WITH common_table_expression (Transact-SQL)

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH DirReps(ManagerID, DirectReports) AS 
(
    SELECT ManagerID, COUNT(*) 
    FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e
    WHERE ManagerID IS NOT NULL
    GROUP BY ManagerID
)
SELECT ManagerID, DirectReports 
FROM DirReps 
ORDER BY ManagerID;
GO

WITH DirReps (Manager, DirectReports) AS 
(
    SELECT ManagerID, COUNT(*) AS DirectReports
    FROM HumanResources.Employee
    GROUP BY ManagerID
) 
SELECT AVG(DirectReports) AS [Average Number of Direct Reports]
FROM DirReps 
WHERE DirectReports>= 2 ;
GO

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH Sales_CTE (SalesPersonID, NumberOfOrders, MaxDate)
AS
(
    SELECT SalesPersonID, COUNT(*), MAX(OrderDate)
    FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
    GROUP BY SalesPersonID
)
SELECT E.EmployeeID, OS.NumberOfOrders, OS.MaxDate,
    E.ManagerID, OM.NumberOfOrders, OM.MaxDate
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS E
    JOIN Sales_CTE AS OS
    ON E.EmployeeID = OS.SalesPersonID
    LEFT OUTER JOIN Sales_CTE AS OM
    ON E.ManagerID = OM.SalesPersonID
ORDER BY E.EmployeeID;
GO

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH DirectReports(ManagerID, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel) AS 
(
    SELECT ManagerID, EmployeeID, 0 AS EmployeeLevel
    FROM HumanResources.Employee
    WHERE ManagerID IS NULL
    UNION ALL
    SELECT e.ManagerID, e.EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel + 1
    FROM HumanResources.Employee e
        INNER JOIN DirectReports d
        ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID 
)
SELECT ManagerID, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel 
FROM DirectReports ;
GO

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH DirectReports(ManagerID, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel) AS 
(
    SELECT ManagerID, EmployeeID, 0 AS EmployeeLevel
    FROM HumanResources.Employee
    WHERE ManagerID IS NULL
    UNION ALL
    SELECT e.ManagerID, e.EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel + 1
    FROM HumanResources.Employee e
        INNER JOIN DirectReports d
        ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID 
)
SELECT ManagerID, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel 
FROM DirectReports 
WHERE EmployeeLevel <= 2 ;
GO

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH DirectReports(Name, Title, EmployeeID, EmployeeLevel, Sort)
AS (SELECT CONVERT(varchar(255), c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName),
        e.Title,
        e.EmployeeID,
        1,
        CONVERT(varchar(255), c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName)
    FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e
    JOIN Person.Contact AS c ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID 
    WHERE e.ManagerID IS NULL
    UNION ALL
    SELECT CONVERT(varchar(255), REPLICATE ('| ' , EmployeeLevel) +
        c.FirstName + ' ' + c.LastName),
        e.Title,
        e.EmployeeID,
        EmployeeLevel + 1,
        CONVERT (varchar(255), RTRIM(Sort) + '| ' + FirstName + ' ' + 
                 LastName)
    FROM HumanResources.Employee as e
    JOIN Person.Contact AS c ON e.ContactID = c.ContactID
    JOIN DirectReports AS d ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID
    )
SELECT EmployeeID, Name, Title, EmployeeLevel
FROM DirectReports 
ORDER BY Sort;
GO

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH cte (EmployeeID, ManagerID, Title)
AS
(
    SELECT EmployeeID, ManagerID, Title
    FROM HumanResources.Employee
    WHERE ManagerID IS NOT NULL
  UNION ALL
    SELECT  e.EmployeeID, e.ManagerID, e.Title
    FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e
    JOIN cte ON e.ManagerID = cte.EmployeeID
)
SELECT EmployeeID, ManagerID, Title
FROM cte;
GO

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH Parts(AssemblyID, ComponentID, PerAssemblyQty, EndDate, ComponentLevel) AS
(
    SELECT b.ProductAssemblyID, b.ComponentID, b.PerAssemblyQty,
        b.EndDate, 0 AS ComponentLevel
    FROM Production.BillOfMaterials AS b
    WHERE b.ProductAssemblyID = 800
          AND b.EndDate IS NULL
    UNION ALL
    SELECT bom.ProductAssemblyID, bom.ComponentID, p.PerAssemblyQty,
        bom.EndDate, ComponentLevel + 1
    FROM Production.BillOfMaterials AS bom 
        INNER JOIN Parts AS p
        ON bom.ProductAssemblyID = p.ComponentID
        AND bom.EndDate IS NULL
)
SELECT AssemblyID, ComponentID, Name, PerAssemblyQty, EndDate,
        ComponentLevel 
FROM Parts AS p
    INNER JOIN Production.Product AS pr
    ON p.ComponentID = pr.ProductID
ORDER BY ComponentLevel, AssemblyID, ComponentID;
GO

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
WITH DirectReports(EmployeeID, NewVacationHours, EmployeeLevel)
AS
(SELECT e.EmployeeID, e.VacationHours, 1
  FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e
  WHERE e.ManagerID = 12
  UNION ALL
  SELECT e.EmployeeID, e.VacationHours, EmployeeLevel + 1
  FROM HumanResources.Employee as e
  JOIN DirectReports AS d ON e.ManagerID = d.EmployeeID
)
UPDATE HumanResources.Employee
SET VacationHours = VacationHours * 1.25
FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e
JOIN DirectReports AS d ON e.EmployeeID = d.EmployeeID;
GO

-- Genealogy table
IF OBJECT_ID('Person','U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE Person;
GO
CREATE TABLE Person(ID int, Name varchar(30), Mother int, Father int);
GO
INSERT Person VALUES(1, 'Sue', NULL, NULL);
INSERT Person VALUES(2, 'Ed', NULL, NULL);
INSERT Person VALUES(3, 'Emma', 1, 2);
INSERT Person VALUES(4, 'Jack', 1, 2);
INSERT Person VALUES(5, 'Jane', NULL, NULL);
INSERT Person VALUES(6, 'Bonnie', 5, 4);
INSERT Person VALUES(7, 'Bill', 5, 4);
GO
-- Create the recursive CTE to find all of Bonnie's ancestors.
WITH Generation (ID) AS
(
-- First anchor member returns Bonnie's mother.
    SELECT Mother 
    FROM Person
    WHERE Name = 'Bonnie'
UNION
-- Second anchor member returns Bonnie's father.
    SELECT Father 
    FROM Person
    WHERE Name = 'Bonnie'
UNION ALL
-- First recursive member returns male ancestors of the previous generation.
    SELECT Person.Father
    FROM Generation, Person
    WHERE Generation.ID=Person.ID
UNION ALL
-- Second recursive member returns female ancestors of the previous generation.
    SELECT Person.Mother
    FROM Generation, Person
    WHERE Generation.ID=Person.ID
)
SELECT Person.ID, Person.Name, Person.Mother, Person.Father
FROM Generation, Person
WHERE Generation.ID = Person.ID;
GO