select-sats (C#-referens)
I ett frågeuttryck select anger satsen vilken typ av värden som ska skapas när frågan körs. Resultatet baseras på utvärderingen av alla tidigare satser och alla uttryck i select själva satsen. Ett frågeuttryck måste avslutas med antingen en select -sats eller en grupp-sats .
I följande exempel visas en enkel select sats i ett frågeuttryck.
class SelectSample1
{
static void Main()
{
//Create the data source
List<int> Scores = [97, 92, 81, 60];
// Create the query.
IEnumerable<int> queryHighScores =
from score in Scores
where score > 80
select score;
// Execute the query.
foreach (int i in queryHighScores)
{
Console.Write(i + " ");
}
}
}
//Output: 97 92 81
Typen av sekvens som skapas av select -satsen avgör typen av frågevariabeln queryHighScores. I det enklaste fallet select anger satsen bara intervallvariabeln. Detta gör att den returnerade sekvensen innehåller element av samma typ som datakällan. Mer information finns i Ange relationer i LINQ-frågeåtgärder. Satsen innehåller dock select också en kraftfull mekanism för att omvandla (eller projicera) källdata till nya typer. Mer information finns i Datatransformeringar med LINQ (C#).
Exempel
I följande exempel visas alla olika former som en select sats kan ha. Observera relationen mellan select -satsen och typen av frågevariabel (studentQuery1, studentQuery2och så vidare) i varje fråga.
class SelectSample2
{
// Define some classes
public class Student
{
public required string First { get; init; }
public required string Last { get; init; }
public required int ID { get; init; }
public required List<int> Scores;
public ContactInfo? GetContactInfo(SelectSample2 app, int id)
{
ContactInfo? cInfo =
(from ci in app.contactList
where ci.ID == id
select ci)
.FirstOrDefault();
return cInfo;
}
public override string ToString() => $"{First} {Last}:{ID}";
}
public class ContactInfo
{
public required int ID { get; init; }
public required string Email { get; init; }
public required string Phone { get; init; }
public override string ToString() => $"{Email},{Phone}";
}
public class ScoreInfo
{
public double Average { get; init; }
public int ID { get; init; }
}
// The primary data source
List<Student> students =
[
new Student {First="Svetlana", Last="Omelchenko", ID=111, Scores= new List<int>() {97, 92, 81, 60}},
new Student {First="Claire", Last="O'Donnell", ID=112, Scores= new List<int>() {75, 84, 91, 39}},
new Student {First="Sven", Last="Mortensen", ID=113, Scores= new List<int>() {88, 94, 65, 91}},
new Student {First="Cesar", Last="Garcia", ID=114, Scores= new List<int>() {97, 89, 85, 82}},
];
// Separate data source for contact info.
List<ContactInfo> contactList =
[
new ContactInfo {ID=111, Email="SvetlanO@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-0108"},
new ContactInfo {ID=112, Email="ClaireO@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-0298"},
new ContactInfo {ID=113, Email="SvenMort@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-1130"},
new ContactInfo {ID=114, Email="CesarGar@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-0521"}
];
static void Main(string[] args)
{
SelectSample2 app = new SelectSample2();
// Produce a filtered sequence of unmodified Students.
IEnumerable<Student> studentQuery1 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student;
Console.WriteLine("Query1: select range_variable");
foreach (Student s in studentQuery1)
{
Console.WriteLine(s.ToString());
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of elements that contain
// only one property of each Student.
IEnumerable<String> studentQuery2 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.Last;
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery2: select range_variable.Property");
foreach (string s in studentQuery2)
{
Console.WriteLine(s);
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of objects created by
// a method call on each Student.
IEnumerable<ContactInfo> studentQuery3 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.GetContactInfo(app, student.ID);
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery3: select range_variable.Method");
foreach (ContactInfo ci in studentQuery3)
{
Console.WriteLine(ci.ToString());
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of ints from
// the internal array inside each Student.
IEnumerable<int> studentQuery4 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.Scores[0];
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery4: select range_variable[index]");
foreach (int i in studentQuery4)
{
Console.WriteLine("First score = {0}", i);
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of doubles
// that are the result of an expression.
IEnumerable<double> studentQuery5 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.Scores[0] * 1.1;
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery5: select expression");
foreach (double d in studentQuery5)
{
Console.WriteLine("Adjusted first score = {0}", d);
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of doubles that are
// the result of a method call.
IEnumerable<double> studentQuery6 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select student.Scores.Average();
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery6: select expression2");
foreach (double d in studentQuery6)
{
Console.WriteLine("Average = {0}", d);
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of anonymous types
// that contain only two properties from each Student.
var studentQuery7 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select new { student.First, student.Last };
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery7: select new anonymous type");
foreach (var item in studentQuery7)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", item.Last, item.First);
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of named objects that contain
// a method return value and a property from each Student.
// Use named types if you need to pass the query variable
// across a method boundary.
IEnumerable<ScoreInfo> studentQuery8 =
from student in app.students
where student.ID > 111
select new ScoreInfo
{
Average = student.Scores.Average(),
ID = student.ID
};
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery8: select new named type");
foreach (ScoreInfo si in studentQuery8)
{
Console.WriteLine("ID = {0}, Average = {1}", si.ID, si.Average);
}
// Produce a filtered sequence of students who appear on a contact list
// and whose average is greater than 85.
IEnumerable<ContactInfo> studentQuery9 =
from student in app.students
where student.Scores.Average() > 85
join ci in app.contactList on student.ID equals ci.ID
select ci;
Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery9: select result of join clause");
foreach (ContactInfo ci in studentQuery9)
{
Console.WriteLine("ID = {0}, Email = {1}", ci.ID, ci.Email);
}
}
}
/* Output
Query1: select range_variable
Claire O'Donnell:112
Sven Mortensen:113
Cesar Garcia:114
studentQuery2: select range_variable.Property
O'Donnell
Mortensen
Garcia
studentQuery3: select range_variable.Method
ClaireO@Contoso.com,206-555-0298
SvenMort@Contoso.com,206-555-1130
CesarGar@Contoso.com,206-555-0521
studentQuery4: select range_variable[index]
First score = 75
First score = 88
First score = 97
studentQuery5: select expression
Adjusted first score = 82.5
Adjusted first score = 96.8
Adjusted first score = 106.7
studentQuery6: select expression2
Average = 72.25
Average = 84.5
Average = 88.25
studentQuery7: select new anonymous type
O'Donnell, Claire
Mortensen, Sven
Garcia, Cesar
studentQuery8: select new named type
ID = 112, Average = 72.25
ID = 113, Average = 84.5
ID = 114, Average = 88.25
studentQuery9: select result of join clause
ID = 114, Email = CesarGar@Contoso.com
*/
Som du ser i föregående exempel kanske du vill att elementen i studentQuery8 den returnerade sekvensen endast ska innehålla en delmängd av egenskaperna för källelementen. Genom att hålla den returnerade sekvensen så liten som möjligt kan du minska minneskraven och öka hastigheten för körningen av frågan. Du kan göra detta genom att skapa en anonym typ i select -satsen och använda en objektinitierare för att initiera den med lämpliga egenskaper från källelementet. Ett exempel på hur du gör detta finns i Initiatorer för objekt och samling.
Kommentarer
Vid kompileringstillfället select översätts satsen till ett metodanrop till Select standardfrågeoperatorn.
