SharePoint Server でファームの構成設定を文書化する

適用対象:yes-img-13 2013yes-img-162016 yes-img-192019 yes-img-seSubscription Edition no-img-sopSharePoint in Microsoft 365

PowerShell を使用すると SharePoint Server でのファームの構成設定を文書化できます。

構成設定の文書化は、環境の展開をスクリプト化する場合、および障害時に構成をすばやく作成し直す場合の両方にとって重要です。

PowerShell を使用した SharePoint Server でのファームの構成設定の文書化

以下の手順では、SharePoint Server 用の PowerShell スクリプトを作成して実行する方法について説明します。 その後、障害が発生した場合は、このスクリプトを使用してファームの構成設定を復元できます。

PowerShell を使用して SharePoint Server の構成設定を文書化するには

  1. 次のメンバーシップがあることを確認します。
  • SQL Server インスタンスにおける securityadmin 固定サーバー ロール。

  • 更新するすべてのデータベースに対する db_owner 固定データベース ロール。

  • PowerShell コマンドレットを実行するサーバーでの Administrators グループ。

  • about_Execution_Policies (https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=193050) を読み取る必要があります。

    管理者は Add-SPShellAdmin コマンドレットを使用して、SharePoint Server コマンドレットを使用する権限を付与できます。

    注:

    アクセス許可がない場合は、セットアップ管理者または SQL Server 管理者に連絡してアクセス許可を要求してください。 PowerShell の権限の追加情報については、「アクセス許可」および「Add-SPShellAdmin」を参照してください。

  1. メモ帳などのテキスト エディターを使用してテキスト ファイルを作成し、以下のコードをファイルに貼り付けます。 この例のコマンドは、現在のファームの Web アプリケーションとサービス アプリケーションの構成を文書化する XML ファイルを作成します。 実際の環境に関係のあるコマンドだけを選択してください。
##
## Common SharePoint configuration settings
##
#Retrieve Web Application information. The default depth of 2 does not return much detail--we recommend that you use a depth of 4 for this cmdlet.
Get-SPWebApplication | Export-Clixml .\WebAppFilename.xml -depth 4
#Retrieve custom layout information. 
Get-SPWebApplication | Get-SPCustomLayoutsPage | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPCustomLayoutsPage.xml
#Determine how SharePoint designer access is configured.
Get-SPWebApplication | Get-SPDesignerSettings  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPDesignerSettings.xml
#Retrieve information about alternate access mapping
Get-SPAlternateURL  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPAlternateURL.xml
#Retrieve information about content databases
Get-SPContentDatabase  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPContentDatabase.xml
#Retrieve database properties for each database
Get-SPDatabase  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPDatabase.xml
#Retrieve information about all SharePoint Products installed in the farm, and the versions of all updates installed for each product.
Get-SPProduct  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPProduct.xml
#Retrieve farm information
Get-SPFarm  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPFarm.xml
Get-SPFarmConfig  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPFarmConfig.xml
#Retrieve information about the servers in the farm
Get-SPServer  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPServer.xml
#Retrieve information about installed features
Get-SPFeature  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPFeature.xml
#Retrieve information about globally-installed site templates
Get-SPWebTemplate  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPWebTemplate.xml
#Retrieve information about deployed solutions
Get-SPSolution  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPSolution.xml
#Retrieve information about sandboxed solutions deployed in a site collection
Get-SPSite | Get-SPUserSolution  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPUserSolution.xml
#Retrieve information about claims authentication
Get-SPTrustedIdentityTokenIssuer  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPTrustedIdentityTokenIssuer.xml
Get-SPTrustedServiceTokenIssuer  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPTrustedServiceTokenIssuer.xml
Get-SPTrustedRootAuthority  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPTrustedRootAuthority.xml
#Retrieve information about installed Help
Get-SPHelpCollection  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPHelpCollection.xml
#Retrieve information about the logging levels that have been set
Get-SPLogLevel  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPLogLevel.xml
#Retrieve information about the sites in the farm
Get-SPSite  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPSite.xml
Get-SPSiteAdministration  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPSiteAdministration.xml
Get-SPSiteSubscription  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPSiteSubscription.xml
#Retrieve ULS logging information
Get-SPDiagnosticConfig  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPDiagnosticConfig.xml
Get-SPDiagnosticsPerformanceCounter  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPDiagnosticsPerformanceCounter.xml
Get-SPDiagnosticsProvider  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPDiagnosticsProvider.xml
#Retrieve information about accounts registered in the configuration database
Get-SPManagedAccount  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPManagedAccount.xml
Get-SPProcessAccount  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPProcessAccount.xml
Get-SPShellAdmin  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPShellAdmin.xml
#Retrieve specific information about the certificate authority
Get-SPCertificateAuthority  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPCertificateAuthority.xml
Get-SPClaimProvider  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPClaimProvider.xml
Get-SPClaimProviderManager  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPClaimProviderManager.xml
#Retrieve information about content deployment jobs
Get-SPContentDeploymentJob | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPContentDeploymentJob.xml
Get-SPContentDeploymentPath | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPContentDeploymentPath.xml
#Retrieve information about the Mobile Messaging account.
Get-SPWebApplication | Get-SPMobileMessagingAccount  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPMobileMessagingAccount.xml
##
##Common service infrastructure settings
##
#Retrieve information about the service applications in the farm
Get-SPServiceApplication  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPServiceApplication.xml
Get-SPServiceApplicationPool  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPServiceApplicationPool.xml
Get-SPServiceApplicationProxy  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPServiceApplicationProxy.xml
Get-SPServiceApplicationProxyGroup  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPServiceApplicationProxyGroup.xml
Get-SPServiceApplication | Get-SPServiceApplicationEndpoint  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPServiceApplicationEndpoint.xml
#Retrieve information about the services running in the farm
Get-SPServiceInstance  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPServiceInstance.xml
#Retrieve information about InfoPath form services
Get-SPInfoPathFormsService  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPInfoPathFormsService.xml
Get-SPInfoPathFormTemplate  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPInfoPathFormTemplate.xml
###WARNING: The following cmdlet requires  run as administrator rights. 
Get-SPInfoPathUserAgent  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPInfoPathUserAgent.xml
#Retrieve information about common Web service settings
Get-SPServiceHostConfig  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPServiceHostConfig.xml
##
## Common service application settings
##
#Access Services
#Retrieve specific information for the Access Services service application
Get-SPAccessServiceApplication  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPAccessServiceApplication.xml
#Application Discovery and Load Balancer Service Application 
Get-SPTopologyServiceApplication  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPTopologyServiceApplication.xml
Get-SPTopologyServiceApplicationProxy  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPTopologyServiceApplicationProxy.xml
#Business Data Connectivity Service
#Retrieve information about data connection files. ###WARNING: The following cmdlet requires  run as administrator rights
Get-SPDataConnectionFile | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPDataConnectionFile.xml
###WARNING: The following cmdlet requires  run as administrator rights
Get-SPDataConnectionFile | Get-SPDataConnectionFileDependent  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPDataConnectionFileDependent.xml
#Excel Services Application
#Note: An Excel service application must be provisioned for the following cmdlets to succeed. 
Get-SPExcelServiceApplication | Get-SPExcelBlockedFileType  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPExcelBlockedFileType.xml
Get-SPExcelServiceApplication | Get-SPExcelDataConnectionLibrary  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPExcelDataConnectionLibrary.xml
Get-SPExcelServiceApplication | Get-SPExcelDataProvider  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPExcelDataProvider.xml
Get-SPExcelServiceApplication | Get-SPExcelFileLocation  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPExcelFileLocation.xml
Get-SPExcelServiceApplication | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPExcelServiceApplication.xml
Get-SPExcelServiceApplication | Get-SPExcelUserDefinedFunction  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPExcelUserDefinedFunction.xml
Get-SPWebApplication | Get-SPInfoPathWebServiceProxy  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPInfoPathWebServiceProxy.xml
Get-SPWebApplication | Get-SPManagedPath  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPManagedPath.xml
 
#Managed Metadata Service
#Note: A Managed Metadata service application must be provisioned for the following cmdlets to succeed. 
Get-SPServiceApplication | ?{$_.TypeName -eq "Managed Metadata Service"} | %{$id = $_.Id;Get-SPMetadataServiceApplication -Id $_ | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPMetadataServiceApplication-$id.xml}
Get-SPServiceApplicationProxy | ?{$_.TypeName -eq "Managed Metadata Service Connection"} | %{$id = $_.Id;Get-SPMetadataServiceApplicationProxy -Id $_ | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPMetadataServiceApplicationProxy-$id.xml}
Get-SPSite | Get-SPTaxonomySession  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPTaxonomySession.xml
#PerformancePoint Service Application
#Note: A PerformancePoint service application must be provisioned for the following cmdlets to succeed. 
Get-SPPerformancePointServiceApplication | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPPerformancePointServiceApplication.xml
Get-SPPerformancePointServiceApplication | Get-SPPerformancePointServiceApplicationTrustedLocation  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPPerformancePointServiceApplicationTrustedLocation.xml
#Search 
#Retrieve search information
#Note:  A Search service application must be provisioned for the following cmdlets to succeed. 
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchAdministrationComponent  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchAdministrationComponent.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlContentSource  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlContentSource.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlCustomConnector  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlCustomConnector.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlDatabase  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlDatabase.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlExtension  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlExtension.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlMapping  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlMapping.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlRule  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchCrawlRule.xml
$searchApp = Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication; Get-SPEnterpriseSearchExtendedClickThroughExtractorJobDefinition -SearchApplication $searchApp | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchExtendedClickThroughExtractorJobDefinition.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchExtendedConnectorProperty  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchExtendedConnectorProperty.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchExtendedQueryProperty  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchExtendedQueryProperty.xml
###WARNING: The following command generates a 120MB file that records the out of the box settings###
#Note: The Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryAuthority and Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryDemoted cmdlets require the Owner and SearchApplication parameters#
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchLanguageResourcePhrase  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchLanguageResourcePhrase.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchMetadataCategory  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchMetadataCategory.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchMetadataCrawledProperty  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchMetadataCrawledProperty.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchMetadataManagedProperty  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchMetadataManagedProperty.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchMetadataMapping  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchMetadataMapping.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryAuthority  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryAuthority.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryDemoted  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryDemoted.xml
 Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryAndSiteSettingsService  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryAndSiteSettingsService.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryAndSiteSettingsServiceInstance  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryAndSiteSettingsServiceInstance.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryAndSiteSettingsServiceProxy  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryAndSiteSettingsServiceProxy.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchService  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchService.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceInstance  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceInstance.xml
###WARNING: The following command generates a file per site collection###
#Note: The Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQuerySuggestionCandidates and Get-SPEnterpriseSearchRankingModel cmdlets require the Owner and SearchApplication parameters#
Get-SPSite | %{$id = $_.Id;Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryKeyword -Site $_ | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryKeyword-$id.xml}
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryScope  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryScope.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryScope | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryScopeRule  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQueryScopeRule.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQuerySuggestionCandidates  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchQuerySuggestionCandidates.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchRankingModel  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchRankingModel.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Get-SPEnterpriseSearchSecurityTrimmer  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchSecurityTrimmer.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplication.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplicationProxy  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchServiceApplicationProxy.xml
Get-SPEnterpriseSearchSiteHitRule  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPEnterpriseSearchSiteHitRule.xml
#Security Token Service Application
#Retrieve information about the security token service used for incoming SOAP messages.
Get-SPSecurityTokenServiceConfig  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPSecurityTokenServiceConfig.xml
#State Service
#Retrieve information about the State Service.
Get-SPSessionStateService  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPSessionStateService.xml
Get-SPStateServiceApplication  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPStateServiceApplication.xml
Get-SPStateServiceApplicationProxy  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPStateServiceApplicationProxy.xml
Get-SPStateServiceDatabase  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPStateServiceDatabase.xml
#Usage and Health data collection
#Retrieve information about the Usage and Health Data Collection service application.
Get-SPUsageApplication  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPUsageApplication.xml
Get-SPUsageDefinition  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPUsageDefinition.xml
Get-SPUsageService  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPUsageService.xml
#Visio Service
#A Visio service application must be provisioned for the following cmdlets to succeed.
Get-SPVisioServiceApplication | Get-SPVisioExternalData  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPVisioExternalData.xml
Get-SPVisioServiceApplication | Get-SPVisioPerformance  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPVisioPerformance.xml
Get-SPVisioServiceApplication | Get-SPVisioSafeDataProvider  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPVisioSafeDataProvider.xml
Get-SPVisioServiceApplication | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPVisioServiceApplication.xml
Get-SPVisioServiceApplicationProxy  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPVisioServiceApplicationProxy.xml
#Web Analytics Service Application
A Web Analytics service application must be provisioned for the following cmdlets to succeed.
Get-SPServiceApplication | ?{$_.TypeName -eq "Web Analytics Service Application"} | %{$id = $_.Id;Get-SPWebAnalyticsServiceApplication -Id $_ | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPWebAnalyticsServiceApplication-$id.xml}
Get-SPServiceApplicationProxy | ?{$_.TypeName -eq "Web Analytics Service Application Proxy"} | %{$id = $_.Id;Get-SPWebAnalyticsServiceApplicationProxy -Id $_ | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPWebAnalyticsServiceApplicationProxy-$id.xml}
Get-SPWebApplication | Get-SPWebApplicationHttpThrottlingMonitor  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPWebApplicationHttpThrottlingMonitor.xml
Get-SPWebPartPack  | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPWebPartPack.xml
#Word Automation Services
###Note: These cmdlets are commented out because you are unlikely to want to run them. ###
#Get-SPSite | %{$web=Get-SPWeb $_.Url;$webid=$web.Id;$web | Get-SPUser | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPUser-$webid.xml}
# Get-SPSite | %{$web=Get-SPWeb $_.Url;$webid=$web.Id;$web | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPWeb-$webid.xml}

  1. ファイルを保存し、.ps1 という拡張子を付加します (例: SuggestedNameOfFile.ps1)。

    注:

    別のファイル名を使用することもできますが、ファイルは拡張子が .ps1 の ANSI 形式のテキスト ファイルとして保存する必要があります。

  2. SharePoint 管理シェルを起動します。

  3. ファイルの保存先のディレクトリに移動します。

  4. PowerShell コマンド プロンプトで、次のコマンドを入力します。

./SuggestedFileName.ps1

詳しくは、「Export-Clixml」、「Get-SPWebApplication」、「Get-SPServiceApplication」をご覧ください。

注:

コマンドライン管理タスクを実行するときには Windows PowerShell を使用することが推奨されています。 Stsadm コマンドライン ツールは推奨されていませんが、製品の以前のバージョンとの互換性をサポートするために含まれています。

SharePoint Server でのコマンドレットの使用例

このセクションでは、推奨コマンドレットの 1 つを使用できる方法の例を示します。

Get-SPAlternateURL コマンドレットは、代替アクセス マッピングに関する情報を提供します。 コマンドレットを Export-Clixml コマンドレットにパイプすると、情報が XML ファイルに書き込まれます。

Get-SPAlternateURL | Export-Clixml .\Get-SPAlternateURL.xml

以下に Get-SPAlternateURL.xml ファイルの内容を示します。 一部のセクションは折りたたんであります。

- <Objs Version="1.1.0.1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/powershell/2004/04">
+ <Obj RefId="0">
- <Obj RefId="7">
  <TNRef RefId="0" /> 
  <ToString>Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.SPAlternateUrl</ToString> 
- <Props>
  <S N="IncomingUrl">http://servername</S> 
  <URI N="Uri">http://servername/</URI> 
+ <Obj N="UrlZone" RefId="8">
- <Obj N="Collection" RefId="9">
  <TNRef RefId="2" /> 
- <IE>
- <Obj RefId="10">
  <TNRef RefId="0" /> 
  <ToString>Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration.SPAlternateUrl</ToString> 
+ <Props>
- <MS>
  <S N="Zone">Default</S> 
  <S N="PublicUrl">http://servername</S> 
  </MS>
  </Obj>
  </IE>
- <Props>
  <I32 N="Count">1</I32> 
  <B N="IsReadOnly">false</B> 
  <S N="TypeName">Alternate Access Mapping Collection</S> 
  <S N="DisplayName">SharePoint - 80</S> 
  <U64 N="DiskSizeRequired">0</U64> 
  <B N="CanSelectForBackup">false</B> 
  <B N="CanRenameOnRestore">false</B> 
  <B N="CanSelectForRestore">false</B> 
  <S N="Name">SharePoint - 80</S> 
  <G N="Id">5b65a69a-222d-4fe0-904b-0fb928bc7a89</G> 
  <S N="Status">Online</S> 
  <S N="Parent">SPFarm Name=SERVERNAME_SharePoint_Configuration_Database</S> 
  <I64 N="Version">3661</I64> 
+ <Obj N="Properties" RefId="12">
  <TNRef RefId="3" /> 
  <DCT /> 
  </Obj>
  <S N="Farm">SPFarm Name=SERVERNAME_SharePoint_Configuration_Database</S> 
  <Ref N="UpgradedPersistedProperties" RefId="11" /> 
  </Props>
  </Obj>
  <Ref N="UpgradedPersistedProperties" RefId="11" /> 
  </Props>
+ <MS>
+ <Obj N="Zone" RefId="13">
  <TNRef RefId="1" /> 
  <ToString>Default</ToString> 
  <I32>0</I32> 
  </Obj>
  <S N="PublicUrl">http://servername</S> 
  </MS>
  </Obj>
  </Objs>

この例では、XML ファイルからの出力をインポートして、内容を見やすくします。

Import-Clixml .\Get-SPAlternateURL.xml

XML ファイルをインポートすると、パイプライン内のオブジェクトを特定の型の実際のオブジェクトと同じように使用できます。

Import-Clixml .\Get-SPAlternateURL.xml | %{$_.Uri}

また、コマンドレットの一部としてオブジェクトをパイプで連結し、予想されるすべてのプロパティ、メソッド、および TypeName を表示することもできます。 URI をパイプする例を次に示します。

Import-Clixml .\Get-SPAlternateURL.xml | %{$_.Uri | Get-Member}

関連項目

その他のリソース

Export-Clixml

Import-Clixml

Get-SPAlternateURL

ForEach-Object

Get-Member