Como criar barras de ferramentas

  • Artigo

Para criar uma barra de ferramentas, use a função CreateWindowEx, especificando a classe de janela TOOLBARCLASSNAME. A barra de ferramentas resultante inicialmente não contém botões. Adicione botões à barra de ferramentas usando a mensagem TB_ADDBUTTONS ou TB_INSERTBUTTON. Você deve enviar a mensagem TB_AUTOSIZE depois que todos os itens e cadeias de caracteres foram inseridos no controle, para fazer com que a barra de ferramentas recalcule seu tamanho com base em seu conteúdo.

O que você precisa saber

Tecnologias

Pré-requisitos

  • C/C++
  • Programação da interface do usuário do Windows

Instruções

Criar uma barra de ferramentas

O código de exemplo a seguir cria a barra de ferramentas mostrada na ilustração, usando ícones padrão do sistema. O botão Salvar está inicialmente desabilitado.

screen shot showing a dialog box with three toolbar items arranged horizontally, each of which has an icon and a text label

HIMAGELIST g_hImageList = NULL;

HWND CreateSimpleToolbar(HWND hWndParent)
{
    // Declare and initialize local constants.
    const int ImageListID    = 0;
    const int numButtons     = 3;
    const int bitmapSize     = 16;
    
    const DWORD buttonStyles = BTNS_AUTOSIZE;

    // Create the toolbar.
    HWND hWndToolbar = CreateWindowEx(0, TOOLBARCLASSNAME, NULL, 
                                      WS_CHILD | TBSTYLE_WRAPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
                                      hWndParent, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);
        
    if (hWndToolbar == NULL)
        return NULL;

    // Create the image list.
    g_hImageList = ImageList_Create(bitmapSize, bitmapSize,   // Dimensions of individual bitmaps.
                                    ILC_COLOR16 | ILC_MASK,   // Ensures transparent background.
                                    numButtons, 0);

    // Set the image list.
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_SETIMAGELIST, 
                (WPARAM)ImageListID, 
                (LPARAM)g_hImageList);

    // Load the button images.
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_LOADIMAGES, 
                (WPARAM)IDB_STD_SMALL_COLOR, 
                (LPARAM)HINST_COMMCTRL);

    // Initialize button info.
    // IDM_NEW, IDM_OPEN, and IDM_SAVE are application-defined command constants.
    
    TBBUTTON tbButtons[numButtons] = 
    {
        { MAKELONG(STD_FILENEW,  ImageListID), IDM_NEW,  TBSTATE_ENABLED, buttonStyles, {0}, 0, (INT_PTR)L"New" },
        { MAKELONG(STD_FILEOPEN, ImageListID), IDM_OPEN, TBSTATE_ENABLED, buttonStyles, {0}, 0, (INT_PTR)L"Open"},
        { MAKELONG(STD_FILESAVE, ImageListID), IDM_SAVE, 0,               buttonStyles, {0}, 0, (INT_PTR)L"Save"}
    };

    // Add buttons.
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_BUTTONSTRUCTSIZE, (WPARAM)sizeof(TBBUTTON), 0);
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_ADDBUTTONS,       (WPARAM)numButtons,       (LPARAM)&tbButtons);

    // Resize the toolbar, and then show it.
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_AUTOSIZE, 0, 0); 
    ShowWindow(hWndToolbar,  TRUE);
    
    return hWndToolbar;
}

O exemplo a seguir cria a mesma barra de ferramentas da mesma maneira, mas, nesse caso, as cadeias de caracteres são lidas de um recurso.

HIMAGELIST g_hImageList = NULL;

HWND CreateToolbarFromResource(HWND hWndParent)
{
    // Declare and initialize local constants.
    const int ImageListID    = 0;
    const int numButtons     = 3;
    const int bitmapSize     = 16;
    
    const DWORD buttonStyles = BTNS_AUTOSIZE;

    // Create the toolbar.
    HWND hWndToolbar = CreateWindowEx(0, TOOLBARCLASSNAME, NULL, 
                                      WS_CHILD | TBSTYLE_WRAPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                                      hWndParent, NULL, g_hInst, NULL);
    if (hWndToolbar == NULL)
        return NULL;

    // Create the image list.
    g_hImageList = ImageList_Create(bitmapSize, bitmapSize, // Dimensions of individual bitmaps.
                                    ILC_COLOR16 | ILC_MASK, // Ensures transparent background.
                                    numButtons, 0);

    // Set the image list.
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_SETIMAGELIST, 
                (WPARAM)ImageListID, 
                (LPARAM)g_hImageList);

    // Load the button images.
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_LOADIMAGES, 
                (WPARAM)IDB_STD_SMALL_COLOR, 
                (LPARAM)HINST_COMMCTRL);

    // Load the text from a resource.
    
    // In the string table, the text for all buttons is a single entry that 
    // appears as "~New~Open~Save~~". The separator character is arbitrary, 
    // but it must appear as the first character of the string. The message 
    // returns the index of the first item, and the items are numbered 
    // consecutively.
    
    int iNew = SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_ADDSTRING, 
                           (WPARAM)g_hInst, (LPARAM)IDS_NEW); 
 
    // Initialize button info.
    // IDM_NEW, IDM_OPEN, and IDM_SAVE are application-defined command constants.
    
    TBBUTTON tbButtons[numButtons] = 
    {
        { MAKELONG(STD_FILENEW,  ImageListID), IDM_NEW,  TBSTATE_ENABLED, buttonStyles, {0}, 0, iNew },
        { MAKELONG(STD_FILEOPEN, ImageListID), IDM_OPEN, TBSTATE_ENABLED, buttonStyles, {0}, 0, iNew + 1},
        { MAKELONG(STD_FILESAVE, ImageListID), IDM_SAVE, 0,               buttonStyles, {0}, 0, iNew + 2}
    };

    // Add buttons.
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_BUTTONSTRUCTSIZE, (WPARAM)sizeof(TBBUTTON), 0);
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_ADDBUTTONS,       (WPARAM)numButtons,       (LPARAM)&tbButtons);

    // Resize the toolbar, and then show it.
    SendMessage(hWndToolbar, TB_AUTOSIZE, 0, 0); 
    ShowWindow(hWndToolbar,  TRUE);
    
    return hWndToolbar;
}

Usando controles da barra de ferramentas

Demonstração de controles comuns do Windows (CppWindowsCommonControls)