Note

Please see Azure Cognitive Services for Speech documentation for the latest supported speech solutions.

Grammar Validator Error Messages and Format

Grammar Validator outputs a set of error and warning messages relevant to the contents of an input grammar. The tool generates errors for conditions that prevent the grammar from being loaded and used by the Microsoft Speech Platform Runtime 11. Grammar Validator generates warnings for conditions that might cause undesired runtime behavior when the grammar is used. Warnings do not prevent the grammar from being used, but indicate conditions that the grammar author might want to evaluate.

Error messages for errors detected within input files contain the following information:

  • File name (if applicable)

  • Line number within the file of the error (if applicable)

  • Message type: Error, Warning, or Info

  • Error code (if applicable)

  • Error description

The following examples demonstrate the types of error and warning messages produced by Grammar Validator. See the next section, Error Types, for further discussion of each error type.

C:\grammars\mygrammar.grxml(57): Error: A rule name was duplicated.

C:\grammars\mygrammar.grxml(83): Warning: Ambiguous Normalization

C:\grammars\mygrammar.grxml: Error: Problem opening file

C:\grammars\mygrammar.grxml(113): Error: Can't have 'continue' out of loop

Execution continues until all available errors and warnings are identified. If errors are encountered the tool returns EXIT_FAILURE (1). Upon successful completion, with no errors, the tool returns EXIT_SUCCESS (0).

Error Types

Grammar Validator reports the following types of errors.

  • Tool-specific errors

  • Speech API (SAPI) errors

  • JScript syntax errors

Tool-Specific Errors

Grammar Validator will throw an error if it encounters any of the following conditions:

  • The grammar file specified by the /In option cannot be found, or cannot be opened.

  • The grammar file specified by the /In option is not properly formed and cannot be compiled.

  • The grammar file specified by the /In option includes the name of a rule, for example: /In MyGrammar.grxml#MyRule.

  • The file specified by the /RecoConfig option cannot be found, or cannot be opened.

  • There is no file specified by the /RecoConfig option and there is no file named "RecoConfig.xml" in the current directory or in the directory that contains GrammarValidator.exe.

Remarks

Grammar Validator will attempt to load external grammars or rules specified by the uri attribute of a ruleref element to validate their contents. If an externally referenced grammar or rule cannot be loaded (for example, it is behind a firewall or the URI cannot be found), then the tool will emit a warning. If an internally referenced grammar or rule cannot be loaded, then the tool will emit an error.

If a referenced grammar defines a root rule and does not have any publicly scoped rules, then a warning will be emitted. Note that the scope for rule elements is private by default in a grammar. Rules must be declared public explicitly, using the optional attribute setting scope=”public”.

Additional warnings include:

  • A rule that cannot be reached.

  • Recursion with no outlet (for example, Rule 1 references Rule 2 which references Rule 1).

  • A GRXML-format grammar file in which the encoding element is NOT specified. This is important if characters (for example, “á”) are found in the grammar that are not UTF-8 format.

You must either specify a recognition engine configuration file using the /RecoConfig option, or create a default configuration file named "RecoConfig.xml" in the current directory (the directory for the command line), or in the directory that contains GrammarValidator.exe. The tool will generate an error if you do not supply it with a configuration file.

SAPI Errors

Grammar Validator produces a subset of SAPI errors that describe incorrect logic or syntax found in a grammar document. The following table lists and describes the SAPI errors produced by Grammar Validator.

Error Name

Hexadecimal

Description

SPERR_UNDEFINED_FORWARD_RULE_REF

0x8004501c

A rule reference in a grammar was made to a named rule that was never defined.

SPERR_EMPTY_RULE

0x8004501d

A non-dynamic grammar rule that has no body.

SPERR_GRAMMAR_COMPILER_INTERNAL_ERROR

0x8004501e

The grammar compiler failed due to an internal state error.

SPERR_RULE_NOT_DYNAMIC

0x8004501f

An attempt was made to modify a non-dynamic rule.

SPERR_DUPLICATE_RULE_NAME

0x80045020

A rule name was duplicated.

SPERR_DUPLICATE_RESOURCE_NAME

0x80045021

A resource name was duplicated for a given rule.

SPERR_TOO_MANY_GRAMMARS

0x80045022

Too many grammars have been loaded.

SPERR_CIRCULAR_REFERENCE

0x80045023

Circular reference in import rules of grammars.

SPERR_INVALID_IMPORT

0x80045024

A rule reference to an imported grammar that could not be resolved.

SPERR_ALL_WORDS_OPTIONAL

0x80045027

A grammar rule was defined with a null path through the rule. That is, it is possible to satisfy the rule conditions with no words.

Note

This is an old error code, which will not be raised in newer versions of SAPI.

SPERR_RULE_NAME_ID_CONFLICT

0x80045029

A rule exists with matching IDs (names) but different names (IDs).

SPERR_NO_RULES

0x8004502a

A grammar contains no top-level, dynamic, or exported rules. There is no possible way to activate or otherwise use any rule in this grammar.

SPERR_CIRCULAR_RULE_REF

0x8004502b

Rule 'A' refers to a second rule 'B' which, in turn, refers to rule 'A'.

SP_NO_PARSE_FOUND

0x0004502c

Parse path cannot be parsed given the currently active rules.

SPERR_NO_PARSE_FOUND

0x8004502d

Parse path cannot be parsed given the currently active rules.

SPERR_INVALID_FORMAT_STRING

0x80045033

The XML format string for this RULEREF is invalid, e.g. not a GUID or REFCLSID.

SPERR_NO_TERMINATING_RULE_PATH

0x80045036

No Terminating Rule Path.

JScript Syntax Errors

Grammar Validator reports the errors produced as a result of incorrect EcmaScript in tag elements. These errors are shown in the following table.

Error number

Description

1002

Syntax error

1003

Expected ':'

1004

Expected ';'

1005

Expected '('

1006

Expected ')'

1007

Expected ']'

1008

Expected '{'

1009

Expected '}'

1010

Expected identifier

1011

Expected '='

1012

Expected '/'

1014

Invalid character

1015

Unterminated string constant

1016

Unterminated comment

1018

'return' statement outside of function

1019

Can't have 'break' outside of loop

1020

Can't have 'continue' outside of loop

1023

Expected hexadecimal digit

1024

Expected 'while'

1025

Label redefined

1026

Label not found

1027

'default' can only appear once in a 'switch' statement

1028

Expected identifier, string or number

1029

Expected '@end'

1030

Conditional compilation is turned off

1031

Expected constant

1032

Expected '@'

1033

Expected 'catch'

1035

Throw must be followed by an expression on the same source line