auto_handle 类

  • 项目

自动资源管理，可用于将虚拟句柄嵌入托管类型。

语法

template<typename _element_type>
ref class auto_handle;

参数

_element_type
要嵌入的托管类型。

成员

公共构造函数

名称 描述
auto_handle::auto_handle auto_handle 构造函数。
auto_handle::~auto_handle auto_handle 析构函数。

公共方法

名称 描述
auto_handle::get 获取包含的对象。
auto_handle::release 从 auto_handle 管理中释放对象。
auto_handle::reset 销毁当前拥有的对象，并选择性地拥有新对象。
auto_handle::swap 与另一个 auto_handle 交换对象。

公共运算符

“属性” 描述
auto_handle::operator-> 成员访问运算符。
auto_handle::operator= 赋值运算符。
auto_handle::operator auto_handle auto_handle 和兼容类型之间的类型强制转换运算符。
auto_handle::operator bool 用于在条件表达式中使用 auto_handle 的运算符。
auto_handle::operator! 用于在条件表达式中使用 auto_handle 的运算符。

要求

头文件 <msclr\auto_handle.h>

命名空间 msclr

auto_handle::auto_handle

auto_handle 构造函数。

auto_handle();
auto_handle(
   _element_type ^ _ptr
);
auto_handle(
   auto_handle<_element_type> % _right
);
template<typename _other_type>
auto_handle(
   auto_handle<_other_type> % _right
);

参数

_ptr
要拥有的对象。

_right
现有 auto_handle。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_auto_handle.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include "msclr\auto_handle.h"

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;
ref class RefClassA {
protected:
   String^ m_s;
public:
   RefClassA(String^ s) : m_s(s) {
      Console::WriteLine( "in RefClassA constructor: " + m_s );
   }
   ~RefClassA() {
      Console::WriteLine( "in RefClassA destructor: " + m_s );
   }

   virtual void PrintHello() {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} A!", m_s );
   }
};

ref class RefClassB : RefClassA {
public:
   RefClassB( String^ s ) : RefClassA( s ) {}
   virtual void PrintHello() new {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} B!", m_s );
   }
};

int main()
{
   {
      auto_handle<RefClassA> a(gcnew RefClassA( "first" ) );
      a->PrintHello();
   }

   {
      auto_handle<RefClassB> b(gcnew RefClassB( "second" ) );
      b->PrintHello();
      auto_handle<RefClassA> a(b); //construct from derived type
      a->PrintHello();
      auto_handle<RefClassA> a2(a); //construct from same type
      a2->PrintHello();
   }

   Console::WriteLine("done");
}

in RefClassA constructor: first
Hello from first A!
in RefClassA destructor: first
in RefClassA constructor: second
Hello from second B!
Hello from second A!
Hello from second A!
in RefClassA destructor: second
done

auto_handle::~auto_handle

auto_handle 析构函数。

~auto_handle();

注解

析构函数还会析构拥有的对象。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_dtor.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include "msclr\auto_handle.h"

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

ref class ClassA {
public:
   ClassA() { Console::WriteLine( "ClassA constructor" ); }
   ~ClassA() { Console::WriteLine( "ClassA destructor" ); }
};

int main()
{
   // create a new scope for a:
   {
      auto_handle<ClassA> a = gcnew ClassA;
   }
   // a goes out of scope here, invoking its destructor
   // which in turns destructs the ClassA object.

   Console::WriteLine( "done" );
}

ClassA constructor
ClassA destructor
done

auto_handle::get

获取包含的对象。

_element_type ^ get();

返回值

包含的对象。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_get.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include "msclr\auto_handle.h"

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

ref class ClassA {
   String^ m_s;
public:
   ClassA( String^ s ) : m_s( s ){
      Console::WriteLine( "in ClassA constructor:" + m_s );
   }
   ~ClassA() {
      Console::WriteLine( "in ClassA destructor:" + m_s );
   }

   void PrintHello() {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} A!", m_s );
   }
};

void PrintA( ClassA^ a ) {
   a->PrintHello();
}

int main() {
   auto_handle<ClassA> a = gcnew ClassA( "first" );
   a->PrintHello();

   ClassA^ a2 = a.get();
   a2->PrintHello();

   PrintA( a.get() );
}

in ClassA constructor:first
Hello from first A!
Hello from first A!
Hello from first A!
in ClassA destructor:first

auto_handle::release

从 auto_handle 管理中释放对象。

_element_type ^ release();

返回值

已发布的对象。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_release.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <msclr\auto_handle.h>

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

ref class ClassA {
   String^ m_s;
public:
   ClassA( String^ s ) : m_s( s ) {
      Console::WriteLine( "ClassA constructor: " + m_s );
   }
   ~ClassA() {
      Console::WriteLine( "ClassA destructor: " + m_s );
   }

   void PrintHello() {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} A!", m_s );
   }
};

int main()
{
   ClassA^ a;

   // create a new scope:
   {
      auto_handle<ClassA> agc1 = gcnew ClassA( "first" );
      auto_handle<ClassA> agc2 = gcnew ClassA( "second" );
      a = agc1.release();
   }
   // agc1 and agc2 go out of scope here

   a->PrintHello();

   Console::WriteLine( "done" );
}

ClassA constructor: first
ClassA constructor: second
ClassA destructor: second
Hello from first A!
done

auto_handle::reset

销毁当前拥有的对象，并选择性地拥有新对象。

void reset(
   _element_type ^ _new_ptr
);
void reset();

参数

_new_ptr
（可选）新对象。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_reset.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <msclr\auto_handle.h>

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

ref class ClassA {
   String^ m_s;
public:
   ClassA( String^ s ) : m_s( s ) {
      Console::WriteLine( "ClassA constructor: " + m_s );
   }
   ~ClassA() {
      Console::WriteLine( "ClassA destructor: " + m_s );
   }

   void PrintHello() {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} A!", m_s );
   }
};

int main()
{
   auto_handle<ClassA> agc1 = gcnew ClassA( "first" );
   agc1->PrintHello();

   ClassA^ ha = gcnew ClassA( "second" );
   agc1.reset( ha ); // release first object, reference second
   agc1->PrintHello();

   agc1.reset(); // release second object, set to nullptr

   Console::WriteLine( "done" );
}

ClassA constructor: first
Hello from first A!
ClassA constructor: second
ClassA destructor: first
Hello from second A!
ClassA destructor: second
done

auto_handle::swap

与另一个 auto_handle 交换对象。

void swap(
   auto_handle<_element_type> % _right
);

参数

_right
用于交换对象的 auto_handle。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_swap.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <msclr\auto_handle.h>

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

int main() {
   auto_handle<String> s1 = "string one";
   auto_handle<String> s2 = "string two";

   Console::WriteLine( "s1 = '{0}', s2 = '{1}'",
      s1->ToString(), s2->ToString() );
   s1.swap( s2 );
   Console::WriteLine( "s1 = '{0}', s2 = '{1}'",
      s1->ToString(), s2->ToString() );
}

s1 = 'string one', s2 = 'string two'
s1 = 'string two', s2 = 'string one'

auto_handle::operator->

成员访问运算符。

_element_type ^ operator->();

返回值

由 auto_handle 包装的对象。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_op_arrow.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <msclr\auto_handle.h>

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

ref class ClassA {
protected:
   String^ m_s;
public:
   ClassA( String^ s ) : m_s( s ) {}

   virtual void PrintHello() {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} A!", m_s );
   }

   int m_i;
};

int main() {
   auto_handle<ClassA> a( gcnew ClassA( "first" ) );
   a->PrintHello();

   a->m_i = 5;
   Console::WriteLine( "a->m_i = {0}", a->m_i );
}

Hello from first A!
a->m_i = 5

auto_handle::operator=

赋值运算符。

auto_handle<_element_type> % operator=(
   auto_handle<_element_type> % _right
);
template<typename _other_type>
auto_handle<_element_type> % operator=(
   auto_handle<_other_type> % _right
);

参数

_right
要分配给当前 auto_handle 的 auto_handle。

返回值

当前的 auto_handle，现在拥有 _right。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_op_assign.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <msclr\auto_handle.h>

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

ref class ClassA {
protected:
   String^ m_s;
public:
   ClassA(String^ s) : m_s(s) {
      Console::WriteLine( "in ClassA constructor: " + m_s );
   }
   ~ClassA() {
      Console::WriteLine( "in ClassA destructor: " + m_s );
   }

   virtual void PrintHello() {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} A!", m_s );
   }
};

ref class ClassB : ClassA {
public:
   ClassB( String^ s ) : ClassA( s ) {}
   virtual void PrintHello() new {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} B!", m_s );
   }
};

int main()
{
   auto_handle<ClassA> a;
   auto_handle<ClassA> a2(gcnew ClassA( "first" ) );
   a = a2; // assign from same type
   a->PrintHello();

   auto_handle<ClassB> b(gcnew ClassB( "second" ) );
   b->PrintHello();
   a = b; // assign from derived type
   a->PrintHello();

   Console::WriteLine("done");
}

in ClassA constructor: first
Hello from first A!
in ClassA constructor: second
Hello from second B!
in ClassA destructor: first
Hello from second A!
done
in ClassA destructor: second

auto_handle::operator auto_handle

auto_handle 和兼容类型之间的类型强制转换运算符。

template<typename _other_type>
operator auto_handle<_other_type>();

返回值

当前的 auto_handle 强制转换为 auto_handle<_other_type>。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_op_auto_handle.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <msclr\auto_handle.h>

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

ref class ClassA {
protected:
   String^ m_s;
public:
   ClassA( String^ s ) : m_s( s ) {}

   virtual void PrintHello() {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} A!", m_s );
   }
};

ref class ClassB : ClassA {
public:
   ClassB( String ^ s) : ClassA( s ) {}
   virtual void PrintHello() new {
      Console::WriteLine( "Hello from {0} B!", m_s );
   }
};

int main() {
   auto_handle<ClassB> b = gcnew ClassB("first");
   b->PrintHello();
   auto_handle<ClassA> a = (auto_handle<ClassA>)b;
   a->PrintHello();
}

Hello from first B!
Hello from first A!

auto_handle::operator bool

用于在条件表达式中使用 auto_handle 的运算符。

operator bool();

返回值

如果包装的对象有效则为 true；否则为 false。

备注

此运算符实际上转换为比 bool 更安全的 _detail_class::_safe_bool，因为它不能转换为整数类型。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_operator_bool.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <msclr\auto_handle.h>

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

int main() {
   auto_handle<String> s1;
   auto_handle<String> s2 = "hi";
   if ( s1 ) Console::WriteLine( "s1 is valid" );
   if ( !s1 ) Console::WriteLine( "s1 is invalid" );
   if ( s2 ) Console::WriteLine( "s2 is valid" );
   if ( !s2 ) Console::WriteLine( "s2 is invalid" );
   s2.reset();
   if ( s2 ) Console::WriteLine( "s2 is now valid" );
   if ( !s2 ) Console::WriteLine( "s2 is now invalid" );
}

s1 is invalid
s2 is valid
s2 is now invalid

auto_handle::operator!

用于在条件表达式中使用 auto_handle 的运算符。

bool operator!();

返回值

如果包装的对象无效则为 true；否则为 false。

示例

// msl_auto_handle_operator_not.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <msclr\auto_handle.h>

using namespace System;
using namespace msclr;

int main() {
   auto_handle<String> s1;
   auto_handle<String> s2 = "something";
   if ( s1) Console::WriteLine( "s1 is valid" );
   if ( !s1 ) Console::WriteLine( "s1 is invalid" );
   if ( s2 ) Console::WriteLine( "s2 is valid" );
   if ( !s2 ) Console::WriteLine( "s2 is invalid" );
   s2.reset();
   if ( s2 ) Console::WriteLine( "s2 is now valid" );
   if ( !s2 ) Console::WriteLine( "s2 is now invalid" );
}

s1 is invalid
s2 is valid
s2 is now invalid