Buscar colunas no SQL Server Native Client usando IRow::GetColumns (OLE DB)
Aplica-se a: 
SQL Server Banco de Dados SQL do Azure Instância Gerenciada de SQL do Azure PDW (Sistema de Plataforma de Análise) do Azure Synapse Analytics
A interface IRow permite o acesso direto a colunas de uma única linha no conjunto de resultados. Portanto, IRow é um modo eficiente de recuperar colunas de um conjunto de resultados com uma linha.
Está disponível um exemplo de código que mostra como buscar uma linha usando IRow. Nesse exemplo, uma coluna de cada vez é recuperada da linha. O exemplo mostra:
Como buscar um grupo de colunas (em sequência).
Como acessar uma coluna duas vezes. Na primeira vez a largura da coluna real é obtida, e depois os dados reais são acessados. Na estrutura DBCOLUMNACCESS, se pData for NULL e cbMaxLen for 0, a chamada para IRow->GetColumns() retornará apenas o comprimento de coluna real. Nesse caso, IRow->GetColumns() poderá ser chamado novamente na mesma coluna para recuperar os dados reais.
Importante
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Para buscar colunas usando IRow::GetColumns
Estabeleça uma conexão com a fonte de dados.
Execute o comando (no exemplo a seguir, ICommandExecute::Execute() é chamado com IID_IRow).
Execute IRow::GetColumns() para buscar uma ou mais colunas na linha resultante. Se você desejar localizar o tamanho de coluna real antes de buscar os dados, defina pData em DBCOLUMNACCESS como NULL. A chamada para IRow::GetColumns() retorna somente a largura da coluna. Outra chamada para IRow::GetColumns() buscará os dados.
Execute IRow::GetColumns() até que todas as colunas necessárias sejam acessadas. As colunas precisam ser acessadas em sequência.
Exemplo
Este exemplo mostra como usar a interface IRow para permitir acesso direto a colunas de uma única linha no conjunto de resultados. O exemplo mostra:
Como buscar um grupo de colunas em sequência.
Como acessar uma coluna duas vezes - na primeira vez a largura da coluna real é obtida e, em seguida, os dados reais são acessados.
Na estrutura DBCOLUMNACCESS, se pData for NULL e cbMaxLen for 0, a chamada para IRow->GetColumns retornará somente o comprimento de coluna real. Nesse caso, IRow->GetColumns poderá ser chamado novamente na mesma coluna para recuperar os dados reais. Este exemplo não tem suporte em IA64.
Os exemplos de código do Transact-SQL deste artigo usa o banco de dados de exemplo AdventureWorks2022 ou AdventureWorksDW2022, que pode ser baixado da home page Microsoft SQL Server Samples and Community Projects.
A primeira listagem de código (Transact-SQL) cria uma tabela usada pelo exemplo.
Compile com ole32.lib oleaut32.lib e execute a segunda listagem de código (C++). Esse aplicativo se conecta à instância padrão do SQL Server do computador. Em alguns sistemas operacionais Windows, será necessário alterar (localhost) ou (local) para o nome de sua instância do SQL Server . Para se conectar a uma instância nomeada, altere a cadeia de conexão de L "(local)" para L"(local)\\name", em que name é a instância nomeada. Por padrão, o SQL Server Express é instalado em uma instância nomeada. Verifique se a variável de ambiente INCLUDE inclui o diretório que contém sqlncli.h.
A terceira listagem de código (Transact-SQL) exclui a tabela usada pelo exemplo.
USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO
if exists (select name from sysobjects where name = 'MyTable')
drop table MyTable
go
create table MyTable
(
col1 int,
col2 varchar(50),
col3 char(50),
col4 datetime,
col5 float,
col6 money,
col7 sql_variant,
col8 binary(50),
col9 text,
col10 image
)
go
insert into MyTable
values
(
10,
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
'11/1/1999 11:52 AM',
3.14,
99.95,
convert(nchar(50), N'AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOpQrStUvWxYz'),
0x123456789,
replicate('AAAAABBBBB', 500),
replicate(0x123456789, 500)
)
Go
// compile with: ole32.lib oleaut32.lib
#define DBINITCONSTANTS
#define OLEDBVER 0x0250 // to include correct interfaces
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <oledb.h>
#include <sqlncli.h>
using namespace std;
int InitializeAndEstablishConnection();
HRESULT GetColumnSize(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iCol);
ULONG PrintData(ULONG iCols, ULONG iStart, DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo, DBCOLUMNACCESS* prgColumns);
HRESULT GetColumns(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iStart, ULONG iEnd);
IDBInitialize* pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties* pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession* pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
IDBCreateCommand* pIDBCreateCommand = NULL;
ICommandText* pICommandText = NULL;
IRow * pIRow = NULL;
DBCOLUMNINFO* pDBColumnInfo = NULL;
IAccessor* pIAccessor = NULL;
DBPROP InitProperties[4];
DBPROPSET rgInitPropSet[1];
ULONG i, j;
HRESULT hresult;
DBROWCOUNT cNumRows = 0;
ULONG lNumCols;
WCHAR* pStringsBuffer;
DBBINDING* pBindings;
ULONG ConsumerBufColOffset = 0;
HACCESSOR hAccessor;
ULONG lNumRowsRetrieved;
HROW hRows[10];
HROW* pRows = &hRows[0];
int main() {
ULONG iidx = 0;
WCHAR* wCmdString = OLESTR(" SELECT * FROM MyTable");
// Call a function to initialize and establish connection.
if (InitializeAndEstablishConnection() == -1) {
cout << "Failed to initialize and establish connection.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Create a session object.
if (FAILED(pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface (
IID_IDBCreateSession, (void**) &pIDBCreateSession))) {
cout << "Failed to obtain IDBCreateSession interface.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
if (FAILED(pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession( NULL, IID_IDBCreateCommand, (IUnknown**) &pIDBCreateCommand))) {
cout << "pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession failed.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Access the ICommandText interface.
if (FAILED(pIDBCreateCommand->CreateCommand( NULL, IID_ICommandText, (IUnknown**) &pICommandText))) {
cout << "Failed to access ICommand interface.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Use SetCommandText() to specify the command text.
if (FAILED(pICommandText->SetCommandText(DBGUID_DBSQL, wCmdString))) {
cout << "Failed to set command text.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Fetch columns 1-5 and then 6-10 and display the contents
if (FAILED(hresult = pICommandText->Execute(NULL, IID_IRow, NULL, &cNumRows, (IUnknown **) &pIRow))) {
cout << "Failed to execute command.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
hresult = GetColumns(pIRow, 1, 5);
hresult = GetColumns(pIRow, 6, 10);
hresult = pIRow->Release();
// Execute the command.
if (FAILED(hresult = pICommandText->Execute(NULL, IID_IRow, NULL, &cNumRows, (IUnknown **) &pIRow))) {
cout << "Failed to execute command.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Get columns
for ( iidx = 1 ; iidx <= 10 ; iidx++ ) {
if (FAILED(hresult = GetColumnSize(pIRow, iidx))) {
cout << "Failed to get column size.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
hresult = GetColumns(pIRow, iidx, iidx);
}
pIRow->Release();
// Release memory.
pICommandText->Release();
pIDBCreateCommand->Release();
pIDBCreateSession->Release();
if (FAILED(pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize())) {
// Uninitialize not required, but fails if an interface has not been released. Can be used for debugging.
cout << "Problem uninitializing.\n";
}
pIDBInitialize->Release();
// Release the COM library.
CoUninitialize();
return 0;
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL InitColumn(DBCOLUMNACCESS* pCol, DBCOLUMNINFO* pInfo) {
// If text or image column is being read,in which case the max possible length of a value is
// the column is hugh,we will limit that size to 512 bytes (for illustration purposes).
DBLENGTH ulSize = (pInfo->ulColumnSize < 0x7fffffff) ? pInfo->ulColumnSize : 512;
// Verify dta buffer is large enough.
if (pCol->cbMaxLen < (ulSize + 1)) {
if (pCol->pData) {
delete [] pCol->pData;
pCol->pData = NULL;
}
// Allocate data buffer
void * p = pCol->pData = new WCHAR[ulSize + 1];
if (!(p /* pCol->pData = new WCHAR[ulSize + 1] */ ))
return FALSE;
// set the max length of caller-initialized memory.
pCol->cbMaxLen = sizeof(WCHAR) * (ulSize + 1);
// In the above 2 steps, pData is pointing to memory (it is not NULL) and cbMaxLen has a value
// (not 0), so next call to IRow->GetData() will read the data from the column.
}
// Clear memory buffer
ZeroMemory((void*) pCol->pData, pCol->cbMaxLen);
// Set properties.
pCol->wType = DBTYPE_WSTR;
pCol->columnid = pInfo->columnid;
pCol->cbDataLen = 0;
pCol->dwStatus = 0;
pCol->dwReserved = 0;
pCol->bPrecision = 0;
pCol->bScale = 0;
return TRUE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT GetColumns(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iStart, ULONG iEnd) {
// Start and end are same. Thus, get only one column.
HRESULT hr;
ULONG iidx; // loop counter
DBORDINAL cColumns; // Count of columns
ULONG cUserCols; // Count of user columns
DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo; // Column of info. array
OLECHAR* pColNames; // Array of column names
DBCOLUMNACCESS* prgColumns; // Ptr to column access structures array
DBCOLUMNINFO* pCurrInfo;
DBCOLUMNACCESS* pCurrCol;
IColumnsInfo* pIColumnsInfo = NULL;
// Initialize
cColumns = 0;
prgInfo = NULL;
pColNames = NULL;
prgColumns = NULL;
printf("Retrieving data\n");
// Get column info to build column access array
hr = pUnkRow->QueryInterface(IID_IColumnsInfo, (void**)&pIColumnsInfo);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
hr = pIColumnsInfo->GetColumnInfo(&cColumns, &prgInfo, &pColNames);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
printf("In GetColumns(), Columns= %d\n", cColumns);
// Determine no. of columns to retrieve. Since iEnd and iStart is same, this is redundent step.
// cUserCols will always be 1.
cUserCols = iEnd - iStart + 1;
// Walk list of columns and setup a DBCOLUMNACCESS structure
if (!(prgColumns= new DBCOLUMNACCESS[cUserCols])) { // cUserCols is only 1
hr = E_FAIL;
goto CLEANUP;
}
ZeroMemory((void*) prgColumns, sizeof(DBCOLUMNACCESS) * cUserCols);
for ( iidx = 0 ; iidx < cUserCols ; iidx++ ) {
pCurrInfo = prgInfo + iidx + iStart - 1;
pCurrCol = prgColumns + iidx;
// Here the values of DBCOLUMNACCESS elements is set (pData and cbMaxLen)Thus IRow->GetColumns()
// will return actual data.
if (InitColumn(pCurrCol, pCurrInfo) == FALSE)
goto CLEANUP;
}
hr = pUnkRow->GetColumns(cUserCols, prgColumns); // cUserCols = 1
if (FAILED(hr))
printf("Error occurred\n");
// Show data.
PrintData(cUserCols, iStart, prgInfo, prgColumns);
CLEANUP:
if (pIColumnsInfo)
pIColumnsInfo->Release();
if (prgColumns)
delete [] prgColumns;
return hr;
}
// This function returns the actual width of the data in the column (not the columnwidth in
// DBCOLUMNFO structure which is the width of the column)
HRESULT GetColumnSize(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iCol) {
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBORDINAL cColumns = 0; // Count the columns
DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo; // Column info array
OLECHAR* pColNames;
DBCOLUMNACCESS column;
DBCOLUMNINFO* pCurrInfo;
IColumnsInfo* pIColumnsInfo = NULL;
// Initialize
prgInfo = NULL;
pColNames = NULL;
printf("Checking column size\n");
// Get column info to build column access array
hr = pUnkRow->QueryInterface(IID_IColumnsInfo, (void**) &pIColumnsInfo);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
hr = pIColumnsInfo->GetColumnInfo(&cColumns, &prgInfo, &pColNames);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
printf("Value of cColumns is %d\n", cColumns);
// Setup a DBCOLUMNACCESS structure: Here pData is set to NULL and cbMaxLen is set to 0. Thus
// IRow->GetColumns() returns only the actual column length in cbDataLen member of DBCOLUMNACCESS
// structure. In this case you can call IRow->GetColumns() again for the same column to retrieve
// actual data in the second call.
ZeroMemory((void*) &column, sizeof(DBCOLUMNACCESS));
column.pData = NULL;
pCurrInfo = prgInfo + iCol - 1;
// Get the column id in DBCOLUMNACCESS structure. It is then used in GetColumn().
column.columnid = pCurrInfo->columnid;
printf("column.columnid value is %d\n", column.columnid);
// We know which column to get. The column.columnid gives the column no.
hr = pUnkRow->GetColumns(1, &column);
if (FAILED(hr))
printf("Errors occurred\n");
// Show data
PrintData(1, iCol, prgInfo, &column);
CLEANUP:
if (pIColumnsInfo)
pIColumnsInfo->Release();
return hr;
}
BOOL GetStatus(DWORD dwStatus, WCHAR* pwszStatus) {
switch (dwStatus) {
case DBSTATUS_S_OK:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_S_OK");
break;
case DBSTATUS_E_UNAVAILABLE:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_E_UNAVAILABLE");
break;
case DBSTATUS_S_TRUNCATED:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_S_TRUNCATED");
break;
}
return TRUE;
}
ULONG PrintData(ULONG iCols, ULONG iStart, DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo, DBCOLUMNACCESS* prgColumns) {
WCHAR wszStatus[255];
DBCOLUMNINFO* pCurrInfo;
DBCOLUMNACCESS* pCurrCol;
ULONG iidx;
printf("No. Name Status Length Max Data\n");
for ( iidx = 0 ; iidx < iCols ; iidx++ ) {
pCurrInfo = prgInfo + iidx + iStart - 1;
pCurrCol = prgColumns + iidx;
GetStatus(pCurrCol->dwStatus, wszStatus);
// was the data successfully retrieved?
wprintf(L"%-3d %-*s %-20s %-3d %-3d %-20s\n", iStart+iidx,
10,
pCurrInfo->pwszName,
wszStatus,
pCurrCol->cbDataLen,
pCurrCol->cbMaxLen,
(WCHAR*) pCurrCol->pData);
}
wprintf(L"\n");
return iidx;
}
int InitializeAndEstablishConnection() {
// Initialize the COM library.
CoInitialize(NULL);
// Obtain access to the SQLNCLI provider.
hresult = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLNCLI11,
NULL,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize,
(void **) &pIDBInitialize);
if (FAILED(hresult)) {
printf("Failed to get IDBInitialize interface.\n");
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
// Initialize the property values needed to establish the connection.
for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
VariantInit(&InitProperties[i].vValue);
// Server name.
InitProperties[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
InitProperties[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[0].vValue.bstrVal= SysAllocString(L"(local)");
InitProperties[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[0].colid = DB_NULLID;
// Database.
InitProperties[1].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_CATALOG;
InitProperties[1].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[1].vValue.bstrVal= SysAllocString(L"AdventureWorks");
InitProperties[1].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[1].colid = DB_NULLID;
InitProperties[2].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_AUTH_INTEGRATED;
InitProperties[2].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[2].vValue.bstrVal= SysAllocString(L"SSPI");
InitProperties[2].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[2].colid = DB_NULLID;
// Now that the properties are set, construct the DBPROPSET structure (rgInitPropSet). The DBPROPSET
// structure is used to pass an array of DBPROP structures (InitProperties) to the SetProperties method.
rgInitPropSet[0].guidPropertySet= DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
rgInitPropSet[0].cProperties = 4;
rgInitPropSet[0].rgProperties = InitProperties;
// Set initialization properties.
hresult = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties, (void **)&pIDBProperties);
if (FAILED(hresult)) {
cout << "Failed to get IDBProperties interface.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
hresult = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, rgInitPropSet);
if (FAILED(hresult)) {
cout << "Failed to set initialization properties.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling.
return -1;
}
pIDBProperties->Release();
// Now establish the connection to the data source.
if (FAILED(pIDBInitialize->Initialize()))
cout << "Problem establishing connection to the data source.\n";
return 0;
}
USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO
if exists (select name from sysobjects where name = 'MyTable')
drop table MyTable
go