applicationGateway": {
    "backendAddressPools": [
      {
        "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
        "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/backendAddressPools/appGatewayBackendPool",
        "name": "appGatewayBackendPool",
        "properties": {
          "backendAddresses": [],
          "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
          "requestRoutingRules": [
            {
              "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/requestRoutingRules/rule1",
              "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
            }
          ]
        },
        "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendAddressPools"
      }
    ],
    "backendHttpSettingsCollection": [
      {
        "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
        "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/backendHttpSettingsCollection/appGatewayBackendHttpSettings",
        "name": "appGatewayBackendHttpSettings",
        "properties": {
          "connectionDraining": {
            "drainTimeoutInSec": 1,
            "enabled": false
          },
          "cookieBasedAffinity": "Disabled",
          "pickHostNameFromBackendAddress": false,
          "port": 80,
          "protocol": "Http",
          "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
          "requestRoutingRules": [
            {
              "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/requestRoutingRules/rule1",
              "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
            }
          ],
          "requestTimeout": 30
        },
        "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendHttpSettingsCollection"
      }
    ],
    "backendSettingsCollection": [],
    "frontendIPConfigurations": [
      {
        "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
        "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/frontendIPConfigurations/appGatewayFrontendIP",
        "name": "appGatewayFrontendIP",
        "properties": {
          "httpListeners": [
            {
              "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/httpListeners/appGatewayHttpListener",
              "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
            }
          ],
          "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
          "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
          "publicIPAddress": {
            "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/myAPPGWPublicIPxxxxxx",       
            "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
          }
        },
        "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/frontendIPConfigurations"
      }
    ],
    "frontendPorts": [
      {
        "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
        "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/frontendPorts/appGatewayFrontendPort",
        "name": "appGatewayFrontendPort",
        "properties": {
          "httpListeners": [
            {
              "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/httpListeners/appGatewayHttpListener",
              "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
            }
          ],
          "port": 80,
          "provisioningState": "Succeeded"
        },
        "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/frontendPorts"
      }
    ],
    "gatewayIPConfigurations": [
      {
        "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
        "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/gatewayIPConfigurations/appGatewayFrontendIP",
        "name": "appGatewayFrontendIP",
        "properties": {
          "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
          "subnet": {
            "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/myVNetxxxxxx/subnets/myAPPGWSNxxxxxx",
            "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
          }
        },
        "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/gatewayIPConfigurations"
      }
    ],
    "httpListeners": [
      {
        "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
        "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/httpListeners/appGatewayHttpListener",
        "name": "appGatewayHttpListener",
        "properties": {
          "frontendIPConfiguration": {
            "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/frontendIPConfigurations/appGatewayFrontendIP",
            "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
          },
          "frontendPort": {
            "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/frontendPorts/appGatewayFrontendPort",
            "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
          },
          "hostNames": [],
          "protocol": "Http",
          "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
          "requestRoutingRules": [
            {
              "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/requestRoutingRules/rule1",
              "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
            }
          ],
          "requireServerNameIndication": false
        },
        "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/httpListeners"
      }
    ],
    "listeners": [],
    "loadDistributionPolicies": [],
    "operationalState": "Running",
    "privateEndpointConnections": [],
    "privateLinkConfigurations": [],
    "probes": [],
    "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
    "redirectConfigurations": [],
    "requestRoutingRules": [
      {
        "etag": "W/\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\"",
        "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/requestRoutingRules/rule1",
        "name": "rule1",
        "properties": {
          "backendAddressPool": {
            "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/backendAddressPools/appGatewayBackendPool",
            "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
          },
          "backendHttpSettings": {
            "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/backendHttpSettingsCollection/appGatewayBackendHttpSettings",
            "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
          },
          "httpListener": {
            "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxxxx/httpListeners/appGatewayHttpListener",
            "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
          },
          "priority": 1001,
          "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
          "ruleType": "Basic"
        },
        "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx",
        "type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/requestRoutingRules"
      }
    ],
    "resourceGuid": "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",
    "rewriteRuleSets": [],
    "routingRules": [],
    "sku": {
      "capacity": 2,
      "family": "Generation_1",
      "name": "Standard_v2",
      "tier": "Standard_v2"
    },
    "sslCertificates": [],
    "sslProfiles": [],
    "trustedClientCertificates": [],
    "trustedRootCertificates": [],
    "urlPathMaps": []
  }
}

Crée un groupe de machines virtuelles identiques

Important

À compter de novembre 2023, les groupes de machines virtuelles identiques créés à l'aide de PowerShell et d'Azure CLI utilisent par défaut le mode d'orchestration flexible si aucun mode d'orchestration n'est spécifié. Pour plus d’informations sur ce changement et les actions que vous devez entreprendre, consultez l’article Changement cassant pour les clients VMSS PowerShell/CLI – Hub Communauté Microsoft

Créez à présent un groupe de machines virtuelles identiques avec az vmss create. L’exemple suivant crée un groupe identique redondant interzone avec un nombre d’instances de 2 avec une adresse IP publique dans le sous-réseau $MY_VM_SN_NAME au sein de votre groupe de ressources $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME, intègre la passerelle Application Gateway et génère des clés SSH. Assurez-vous d’enregistrer les clés SSH si vous devez vous connecter à vos machines virtuelles par le protocole SSH.

az vmss create --name $MY_VMSS_NAME --resource-group $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --image $MY_VM_IMAGE --admin-username $MY_USERNAME --generate-ssh-keys --public-ip-per-vm --orchestration-mode Uniform --instance-count 2 --zones 1 2 3 --vnet-name $MY_VNET_NAME --subnet $MY_VM_SN_NAME --vm-sku Standard_DS2_v2 --upgrade-policy-mode Automatic --app-gateway $MY_APPGW_NAME --backend-pool-name appGatewayBackendPool -o JSON

Résultats :

{
  "vmss": {
    "doNotRunExtensionsOnOverprovisionedVMs": false,
    "orchestrationMode": "Uniform",
    "overprovision": true,
    "platformFaultDomainCount": 1,
    "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
    "singlePlacementGroup": false,
    "timeCreated": "20xx-xx-xxTxx:xx:xx.xxxxxx+00:00",
    "uniqueId": "xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx",
    "upgradePolicy": {
      "mode": "Automatic",
      "rollingUpgradePolicy": {
        "maxBatchInstancePercent": 20,
        "maxSurge": false,
        "maxUnhealthyInstancePercent": 20,
        "maxUnhealthyUpgradedInstancePercent": 20,
        "pauseTimeBetweenBatches": "PT0S",
        "rollbackFailedInstancesOnPolicyBreach": false
      }
    },
    "virtualMachineProfile": {
      "networkProfile": {
        "networkInterfaceConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "myvmsa53cNic",
            "properties": {
              "disableTcpStateTracking": false,
              "dnsSettings": {
                "dnsServers": []
              },
              "enableAcceleratedNetworking": false,
              "enableIPForwarding": false,
              "ipConfigurations": [
                {
                  "name": "myvmsa53cIPConfig",
                  "properties": {
                    "applicationGatewayBackendAddressPools": [
                      {
                        "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGW7xxxxx/backendAddressPools/appGatewayBackendPool",   
                        "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
                      }
                    ],
                    "privateIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
                    "publicIPAddressConfiguration": {
                      "name": "instancepublicip",
                      "properties": {
                        "idleTimeoutInMinutes": 10,
                        "ipTags": [],
                        "publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4"
                      }
                    },
                    "subnet": {
                      "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/myVNetxxxxx/subnets/myVMSN7xxxxx",
                      "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxxx"
                    }
                  }
                }
              ],
              "primary": true
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "osProfile": {
        "adminUsername": "azureuser",
        "allowExtensionOperations": true,
        "computerNamePrefix": "myvmsa53c",
        "linuxConfiguration": {
          "disablePasswordAuthentication": true,
          "enableVMAgentPlatformUpdates": false,
          "provisionVMAgent": true,
          "ssh": {
            "publicKeys": [
              {
                "keyData": "ssh-rsa xxxxxxxx",
                "path": "/home/azureuser/.ssh/authorized_keys"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "requireGuestProvisionSignal": true,
        "secrets": []
      },
      "storageProfile": {
        "diskControllerType": "SCSI",
        "imageReference": {
          "offer": "0001-com-ubuntu-server-jammy",
          "publisher": "Canonical",
          "sku": "22_04-lts-gen2",
          "version": "latest"
        },
        "osDisk": {
          "caching": "ReadWrite",
          "createOption": "FromImage",
          "diskSizeGB": 30,
          "managedDisk": {
            "storageAccountType": "Premium_LRS"
          },
          "osType": "Linux"
        }
      },
      "timeCreated": "20xx-xx-xxTxx:xx:xx.xxxxxx+00:00"
    },
    "zoneBalance": false
  }
}

Installer ngnix avec des extensions Virtual Machine Scale Sets

La commande suivante utilise l’extension Virtual Machine Scale Sets pour exécuter un script personnalisé qui installe ngnix et publie une page affichant le nom d’hôte de la machine virtuelle que vos requêtes HTTP atteignent.

az vmss extension set --publisher Microsoft.Azure.Extensions --version 2.0  --name CustomScript --resource-group $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --vmss-name $MY_VMSS_NAME --settings '{ "fileUris": ["https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure-Samples/compute-automation-configurations/master/automate_nginx.sh"], "commandToExecute": "./automate_nginx.sh" }' -o JSON

Résultats :

{
  "additionalCapabilities": null,
  "automaticRepairsPolicy": null,
  "constrainedMaximumCapacity": null,
  "doNotRunExtensionsOnOverprovisionedVMs": false,
  "extendedLocation": null,
  "hostGroup": null,
  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/myVMSSxxxxx",
  "identity": null,
  "location": "eastus",
  "name": "myVMSSxxxx",
  "orchestrationMode": "Uniform",
  "overprovision": true,
  "plan": null,
  "platformFaultDomainCount": 1,
  "priorityMixPolicy": null,
  "provisioningState": "Succeeded",
  "proximityPlacementGroup": null,
  "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxx",
  "scaleInPolicy": null,
  "singlePlacementGroup": false,
  "sku": {
    "capacity": 2,
    "name": "Standard_DS2_v2",
    "tier": "Standard"
  },
  "spotRestorePolicy": null,
  "tags": {},
  "timeCreated": "20xx-xx-xxTxx:xx:xx.xxxxxx+00:00",
  "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets",
  "uniqueId": "xxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx",
  "upgradePolicy": {
    "automaticOsUpgradePolicy": null,
    "mode": "Automatic",
    "rollingUpgradePolicy": {
      "enableCrossZoneUpgrade": null,
      "maxBatchInstancePercent": 20,
      "maxSurge": false,
      "maxUnhealthyInstancePercent": 20,
      "maxUnhealthyUpgradedInstancePercent": 20,
      "pauseTimeBetweenBatches": "PT0S",
      "prioritizeUnhealthyInstances": null,
      "rollbackFailedInstancesOnPolicyBreach": false
    }
  },
  "virtualMachineProfile": {
    "applicationProfile": null,
    "billingProfile": null,
    "capacityReservation": null,
    "diagnosticsProfile": null,
    "evictionPolicy": null,
    "extensionProfile": {
      "extensions": [
        {
          "autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
          "enableAutomaticUpgrade": null,
          "forceUpdateTag": null,
          "id": null,
          "name": "CustomScript",
          "protectedSettings": null,
          "protectedSettingsFromKeyVault": null,
          "provisionAfterExtensions": null,
          "provisioningState": null,
          "publisher": "Microsoft.Azure.Extensions",
          "settings": {
            "commandToExecute": "./automate_nginx.sh",
            "fileUris": [
              "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure-Samples/compute-automation-configurations/master/automate_nginx.sh"
            ]
          },
          "suppressFailures": null,
          "type": null,
          "typeHandlerVersion": "2.0",
          "typePropertiesType": "CustomScript"
        }
      ],
      "extensionsTimeBudget": null
    },
    "hardwareProfile": null,
    "licenseType": null,
    "networkProfile": {
      "healthProbe": null,
      "networkApiVersion": null,
      "networkInterfaceConfigurations": [
        {
          "deleteOption": null,
          "disableTcpStateTracking": false,
          "dnsSettings": {
            "dnsServers": []
          },
          "enableAcceleratedNetworking": false,
          "enableFpga": null,
          "enableIpForwarding": false,
          "ipConfigurations": [
            {
              "applicationGatewayBackendAddressPools": [
                {
                  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/myAPPGWxxxx/backendAddressPools/appGatewayBackendPool",
                  "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx"
                }
              ],
              "applicationSecurityGroups": null,
              "loadBalancerBackendAddressPools": null,
              "loadBalancerInboundNatPools": null,
              "name": "myvmsdxxxIPConfig",
              "primary": null,
              "privateIpAddressVersion": "IPv4",
              "publicIpAddressConfiguration": null,
              "subnet": {
                "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/myVNetxxxxx/subnets/myVMSNxxxxx",
                "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupaxxxxx"
              }
            }
          ],
          "name": "myvmsxxxxxx",
          "networkSecurityGroup": null,
          "primary": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "osProfile": {
      "adminPassword": null,
      "adminUsername": "azureuser",
      "allowExtensionOperations": true,
      "computerNamePrefix": "myvmsdxxx",
      "customData": null,
      "linuxConfiguration": {
        "disablePasswordAuthentication": true,
        "enableVmAgentPlatformUpdates": false,
        "patchSettings": null,
        "provisionVmAgent": true,
        "ssh": {
          "publicKeys": [
            {
              "keyData": "ssh-rsa xxxxxxxx",
              "path": "/home/azureuser/.ssh/authorized_keys"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "requireGuestProvisionSignal": true,
      "secrets": [],
      "windowsConfiguration": null
    },
    "priority": null,
    "scheduledEventsProfile": null,
    "securityPostureReference": null,
    "securityProfile": null,
    "serviceArtifactReference": null,
    "storageProfile": {
      "dataDisks": null,
      "diskControllerType": "SCSI",
      "imageReference": {
        "communityGalleryImageId": null,
        "exactVersion": null,
        "id": null,
        "offer": "0001-com-ubuntu-server-jammy",
        "publisher": "Canonical",
        "sharedGalleryImageId": null,
        "sku": "22_04-lts-gen2",
        "version": "latest"
      },
      "osDisk": {
        "caching": "ReadWrite",
        "createOption": "FromImage",
        "deleteOption": null,
        "diffDiskSettings": null,
        "diskSizeGb": 30,
        "image": null,
        "managedDisk": {
          "diskEncryptionSet": null,
          "securityProfile": null,
          "storageAccountType": "Premium_LRS"
        },
        "name": null,
        "osType": "Linux",
        "vhdContainers": null,
        "writeAcceleratorEnabled": null
      }
    },
    "userData": null
  },
  "zoneBalance": false,
  "zones": [
    "1",
    "2",
    "3"
  ]
}

Définir un profil de mise à l’échelle automatique

Pour activer la mise à l’échelle automatique sur un groupe identique, définissez au préalable un profil de mise à l’échelle automatique. Ce profil définit les capacités par défaut, minimale et maximale du groupe identique. Ces limites vous permettent de contrôler les coûts en évitant de créer continuellement des instances de machine virtuelle et en équilibrant les performances acceptables sur un nombre minimal d’instances qui restent dans un événement scale-in. L’exemple suivant définit les capacités minimales par défaut à deux instances de machine virtuelle et la capacité maximale à 10 :

az monitor autoscale create --resource-group $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --resource  $MY_VMSS_NAME --resource-type Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets --name autoscale --min-count 2 --max-count 10 --count 2

Résultats :

{
  "enabled": true,
  "id": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxx/providers/microsoft.insights/autoscalesettings/autoscale",
  "location": "eastus",
  "name": "autoscale",
  "namePropertiesName": "autoscale",
  "notifications": [
    {
      "email": {
        "customEmails": [],
        "sendToSubscriptionAdministrator": false,
        "sendToSubscriptionCoAdministrators": false
      },
      "webhooks": []
    }
  ],
  "predictiveAutoscalePolicy": {
    "scaleLookAheadTime": null,
    "scaleMode": "Disabled"
  },
  "profiles": [
    {
      "capacity": {
        "default": "2",
        "maximum": "10",
        "minimum": "2"
      },
      "fixedDate": null,
      "name": "default",
      "recurrence": null,
      "rules": []
    }
  ],
  "resourceGroup": "myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxx",
  "systemData": null,
  "tags": {},
  "targetResourceLocation": null,
  "targetResourceUri": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/myVMSSxxxxxx",
  "type": "Microsoft.Insights/autoscaleSettings"
}

Créer une règle pour le scale-out automatique

La commande suivante crée une règle qui augmente le nombre d’instances de machine virtuelle dans un groupe identique lorsque la charge moyenne du processeur est supérieure à 70 % pendant cinq minutes. Lorsque la règle se déclenche, le nombre d’instances de machine virtuelle augmente de trois unités.

az monitor autoscale rule create --resource-group $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --autoscale-name autoscale --condition "Percentage CPU > 70 avg 5m" --scale out 3

Résultats :

{
  "metricTrigger": {
    "dimensions": [],
    "dividePerInstance": null,
    "metricName": "Percentage CPU",
    "metricNamespace": null,
    "metricResourceLocation": null,
    "metricResourceUri": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/myVMSSxxxxxx",
    "operator": "GreaterThan",
    "statistic": "Average",
    "threshold": "70",
    "timeAggregation": "Average",
    "timeGrain": "PT1M",
    "timeWindow": "PT5M"
  },
  "scaleAction": {
    "cooldown": "PT5M",
    "direction": "Increase",
    "type": "ChangeCount",
    "value": "3"
  }
}

Créer une règle pour le scale-in automatique

Créez une autre règle avec az monitor autoscale rule create qui diminue le nombre d’instances de machine virtuelle dans un groupe identique lorsque la charge moyenne du processeur est inférieure à 30 % pendant 5 minutes. L’exemple suivant définit la règle pour diminuer de une unité le nombre d’instances de machine virtuelle.

az monitor autoscale rule create --resource-group  $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --autoscale-name autoscale --condition "Percentage CPU < 30 avg 5m" --scale in 1

Résultats :

{
  "metricTrigger": {
    "dimensions": [],
    "dividePerInstance": null,
    "metricName": "Percentage CPU",
    "metricNamespace": null,
    "metricResourceLocation": null,
    "metricResourceUri": "/subscriptions/xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/myVMSSResourceGroupxxxxxx/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/myVMSSxxxxxx",
    "operator": "LessThan",
    "statistic": "Average",
    "threshold": "30",
    "timeAggregation": "Average",
    "timeGrain": "PT1M",
    "timeWindow": "PT5M"
  },
  "scaleAction": {
    "cooldown": "PT5M",
    "direction": "Decrease",
    "type": "ChangeCount",
    "value": "1"
  }
}

Tester la page

La commande suivante montre l’adresse IP publique de votre passerelle Application Gateway. Collez l’adresse IP dans une page de navigateur à des fins de test.

az network public-ip show --resource-group $MY_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME --name $MY_APPGW_PUBLIC_IP_NAME --query [ipAddress]  --output tsv

Nettoyez les ressources (facultatif)

Pour éviter des frais Azure, vous devez nettoyer les ressources inutiles. Lorsque vous n’avez plus besoin de votre groupe identique et d’autres ressources, supprimez le groupe de ressources et toutes ses ressources avec la commande az group delete. Le paramètre --no-wait retourne le contrôle à l’invite de commandes sans attendre que l’opération se termine. Le paramètre --yes confirme que vous souhaitez supprimer les ressources sans passer par une autre invite. Ce tutoriel vous aide à nettoyer les ressources.

Étapes suivantes