Como: Vincular os dados para o controle DataGridView do Windows Forms

Artigo
08/01/2011

O DataGridView controle suporta o modelo de ligação de dados de formulários do Windows padrão, para que ele se ligará a uma variedade de fontes de dados. Na maioria das circunstâncias, no entanto, você irá acoplar a um BindingSource componente que gerenciará os detalhes de interagir com a fonte de dados. O BindingSource componente pode representar qualquer fonte de dados do Windows Forms e oferece grande flexibilidade ao escolher ou modificar o local dos dados. Para obter mais informações sobre as fontes de dados com suporte a DataGridView controle, consulte Visão geral do controle DataGridView (Windows Forms).

Não há suporte extensivo para essa tarefa em Visual Studio. Para obter mais informações, consulte Como: BIND Data to the DataGridView Windows Forms Controlar Using the Designer e Como: BIND Data to the DataGridView Windows Forms Controlar Using the Designer e Como: BIND Data to the DataGridView Windows Forms Controlar Using the Designer e Como: BIND dados ao controle DataGridView do Windows Forms usando o Designer e Como: Vincular dados ao controle DataGridView do Windows Forms usando o Designer.

Procedimento

Para se conectar a um controle DataGridView a dados

Implemente um método para manipular os detalhes de recuperar dados de um banco de dados. O seguinte código exemplo implementa um GetData método inicializa um SqlDataAdapter componente e o usa para preencher um DataTable. O DataTable é então ligado para o BindingSource componente. Certifique-se de definir o connectionString variável para um valor que é apropriado para seu banco de dados. Você precisará de acesso a um servidor com banco de dados de exemplo Northwind de SQL Server instalado.

Private Sub GetData(ByVal selectCommand As String)

    Try
        ' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        ' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        ' database accessible to your system.
        Dim connectionString As String = _
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" + _
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"

        ' Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
        Me.dataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString)

        ' Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
        ' delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
        ' update the database.
        Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(Me.dataAdapter)

        ' Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
        Dim table As New DataTable()
        table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
        Me.dataAdapter.Fill(table)
        Me.bindingSource1.DataSource = table

        ' Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
        Me.dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( _
            DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader)
    Catch ex As SqlException
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " + _
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " + _
            "valid for your system.")
    End Try

End Sub

private void GetData(string selectCommand)
{
    try
    {
        // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        // database accessible to your system.
        String connectionString =
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

        // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
        dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

        // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
        // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
        // update the database.
        SqlCommandBuilder commandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

        // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
        DataTable table = new DataTable();
        table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
        dataAdapter.Fill(table);
        bindingSource1.DataSource = table;

        // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
        dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( 
            DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader);
    }
    catch (SqlException)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
            "valid for your system.");
    }
}

private:
    void GetData(String^ selectCommand)
    {
        try
        {
            // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            // database accessible to your system.
            String^ connectionString = 
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

            // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            dataAdapter = gcnew SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

            // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            // update the database.
            gcnew SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

            // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            DataTable^ table = gcnew DataTable();
            dataAdapter->Fill(table);
            bindingSource1->DataSource = table;

            // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            dataGridView1->AutoResizeColumns( 
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode::AllCellsExceptHeader);
        }
        catch (SqlException^)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
                "valid for your system.");
        }
    }

Em seu formulário Load manipulador de eventos, vincular a DataGridView o controle para o BindingSource componente e chama o GetData método para recuperar os dados do banco de dados.

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles Me.Load

    ' Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
    ' and load the data from the database.
    Me.dataGridView1.DataSource = Me.bindingSource1
    GetData("select * from Customers")

End Sub

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
    // and load the data from the database.
    dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1;
    GetData("select * from Customers");
}

void Form1_Load(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
{
    // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
    // and load the data from the database.
    dataGridView1->DataSource = bindingSource1;
    GetData("select * from Customers");
}

Exemplo

O exemplo de código completo a seguir fornece botões para recarregar os dados do banco de dados e enviar alterações para o banco de dados.

Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private dataGridView1 As New DataGridView()
    Private bindingSource1 As New BindingSource()
    Private dataAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter()
    Private WithEvents reloadButton As New Button()
    Private WithEvents submitButton As New Button()

    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    ' Initialize the form.
    Public Sub New()

        Me.dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill

        Me.reloadButton.Text = "reload"
        Me.submitButton.Text = "submit"

        Dim panel As New FlowLayoutPanel()
        panel.Dock = DockStyle.Top
        panel.AutoSize = True
        panel.Controls.AddRange(New Control() {Me.reloadButton, Me.submitButton})

        Me.Controls.AddRange(New Control() {Me.dataGridView1, panel})
        Me.Text = "DataGridView databinding and updating demo"

    End Sub

    Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles Me.Load

        ' Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
        ' and load the data from the database.
        Me.dataGridView1.DataSource = Me.bindingSource1
        GetData("select * from Customers")

    End Sub

    Private Sub reloadButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles reloadButton.Click

        ' Reload the data from the database.
        GetData(Me.dataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText)

    End Sub

    Private Sub submitButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles submitButton.Click

        ' Update the database with the user's changes.
        Me.dataAdapter.Update(CType(Me.bindingSource1.DataSource, DataTable))

    End Sub

    Private Sub GetData(ByVal selectCommand As String)

        Try
            ' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            ' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            ' database accessible to your system.
            Dim connectionString As String = _
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" + _
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"

            ' Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            Me.dataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString)

            ' Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            ' delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            ' update the database.
            Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(Me.dataAdapter)

            ' Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            Dim table As New DataTable()
            table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
            Me.dataAdapter.Fill(table)
            Me.bindingSource1.DataSource = table

            ' Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            Me.dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( _
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader)
        Catch ex As SqlException
            MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " + _
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " + _
                "valid for your system.")
        End Try

    End Sub

End Class

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private DataGridView dataGridView1 = new DataGridView();
    private BindingSource bindingSource1 = new BindingSource();
    private SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
    private Button reloadButton = new Button();
    private Button submitButton = new Button();

    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    // Initialize the form.
    public Form1()
    {
        dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

        reloadButton.Text = "reload";
        submitButton.Text = "submit";
        reloadButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(reloadButton_Click);
        submitButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(submitButton_Click);

        FlowLayoutPanel panel = new FlowLayoutPanel();
        panel.Dock = DockStyle.Top;
        panel.AutoSize = true;
        panel.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { reloadButton, submitButton });

        this.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { dataGridView1, panel });
        this.Load += new System.EventHandler(Form1_Load);
        this.Text = "DataGridView databinding and updating demo";
    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
        // and load the data from the database.
        dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1;
        GetData("select * from Customers");
    }

    private void reloadButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Reload the data from the database.
        GetData(dataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText);
    }

    private void submitButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Update the database with the user's changes.
        dataAdapter.Update((DataTable)bindingSource1.DataSource);
    }

    private void GetData(string selectCommand)
    {
        try
        {
            // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            // database accessible to your system.
            String connectionString =
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

            // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

            // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            // update the database.
            SqlCommandBuilder commandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

            // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            DataTable table = new DataTable();
            table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
            dataAdapter.Fill(table);
            bindingSource1.DataSource = table;

            // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( 
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader);
        }
        catch (SqlException)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
                "valid for your system.");
        }
    }

}

#using <System.Data.dll>
#using <System.Transactions.dll>
#using <System.EnterpriseServices.dll>
#using <System.Xml.dll>
#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Data;
using namespace System::Data::SqlClient;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

public ref class Form1 : public System::Windows::Forms::Form
{
private:
    DataGridView^ dataGridView1;
private:
    BindingSource^ bindingSource1;
private:
    SqlDataAdapter^ dataAdapter;
private:
    Button^ reloadButton;
private:
    Button^ submitButton;

public:
    static void Main()
    {
        Application::Run(gcnew Form1());
    }

    // Initialize the form.
public:
    Form1()
    {
        dataGridView1 = gcnew DataGridView();
        bindingSource1 = gcnew BindingSource();
        dataAdapter = gcnew SqlDataAdapter();
        reloadButton = gcnew Button();
        submitButton = gcnew Button();

        dataGridView1->Dock = DockStyle::Fill;

        reloadButton->Text = "reload";
        submitButton->Text = "submit";
        reloadButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::reloadButton_Click);
        submitButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::submitButton_Click);

        FlowLayoutPanel^ panel = gcnew FlowLayoutPanel();
        panel->Dock = DockStyle::Top;
        panel->AutoSize = true;
        panel->Controls->AddRange(gcnew array<Control^> { reloadButton, submitButton });

        this->Controls->AddRange(gcnew array<Control^> { dataGridView1, panel });
        this->Load += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::Form1_Load);
    }

    void Form1_Load(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
    {
        // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
        // and load the data from the database.
        dataGridView1->DataSource = bindingSource1;
        GetData("select * from Customers");
    }

    void reloadButton_Click(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
    {
        // Reload the data from the database.
        GetData(dataAdapter->SelectCommand->CommandText);
    }

    void submitButton_Click(Object^ /*sender*/, System::EventArgs^ /*e*/)
    {
        // Update the database with the user's changes.
        dataAdapter->Update((DataTable^)bindingSource1->DataSource);
    }

private:
    void GetData(String^ selectCommand)
    {
        try
        {
            // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            // database accessible to your system.
            String^ connectionString = 
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

            // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            dataAdapter = gcnew SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

            // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            // update the database.
            gcnew SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

            // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            DataTable^ table = gcnew DataTable();
            dataAdapter->Fill(table);
            bindingSource1->DataSource = table;

            // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            dataGridView1->AutoResizeColumns( 
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode::AllCellsExceptHeader);
        }
        catch (SqlException^)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
                "valid for your system.");
        }
    }
};

Compilando o código

Este exemplo requer:

Referências aos assemblies do sistema, System.Windows.Forms, System. Data e System. XML.

Para obter informações sobre como criar este exemplo a partir da linha de comando para Visual Basic ou Visual C#, consulte Compilando a partir da linha de comando (Visual Basic) ou Comando -<>>linha criando com CSC. exe. Você também pode construir este exemplo no Visual Studio colando o código em um novo projeto. Para obter mais informações, consulte Como: Compilar e executar um exemplo de código Windows Forms concluída usando Visual Studio e Como: Compilar e executar um exemplo de código Windows Forms concluída usando Visual Studio e Como: Compilar e executar um exemplo de código Windows Forms concluída usando Visual Studio e Como: Compilar e executar um exemplo de código de formulários Windows concluída usando o Visual Studio e Como: Compilar e executar um exemplo de código de formulários de Windows completa usando Visual Studio e Como compilar e executar um exemplo de código dos Windows Forms concluído usando Visual Studio.

Segurança

Armazenar informações confidenciais, como, por exemplo, uma senha, dentro da seqüência de conexão pode afetar a segurança do seu aplicativo. Usando a autenticação do Windows (também conhecida como segurança integrada) é uma maneira mais segura de controlar o acesso a um banco de dados. Para obter mais informações, consulte Protecting Connection Information (ADO.NET).

Consulte também

Compartilhar via

Como: Vincular os dados para o controle DataGridView do Windows Forms

Procedimento

Para se conectar a um controle DataGridView a dados

Exemplo

Compilando o código

Segurança

Consulte também

Referência

Conceitos

Outros recursos

Recursos adicionais