通过查询创建数据表 (LINQ to DataSet)

  • 项目

数据绑定是 DataTable 对象的一种常用形式。 CopyToDataTable 方法接收查询结果并将数据复制到 DataTable 中，后者随后会使用该数据进行数据绑定。 在执行数据操作后，新的 DataTable 将合并回源 DataTable。

CopyToDataTable 方法使用下面的过程来通过查询创建 DataTable：

  1. CopyToDataTable 方法克隆源表中的 DataTable（实现 IQueryable<T> 接口的 DataTable 对象）。 IEnumerable 源通常来源于 LINQ to DataSet 表达式或方法查询。

  2. 克隆的 DataTable 的架构从源表中枚举的第一个 DataRow 对象的列生成，克隆表的名称是源表的名称后面追加单词“query”。

  3. 对于源表中的每一行，会将行内容复制到新 DataRow 对象中，然后将该对象插入到克隆表中。 RowState 和 RowError 属性在整个复制操作过程中保留。 如果源中的 ArgumentException 对象来自不同的表，则会引发 DataRow。

  4. 复制完可查询的输入表中的所有 DataRow 对象后，将返回克隆的 DataTable。 如果源序列不包含任何 DataRow 对象，则该方法将返回一个空 DataTable。

请注意，调用 CopyToDataTable 方法将导致执行已绑定到源表的查询。

当 CopyToDataTable 方法在源表的行中遇到空引用或可以为 null 的值类型时，它将用 Value 替换该值。 这样可以在返回的 DataTable 中正确处理 Null 值。

注意：CopyToDataTable 方法接受可从多个 DataTable 或 DataSet 对象返回行的查询作为输入。 CopyToDataTable 方法将数据（不包括属性）从源 DataTable 或 DataSet 对象复制到返回的 DataTable。 您将需要显式设置返回的 DataTable 的属性，例如 Locale 和 TableName。

下面的示例查询 SalesOrderHeader 表中 2001 年 8 月 8 日以后的订单，并使用 CopyToDataTable 方法通过查询创建 DataTable。 然后将 DataTable 绑定到作为 DataGridView 的代理的 BindingSource。

' Bind the System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView object
' to the System.Windows.Forms.BindingSource object.
dataGridView.DataSource = bindingSource

' Fill the DataSet.
Dim ds As New DataSet()
ds.Locale = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
' See the FillDataSet method in the Loading Data Into a DataSet topic.
FillDataSet(ds)

Dim orders As DataTable = ds.Tables("SalesOrderHeader")

' Query the SalesOrderHeader table for orders placed 
'  after August 8, 2001.
Dim query = _
    From order In orders.AsEnumerable() _
    Where order.Field(Of DateTime)("OrderDate") > New DateTime(2001, 8, 1) _
    Select order

' Create a table from the query.
Dim boundTable As DataTable = query.CopyToDataTable()

' Bind the table to a System.Windows.Forms.BindingSource object, 
' which acts as a proxy for a System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView object.
bindingSource.DataSource = boundTable

// Bind the System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView object
// to the System.Windows.Forms.BindingSource object.
dataGridView.DataSource = bindingSource;

// Fill the DataSet.
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
ds.Locale = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
FillDataSet(ds);

DataTable orders = ds.Tables["SalesOrderHeader"];

// Query the SalesOrderHeader table for orders placed 
// after August 8, 2001.
IEnumerable<DataRow> query =
    from order in orders.AsEnumerable()
    where order.Field<DateTime>("OrderDate") > new DateTime(2001, 8, 1)
    select order;

// Create a table from the query.
DataTable boundTable = query.CopyToDataTable<DataRow>();

// Bind the table to a System.Windows.Forms.BindingSource object, 
// which acts as a proxy for a System.Windows.Forms.DataGridView object.
bindingSource.DataSource = boundTable;

创建自定义 CopyToDataTable<T> 方法

仅在 IEnumerable<T> 源上（其中泛型参数 T 类型为 DataRow）执行现有 CopyToDataTable 方法。 虽然这十分有用，但是它并不允许从标量类型的序列、返回匿名类型的查询或执行表联接的查询来创建表。 有关如何实现两个从标量类型或匿名类型序列加载表自定义的 CopyToDataTable 方法的示例，请参见如何：实现 CopyToDataTable<T>，其中泛型类型 T 不是 DataRow。

本节的示例使用以下自定义类型：

Public Class Item
    Private _Id As Int32
    Private _Price As Double
    Private _Genre As String

    Public Property Id() As Int32
        Get
            Return Id
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Int32)
            _Id = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property Price() As Double
        Get
            Return _Price
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Double)
            _Price = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property Genre() As String
        Get
            Return _Genre
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            _Genre = value
        End Set
    End Property

End Class
Public Class Book
    Inherits Item
    Private _Author As String
    Public Property Author() As String
        Get
            Return _Author
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            _Author = value
        End Set
    End Property
End Class

Public Class Movie
    Inherits Item
    Private _Director As String
    Public Property Director() As String
        Get
            Return _Director
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            _Director = value
        End Set
    End Property

End Class

public class Item
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public double Price { get; set; }
    public string Genre { get; set; }
}

public class Book : Item
{
    public string Author { get; set; }
}

public class Movie : Item
{
    public string Director { get; set; }
}

示例

此示例在 SalesOrderHeader 和 SalesOrderDetail 表上执行联接以获得八月的联机订单，并从查询创建表。

' Fill the DataSet.
Dim ds As New DataSet()
ds.Locale = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
' See the FillDataSet method in the Loading Data Into a DataSet topic.
FillDataSet(ds)

Dim orders As DataTable = ds.Tables("SalesOrderHeader")
Dim details As DataTable = ds.Tables("SalesOrderDetail")


Dim query = _
    From order In orders.AsEnumerable() _
    Join detail In details.AsEnumerable() _
    On order.Field(Of Integer)("SalesOrderID") Equals _
            detail.Field(Of Integer)("SalesOrderID") _
    Where order.Field(Of Boolean)("OnlineOrderFlag") = True And _
            order.Field(Of DateTime)("OrderDate").Month = 8 _
    Select New With _
    { _
        .SalesOrderID = order.Field(Of Integer)("SalesOrderID"), _
        .SalesOrderDetailID = detail.Field(Of Integer)("SalesOrderDetailID"), _
        .OrderDate = order.Field(Of DateTime)("OrderDate"), _
        .ProductID = detail.Field(Of Integer)("ProductID") _
    }

Dim table As DataTable = query.CopyToDataTable()

// Fill the DataSet.
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
ds.Locale = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
FillDataSet(ds);

DataTable orders = ds.Tables["SalesOrderHeader"];
DataTable details = ds.Tables["SalesOrderDetail"];

var query =
    from order in orders.AsEnumerable()
    join detail in details.AsEnumerable()
    on order.Field<int>("SalesOrderID") equals
        detail.Field<int>("SalesOrderID")
    where order.Field<bool>("OnlineOrderFlag") == true
    && order.Field<DateTime>("OrderDate").Month == 8
    select new
    {
        SalesOrderID =
            order.Field<int>("SalesOrderID"),
        SalesOrderDetailID =
            detail.Field<int>("SalesOrderDetailID"),
        OrderDate =
            order.Field<DateTime>("OrderDate"),
        ProductID =
            detail.Field<int>("ProductID")
    };

DataTable orderTable = query.CopyToDataTable();

示例

下面的示例查询价格高于 9.99 美元的商品集合，并从查询结果创建表。

Dim book1 As New Book()
book1.Id = 1
book1.Price = 13.5
book1.Genre = "Comedy"
book1.Author = "Gustavo Achong"

Dim book2 As New Book
book2.Id = 2
book2.Price = 8.5
book2.Genre = "Drama"
book2.Author = "Jessie Zeng"

Dim movie1 As New Movie
movie1.Id = 1
movie1.Price = 22.99
movie1.Genre = "Comedy"
movie1.Director = "Marissa Barnes"

Dim movie2 As New Movie
movie2.Id = 1
movie2.Price = 13.4
movie2.Genre = "Action"
movie2.Director = "Emmanuel Fernandez"

Dim items(3) As Item
items(0) = book1
items(1) = book2
items(2) = movie1
items(3) = movie2

' Query for items with price greater than 9.99.
Dim query = From i In items _
            Where i.Price > 9.99 _
            Order By i.Price _
            Select New With {i.Price, i.Genre}

Dim table As DataTable
table = query.CopyToDataTable()

// Create a sequence. 
Item[] items = new Item[] 
{ new Book{Id = 1, Price = 13.50, Genre = "Comedy", Author = "Gustavo Achong"}, 
  new Book{Id = 2, Price = 8.50, Genre = "Drama", Author = "Jessie Zeng"},
  new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 22.99, Genre = "Comedy", Director = "Marissa Barnes"},
  new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 13.40, Genre = "Action", Director = "Emmanuel Fernandez"}};

// Query for items with price greater than 9.99.
var query = from i in items
             where i.Price > 9.99
             orderby i.Price
             select i;

// Load the query results into new DataTable.
DataTable table = query.CopyToDataTable();

示例

下面的示例查询价格高于 9.99 的商品集合，并投影结果。 返回的匿名类型序列被加载到现有表中。

Dim book1 As New Book()
book1.Id = 1
book1.Price = 13.5
book1.Genre = "Comedy"
book1.Author = "Gustavo Achong"

Dim book2 As New Book
book2.Id = 2
book2.Price = 8.5
book2.Genre = "Drama"
book2.Author = "Jessie Zeng"

Dim movie1 As New Movie
movie1.Id = 1
movie1.Price = 22.99
movie1.Genre = "Comedy"
movie1.Director = "Marissa Barnes"

Dim movie2 As New Movie
movie2.Id = 1
movie2.Price = 13.4
movie2.Genre = "Action"
movie2.Director = "Emmanuel Fernandez"

Dim items(3) As Item
items(0) = book1
items(1) = book2
items(2) = movie1
items(3) = movie2

' Create a table with a schema that matches that of the query results.            
Dim table As DataTable = New DataTable()
table.Columns.Add("Price", GetType(Integer))
table.Columns.Add("Genre", GetType(String))

' Query for items with price greater than 9.99.
Dim query = From i In items _
            Where i.Price > 9.99 _
            Order By i.Price _
            Select New With {i.Price, i.Genre}

query.CopyToDataTable(table, LoadOption.PreserveChanges)

// Create a sequence. 
Item[] items = new Item[] 
{ new Book{Id = 1, Price = 13.50, Genre = "Comedy", Author = "Gustavo Achong"}, 
  new Book{Id = 2, Price = 8.50, Genre = "Drama", Author = "Jessie Zeng"},
  new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 22.99, Genre = "Comedy", Director = "Marissa Barnes"},
  new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 13.40, Genre = "Action", Director = "Emmanuel Fernandez"}};

// Create a table with a schema that matches that of the query results.            
DataTable table = new DataTable();
table.Columns.Add("Price", typeof(int));
table.Columns.Add("Genre", typeof(string));

var query = from i in items
             where i.Price > 9.99
             orderby i.Price
             select new { i.Price, i.Genre };

query.CopyToDataTable(table, LoadOption.PreserveChanges);

示例

下面的示例查询价格高于 9.99 美元的商品集合，并投影结果。 返回的匿名类型序列被加载到现有表中。 表架构自动扩展，因为 Book 和 Movies 类型是从 Item 类型派生的。

Dim book1 As New Book()
book1.Id = 1
book1.Price = 13.5
book1.Genre = "Comedy"
book1.Author = "Gustavo Achong"

Dim book2 As New Book
book2.Id = 2
book2.Price = 8.5
book2.Genre = "Drama"
book2.Author = "Jessie Zeng"

Dim movie1 As New Movie
movie1.Id = 1
movie1.Price = 22.99
movie1.Genre = "Comedy"
movie1.Director = "Marissa Barnes"

Dim movie2 As New Movie
movie2.Id = 1
movie2.Price = 13.4
movie2.Genre = "Action"
movie2.Director = "Emmanuel Fernandez"

Dim items(3) As Item
items(0) = book1
items(1) = book2
items(2) = movie1
items(3) = movie2

' Load into an existing DataTable, expand the schema and
' autogenerate a new Id.
Dim table As DataTable = New DataTable()
Dim dc As DataColumn = table.Columns.Add("NewId", GetType(Integer))
dc.AutoIncrement = True
table.Columns.Add("ExtraColumn", GetType(String))

Dim query = From i In items _
            Where i.Price > 9.99 _
            Order By i.Price _
            Select New With {i.Price, i.Genre}

query.CopyToDataTable(table, LoadOption.PreserveChanges)

// Create a sequence. 
Item[] items = new Item[] 
{ new Book{Id = 1, Price = 13.50, Genre = "Comedy", Author = "Gustavo Achong"}, 
  new Book{Id = 2, Price = 8.50, Genre = "Drama", Author = "Jessie Zeng"},
  new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 22.99, Genre = "Comedy", Director = "Marissa Barnes"},
  new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 13.40, Genre = "Action", Director = "Emmanuel Fernandez"}};

// Load into an existing DataTable, expand the schema and
// autogenerate a new Id.
DataTable table = new DataTable();
DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Add("NewId", typeof(int));
dc.AutoIncrement = true;
table.Columns.Add("ExtraColumn", typeof(string));

var query = from i in items
             where i.Price > 9.99
             orderby i.Price
             select new { i.Price, i.Genre };

query.CopyToDataTable(table, LoadOption.PreserveChanges);

示例

下面的示例查询价格高于 9.99 美元的商品集合，并返回 Double 的序列，它将被加载到新表中。

Dim book1 As New Book()
book1.Id = 1
book1.Price = 13.5
book1.Genre = "Comedy"
book1.Author = "Gustavo Achong"

Dim book2 As New Book
book2.Id = 2
book2.Price = 8.5
book2.Genre = "Drama"
book2.Author = "Jessie Zeng"

Dim movie1 As New Movie
movie1.Id = 1
movie1.Price = 22.99
movie1.Genre = "Comedy"
movie1.Director = "Marissa Barnes"

Dim movie2 As New Movie
movie2.Id = 1
movie2.Price = 13.4
movie2.Genre = "Action"
movie2.Director = "Emmanuel Fernandez"

Dim items(3) As Item
items(0) = book1
items(1) = book2
items(2) = movie1
items(3) = movie2

Dim query = From i In items _
            Where i.Price > 9.99 _
            Order By i.Price _
            Select i.Price

Dim table As DataTable
table = query.CopyToDataTable()

// Create a sequence. 
Item[] items = new Item[] 
{ new Book{Id = 1, Price = 13.50, Genre = "Comedy", Author = "Gustavo Achong"}, 
  new Book{Id = 2, Price = 8.50, Genre = "Drama", Author = "Jessie Zeng"},
  new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 22.99, Genre = "Comedy", Director = "Marissa Barnes"},
  new Movie{Id = 1, Price = 13.40, Genre = "Action", Director = "Emmanuel Fernandez"}};

// load sequence of scalars.
IEnumerable<double> query = from i in items
             where i.Price > 9.99
             orderby i.Price
             select i.Price;

DataTable table = query.CopyToDataTable();

请参见

概念

泛型 Field 和 SetField 方法 (LINQ to DataSet)

其他资源

编程指南 (LINQ to DataSet)

LINQ to DataSet 示例