Procedura: utilizzare la protezione dati
Nota
Questo articolo si applica a Windows.
Per informazioni su ASP.NET Core, vedere Protezione dei dati ASP.NET Core.
.NET fornisce l'accesso a Data Protection API (DPAPI), che permette di crittografare dati usando informazioni dell'account utente o del computer corrente. L'uso di DPAPI permette di attenuare il problema complesso correlato alla generazione e all'archiviazione esplicite di una chiave crittografica.
Usare la classe ProtectedData per crittografare una copia di una matrice di byte. È possibile specificare che i dati crittografati dall'account utente corrente possono essere decrittografati solo dallo stesso account utente oppure da qualsiasi account nel computer. Vedere l'enumerazione DataProtectionScope per una descrizione dettagliata delle opzioni di ProtectedData.
Crittografare dati in un file o un flusso mediante la protezione dei dati
Creare l'entropia casuale.
Chiamare il metodo Protect statico durante il passaggio di una matrice di byte da crittografare, l'entropia e l'ambito di protezione dei dati.
Scrivere i dati crittografati in un file o un flusso.
Per decrittografare i dati da un file o un flusso mediante la protezione dati
Leggere i dati crittografati da un file o un flusso.
Chiamare il metodo Unprotect statico durante il passaggio di una matrice di byte da decrittografare e l'ambito di protezione dei dati.
Esempio
L'esempio di codice seguente mostra le due forme di crittografia e decrittografia. Prima di tutto, l'esempio di codice crittografa e quindi decrittografa una matrice in memoria di byte. Quindi, l'esempio di codice crittografa una copia di una matrice di byte, la salva in un file, carica i dati di nuovo dal file e quindi li decrittografa. L'esempio mostra i dati originali, i dati crittografati e i dati decrittografati.
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
public class MemoryProtectionSample
{
public static void Main() => Run();
public static void Run()
{
try
{
///////////////////////////////
//
// Memory Encryption - ProtectedMemory
//
///////////////////////////////
// Create the original data to be encrypted (The data length should be a multiple of 16).
byte[] toEncrypt = UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes("ThisIsSomeData16");
Console.WriteLine($"Original data: {UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(toEncrypt)}");
Console.WriteLine("Encrypting...");
// Encrypt the data in memory.
EncryptInMemoryData(toEncrypt, MemoryProtectionScope.SameLogon);
Console.WriteLine($"Encrypted data: {UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(toEncrypt)}");
Console.WriteLine("Decrypting...");
// Decrypt the data in memory.
DecryptInMemoryData(toEncrypt, MemoryProtectionScope.SameLogon);
Console.WriteLine($"Decrypted data: {UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(toEncrypt)}");
///////////////////////////////
//
// Data Encryption - ProtectedData
//
///////////////////////////////
// Create the original data to be encrypted
toEncrypt = UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes("This is some data of any length.");
// Create a file.
FileStream fStream = new FileStream("Data.dat", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
// Create some random entropy.
byte[] entropy = CreateRandomEntropy();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine($"Original data: {UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(toEncrypt)}");
Console.WriteLine("Encrypting and writing to disk...");
// Encrypt a copy of the data to the stream.
int bytesWritten = EncryptDataToStream(toEncrypt, entropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser, fStream);
fStream.Close();
Console.WriteLine("Reading data from disk and decrypting...");
// Open the file.
fStream = new FileStream("Data.dat", FileMode.Open);
// Read from the stream and decrypt the data.
byte[] decryptData = DecryptDataFromStream(entropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser, fStream, bytesWritten);
fStream.Close();
Console.WriteLine($"Decrypted data: {UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(decryptData)}");
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine($"ERROR: {e.Message}");
}
}
public static void EncryptInMemoryData(byte[] Buffer, MemoryProtectionScope Scope )
{
if (Buffer == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Buffer));
if (Buffer.Length <= 0)
throw new ArgumentException("The buffer length was 0.", nameof(Buffer));
// Encrypt the data in memory. The result is stored in the same array as the original data.
ProtectedMemory.Protect(Buffer, Scope);
}
public static void DecryptInMemoryData(byte[] Buffer, MemoryProtectionScope Scope)
{
if (Buffer == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Buffer));
if (Buffer.Length <= 0)
throw new ArgumentException("The buffer length was 0.", nameof(Buffer));
// Decrypt the data in memory. The result is stored in the same array as the original data.
ProtectedMemory.Unprotect(Buffer, Scope);
}
public static byte[] CreateRandomEntropy()
{
// Create a byte array to hold the random value.
byte[] entropy = new byte[16];
// Create a new instance of the RNGCryptoServiceProvider.
// Fill the array with a random value.
new RNGCryptoServiceProvider().GetBytes(entropy);
// Return the array.
return entropy;
}
public static int EncryptDataToStream(byte[] Buffer, byte[] Entropy, DataProtectionScope Scope, Stream S)
{
if (Buffer == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Buffer));
if (Buffer.Length <= 0)
throw new ArgumentException("The buffer length was 0.", nameof(Buffer));
if (Entropy == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Entropy));
if (Entropy.Length <= 0)
throw new ArgumentException("The entropy length was 0.", nameof(Entropy));
if (S == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(S));
int length = 0;
// Encrypt the data and store the result in a new byte array. The original data remains unchanged.
byte[] encryptedData = ProtectedData.Protect(Buffer, Entropy, Scope);
// Write the encrypted data to a stream.
if (S.CanWrite && encryptedData != null)
{
S.Write(encryptedData, 0, encryptedData.Length);
length = encryptedData.Length;
}
// Return the length that was written to the stream.
return length;
}
public static byte[] DecryptDataFromStream(byte[] Entropy, DataProtectionScope Scope, Stream S, int Length)
{
if (S == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(S));
if (Length <= 0 )
throw new ArgumentException("The given length was 0.", nameof(Length));
if (Entropy == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Entropy));
if (Entropy.Length <= 0)
throw new ArgumentException("The entropy length was 0.", nameof(Entropy));
byte[] inBuffer = new byte[Length];
byte[] outBuffer;
// Read the encrypted data from a stream.
if (S.CanRead)
{
S.Read(inBuffer, 0, Length);
outBuffer = ProtectedData.Unprotect(inBuffer, Entropy, Scope);
}
else
{
throw new IOException("Could not read the stream.");
}
// Return the decrypted data
return outBuffer;
}
}
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Security.Cryptography
Public Module MemoryProtectionSample
Sub Main()
Run()
End Sub
Sub Run()
Try
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'
' Memory Encryption - ProtectedMemory
'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' Create the original data to be encrypted (The data length should be a multiple of 16).
Dim toEncrypt As Byte() = UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes("ThisIsSomeData16")
Console.WriteLine("Original data: " + UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(toEncrypt))
Console.WriteLine("Encrypting...")
' Encrypt the data in memory.
EncryptInMemoryData(toEncrypt, MemoryProtectionScope.SameLogon)
Console.WriteLine("Encrypted data: " + UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(toEncrypt))
Console.WriteLine("Decrypting...")
' Decrypt the data in memory.
DecryptInMemoryData(toEncrypt, MemoryProtectionScope.SameLogon)
Console.WriteLine("Decrypted data: " + UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(toEncrypt))
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'
' Data Encryption - ProtectedData
'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
' Create the original data to be encrypted
toEncrypt = UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes("This is some data of any length.")
' Create a file.
Dim fStream As New FileStream("Data.dat", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)
' Create some random entropy.
Dim entropy As Byte() = CreateRandomEntropy()
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("Original data: " + UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(toEncrypt))
Console.WriteLine("Encrypting and writing to disk...")
' Encrypt a copy of the data to the stream.
Dim bytesWritten As Integer = EncryptDataToStream(toEncrypt, entropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser, fStream)
fStream.Close()
Console.WriteLine("Reading data from disk and decrypting...")
' Open the file.
fStream = New FileStream("Data.dat", FileMode.Open)
' Read from the stream and decrypt the data.
Dim decryptData As Byte() = DecryptDataFromStream(entropy, DataProtectionScope.CurrentUser, fStream, bytesWritten)
fStream.Close()
Console.WriteLine("Decrypted data: " + UnicodeEncoding.ASCII.GetString(decryptData))
Catch e As Exception
Console.WriteLine("ERROR: " + e.Message)
End Try
End Sub
Sub EncryptInMemoryData(ByVal Buffer() As Byte, ByVal Scope As MemoryProtectionScope)
If Buffer Is Nothing Then
Throw New ArgumentNullException("Buffer")
End If
If Buffer.Length <= 0 Then
Throw New ArgumentException("Buffer")
End If
' Encrypt the data in memory. The result is stored in the same array as the original data.
ProtectedMemory.Protect(Buffer, Scope)
End Sub
Sub DecryptInMemoryData(ByVal Buffer() As Byte, ByVal Scope As MemoryProtectionScope)
If Buffer Is Nothing Then
Throw New ArgumentNullException("Buffer")
End If
If Buffer.Length <= 0 Then
Throw New ArgumentException("Buffer")
End If
' Decrypt the data in memory. The result is stored in the same array as the original data.
ProtectedMemory.Unprotect(Buffer, Scope)
End Sub
Function CreateRandomEntropy() As Byte()
' Create a byte array to hold the random value.
Dim entropy(15) As Byte
' Create a new instance of the RNGCryptoServiceProvider.
' Fill the array with a random value.
Dim RNG As New RNGCryptoServiceProvider()
RNG.GetBytes(entropy)
' Return the array.
Return entropy
End Function 'CreateRandomEntropy
Function EncryptDataToStream(ByVal Buffer() As Byte, ByVal Entropy() As Byte, ByVal Scope As DataProtectionScope, ByVal S As Stream) As Integer
If Buffer Is Nothing Then
Throw New ArgumentNullException("Buffer")
End If
If Buffer.Length <= 0 Then
Throw New ArgumentException("Buffer")
End If
If Entropy Is Nothing Then
Throw New ArgumentNullException("Entropy")
End If
If Entropy.Length <= 0 Then
Throw New ArgumentException("Entropy")
End If
If S Is Nothing Then
Throw New ArgumentNullException("S")
End If
Dim length As Integer = 0
' Encrypt the data and store the result in a new byte array. The original data remains unchanged.
Dim encryptedData As Byte() = ProtectedData.Protect(Buffer, Entropy, Scope)
' Write the encrypted data to a stream.
If S.CanWrite AndAlso Not (encryptedData Is Nothing) Then
S.Write(encryptedData, 0, encryptedData.Length)
length = encryptedData.Length
End If
' Return the length that was written to the stream.
Return length
End Function 'EncryptDataToStream
Function DecryptDataFromStream(ByVal Entropy() As Byte, ByVal Scope As DataProtectionScope, ByVal S As Stream, ByVal Length As Integer) As Byte()
If S Is Nothing Then
Throw New ArgumentNullException("S")
End If
If Length <= 0 Then
Throw New ArgumentException("Length")
End If
If Entropy Is Nothing Then
Throw New ArgumentNullException("Entropy")
End If
If Entropy.Length <= 0 Then
Throw New ArgumentException("Entropy")
End If
Dim inBuffer(Length - 1) As Byte
Dim outBuffer() As Byte
' Read the encrypted data from a stream.
If S.CanRead Then
S.Read(inBuffer, 0, Length)
outBuffer = ProtectedData.Unprotect(inBuffer, Entropy, Scope)
Else
Throw New IOException("Could not read the stream.")
End If
' Return the unencrypted data as byte array.
Return outBuffer
End Function 'DecryptDataFromStream
End Module 'MemoryProtectionSample
Compilazione del codice
Questo esempio viene compilato ed eseguito solo quando la destinazione è .NET Framework ed è in esecuzione su Windows.
Includere un riferimento a
System.Security.dll.Includere gli spazi dei nomi System, System.IO, System.Security.Cryptography e System.Text.
Vedi anche
Collabora con noi su GitHub
L'origine di questo contenuto è disponibile in GitHub, in cui è anche possibile creare ed esaminare i problemi e le richieste pull. Per ulteriori informazioni, vedere la guida per i collaboratori.
