Windows 窗体 DataGridView 控件中的列填充模式
更新：2007 年 11 月
在列填充模式中，DataGridView 控件将自动调整其列的大小，以便让这些列填满可用显示区域的宽度。除了在需要使每个列的宽度等于或大于它的 MinimumWidth 属性值的情况下，通常控件不会显示水平滚动条。
每个列的调整大小行为取决于它的 InheritedAutoSizeMode 属性。如果列值是 NotSet（默认值），则此属性的值继承自该列的 AutoSizeMode 属性或控件的 AutoSizeColumnsMode 属性。
每个列都可以有不同的大小模式，但大小模式为 Fill 的所有列都将共享其他列未使用的显示区域宽度。此宽度将在处于填充模式的列之间按照相对于这些列的 FillWeight 属性值的比例进行划分。例如，如果两个列的 FillWeight 值是 100 和 200，则第一列的宽度将是第二列的一半。
填充模式下的用户调整大小
不同于基于单元格内容调整大小的调整大小模式，填充模式不阻止用户调整其 Resizable 属性值为 true 的列的大小。用户调整填充模式的列的大小时，在已调整大小的列后面（如果 RightToLeft 为 false，则是右侧；否则是左侧）的任何填充模式列也会调整大小，以补偿可用宽度的更改。如果已调整大小的列后面没有填充模式列，则控件中的所有其他填充模式列都将调整大小，以便进行补偿。如果控件中没有其他填充模式列，则会忽略调整大小。如果未处于填充模式的列已调整大小，则控件中的所有填充模式列都将更改大小，以便进行补偿。
在调整填充模式列的大小之后，发生更改的所有列的 FillWeight 值将按比例进行调整。例如，如果四个填充模式列的 FillWeight 值均为 100，那么，如果将第二列的大小调整为其原始宽度的一半，将导致这些列的 FillWeight 值变为 100、50、125 和 125。如果调整不处于填充模式的列的大小，则不会更改任何 FillWeight 值，因为填充模式列将只是调整大小来进行补偿，但比例保持相同。
基于内容的 FillWeight 调整
通过使用 DataGridView 自动调整大小方法（例如，AutoResizeColumns 方法），可以初始化填充模式列的 FillWeight 值。此方法首先计算列在显示其内容时所需的宽度。下一步，控件调整所有填充模式列的 FillWeight 值，以便让它们的比例与计算得到的宽度的比例匹配。最后，控件使用新的 FillWeight 比例来调整填充模式列的大小，让控件中的所有列填满可用的水平空间。
示例
说明
通过使用 AutoSizeMode、MinimumWidth、FillWeight 和 Resizable 属性的相应值，可以针对很多不同的方案来对列的调整大小行为进行自定义。
通过下面的演示代码，您可以对不同的列试验 AutoSizeMode、FillWeight 和 MinimumWidth 属性的不同值。在此示例中，DataGridView 控件将绑定到它自己的 Columns 集合，并且一个列绑定到每个 HeaderText、AutoSizeMode、FillWeight、MinimumWidth 和 Width 属性。每个列还由控件中的一个行来表示，如果更改行中的值，将会更新相应列的属性，以便您可以看见值是如何交互的。
代码
Imports System
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Public Class Form1
Inherits Form
<STAThread()> _
Public Shared Sub Main()
Application.Run(New Form1())
End Sub
Private WithEvents dataGridView1 As New DataGridView()
Public Sub New()
dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill
Controls.Add(dataGridView1)
InitializeDataGridView()
Width = Width * 2
Text = "Column Fill-Mode Demo"
End Sub
Private Sub InitializeDataGridView()
' Add columns to the DataGridView, binding them to the
' specified DataGridViewColumn properties.
AddReadOnlyColumn("HeaderText", "Column")
AddColumn("AutoSizeMode")
AddColumn("FillWeight")
AddColumn("MinimumWidth")
AddColumn("Width")
' Bind the DataGridView to its own Columns collection.
dataGridView1.AutoGenerateColumns = False
dataGridView1.DataSource = dataGridView1.Columns
' Configure the DataGridView so that users can manually change
' only the column widths, which are set to fill mode.
dataGridView1.AllowUserToAddRows = False
dataGridView1.AllowUserToDeleteRows = False
dataGridView1.AllowUserToResizeRows = False
dataGridView1.RowHeadersWidthSizeMode = _
DataGridViewRowHeadersWidthSizeMode.DisableResizing
dataGridView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = _
DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing
dataGridView1.AutoSizeColumnsMode = _
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.Fill
' Configure the top left header cell as a reset button.
dataGridView1.TopLeftHeaderCell.Value = "reset"
dataGridView1.TopLeftHeaderCell.Style.ForeColor = _
System.Drawing.Color.Blue
End Sub
Private Sub AddReadOnlyColumn(ByVal dataPropertyName As String, _
ByVal columnName As String)
AddColumn(GetType(DataGridViewColumn), dataPropertyName, True, _
columnName)
End Sub
Private Sub AddColumn(ByVal dataPropertyName As String)
AddColumn(GetType(DataGridViewColumn), dataPropertyName, False, _
dataPropertyName)
End Sub
' Adds a column to the DataGridView control, binding it to specified
' property of the specified type and optionally making it read-only.
Private Sub AddColumn( _
ByVal type As Type, _
ByVal dataPropertyName As String, _
ByVal isReadOnly As Boolean, _
ByVal columnName As String)
' Retrieve information about the property through reflection.
Dim propertyInfo1 As PropertyInfo = type.GetProperty(dataPropertyName)
' Confirm that the property exists and is accessible.
If propertyInfo1 Is Nothing Then
Throw New ArgumentException("No accessible " & dataPropertyName & _
" property was found in the " & type.Name & " type.")
End If
' Confirm that the property is browsable.
Dim browsables As BrowsableAttribute() = CType( _
propertyInfo1.GetCustomAttributes(GetType(BrowsableAttribute), _
False), BrowsableAttribute())
If browsables.Length > 0 AndAlso Not browsables(0).Browsable Then
Throw New ArgumentException("The " & dataPropertyName & " property has a " & _
"Browsable(false) attribute, and therefore cannot be bound.")
End If
' Create and initialize a column, using a combo box column for
' enumeration properties, a check box column for Boolean properties,
' and a text box column otherwise.
Dim column As DataGridViewColumn
Dim valueType As Type = propertyInfo1.PropertyType
If valueType.IsEnum Then
column = New DataGridViewComboBoxColumn()
' Populate the drop-down list with the enumeration values.
CType(column, DataGridViewComboBoxColumn).DataSource = _
[Enum].GetValues(valueType)
ElseIf valueType.Equals(GetType(Boolean)) Then
column = New DataGridViewCheckBoxColumn()
Else
column = New DataGridViewTextBoxColumn()
End If
' Initialize and bind the column.
column.ValueType = valueType
column.Name = columnName
column.DataPropertyName = dataPropertyName
column.ReadOnly = isReadOnly
' Add the column to the control.
dataGridView1.Columns.Add(column)
End Sub
Private Sub ResetDataGridView()
dataGridView1.CancelEdit()
dataGridView1.Columns.Clear()
dataGridView1.DataSource = Nothing
InitializeDataGridView()
End Sub
Private Sub dataGridView1_CellClick( _
ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As DataGridViewCellEventArgs) _
Handles dataGridView1.CellClick
If e.ColumnIndex = -1 AndAlso e.RowIndex = -1 Then
ResetDataGridView()
End If
End Sub
Private Sub dataGridView1_ColumnWidthChanged( _
ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As DataGridViewColumnEventArgs) _
Handles dataGridView1.ColumnWidthChanged
' Invalidate the row corresponding to the column that changed
' to ensure that the FillWeight and Width entries are updated.
dataGridView1.InvalidateRow(e.Column.Index)
End Sub
Private Sub dataGridView1_CurrentCellDirtyStateChanged( _
ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) _
Handles dataGridView1.CurrentCellDirtyStateChanged
' For combo box and check box cells, commit any value change as soon
' as it is made rather than waiting for the focus to leave the cell.
If Not dataGridView1.CurrentCell.OwningColumn.GetType() _
.Equals(GetType(DataGridViewTextBoxColumn)) Then
dataGridView1.CommitEdit(DataGridViewDataErrorContexts.Commit)
End If
End Sub
Private Sub dataGridView1_DataError( _
ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As DataGridViewDataErrorEventArgs) _
Handles dataGridView1.DataError
If e.Exception Is Nothing Then Return
' If the user-specified value is invalid, cancel the change
' and display the error icon in the row header.
If Not (e.Context And DataGridViewDataErrorContexts.Commit) = 0 AndAlso _
(GetType(FormatException).IsAssignableFrom(e.Exception.GetType()) Or _
GetType(ArgumentException).IsAssignableFrom(e.Exception.GetType())) Then
dataGridView1.Rows(e.RowIndex).ErrorText = e.Exception.Message
e.Cancel = True
Else
' Rethrow any exceptions that aren't related to the user input.
e.ThrowException = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub dataGridView1_CellEndEdit( _
ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As DataGridViewCellEventArgs) _
Handles dataGridView1.CellEndEdit
' Ensure that the error icon in the row header is hidden.
dataGridView1.Rows(e.RowIndex).ErrorText = ""
End Sub
Private Sub dataGridView1_CellValueChanged( _
ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As DataGridViewCellEventArgs) _
Handles dataGridView1.CellValueChanged
' Ignore the change to the top-left header cell.
If e.ColumnIndex < 0 Then Return
' Retrieve the property to change.
Dim nameOfPropertyToChange As String = _
dataGridView1.Columns(e.ColumnIndex).Name
Dim propertyToChange As PropertyInfo = _
GetType(DataGridViewColumn).GetProperty(nameOfPropertyToChange)
' Retrieve the column to change.
Dim nameOfColumnToChange As String = _
CStr(dataGridView1("Column", e.RowIndex).Value)
Dim columnToChange As DataGridViewColumn = _
dataGridView1.Columns(nameOfColumnToChange)
' Use reflection to update the value of the column property.
propertyToChange.SetValue(columnToChange, _
dataGridView1(nameOfPropertyToChange, e.RowIndex).Value, Nothing)
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class Form1 : Form
{
[STAThread]
public static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
private DataGridView dataGridView1 = new DataGridView();
public Form1()
{
dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
Controls.Add(dataGridView1);
InitializeDataGridView();
Width *= 2;
Text = "Column Fill-Mode Demo";
}
private void InitializeDataGridView()
{
// Add columns to the DataGridView, binding them to the
// specified DataGridViewColumn properties.
AddReadOnlyColumn("HeaderText", "Column");
AddColumn("AutoSizeMode");
AddColumn("FillWeight");
AddColumn("MinimumWidth");
AddColumn("Width");
// Bind the DataGridView to its own Columns collection.
dataGridView1.AutoGenerateColumns = false;
dataGridView1.DataSource = dataGridView1.Columns;
// Configure the DataGridView so that users can manually change
// only the column widths, which are set to fill mode.
dataGridView1.AllowUserToAddRows = false;
dataGridView1.AllowUserToDeleteRows = false;
dataGridView1.AllowUserToResizeRows = false;
dataGridView1.RowHeadersWidthSizeMode =
DataGridViewRowHeadersWidthSizeMode.DisableResizing;
dataGridView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode =
DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.DisableResizing;
dataGridView1.AutoSizeColumnsMode =
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.Fill;
// Configure the top left header cell as a reset button.
dataGridView1.TopLeftHeaderCell.Value = "reset";
dataGridView1.TopLeftHeaderCell.Style.ForeColor =
System.Drawing.Color.Blue;
// Add handlers to DataGridView events.
dataGridView1.CellClick +=
new DataGridViewCellEventHandler(dataGridView1_CellClick);
dataGridView1.ColumnWidthChanged += new
DataGridViewColumnEventHandler(dataGridView1_ColumnWidthChanged);
dataGridView1.CurrentCellDirtyStateChanged +=
new EventHandler(dataGridView1_CurrentCellDirtyStateChanged);
dataGridView1.DataError +=
new DataGridViewDataErrorEventHandler(dataGridView1_DataError);
dataGridView1.CellEndEdit +=
new DataGridViewCellEventHandler(dataGridView1_CellEndEdit);
dataGridView1.CellValueChanged +=
new DataGridViewCellEventHandler(dataGridView1_CellValueChanged);
}
private void AddReadOnlyColumn(String dataPropertyName, String columnName)
{
AddColumn(typeof(DataGridViewColumn), dataPropertyName, true,
columnName);
}
private void AddColumn(String dataPropertyName)
{
AddColumn(typeof(DataGridViewColumn), dataPropertyName, false,
dataPropertyName);
}
// Adds a column to the DataGridView control, binding it to specified
// property of the specified type and optionally making it read-only.
private void AddColumn(
Type type,
String dataPropertyName,
Boolean readOnly,
String columnName)
{
// Retrieve information about the property through reflection.
PropertyInfo property = type.GetProperty(dataPropertyName);
// Confirm that the property exists and is accessible.
if (property == null) throw new ArgumentException("No accessible " +
dataPropertyName + " property was found in the " + type.Name + " type.");
// Confirm that the property is browsable.
BrowsableAttribute[] browsables = (BrowsableAttribute[])
property.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(BrowsableAttribute), false);
if (browsables.Length > 0 && !browsables[0].Browsable)
{
throw new ArgumentException("The " + dataPropertyName + " property has a " +
"Browsable(false) attribute, and therefore cannot be bound.");
}
// Create and initialize a column, using a combo box column for
// enumeration properties, a check box column for Boolean properties,
// and a text box column otherwise.
DataGridViewColumn column;
Type valueType = property.PropertyType;
if (valueType.IsEnum)
{
column = new DataGridViewComboBoxColumn();
// Populate the drop-down list with the enumeration values.
((DataGridViewComboBoxColumn)column).DataSource
= Enum.GetValues(valueType);
}
else if (valueType.Equals(typeof(Boolean)))
{
column = new DataGridViewCheckBoxColumn();
}
else
{
column = new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn();
}
// Initialize and bind the column.
column.ValueType = valueType;
column.Name = columnName;
column.DataPropertyName = dataPropertyName;
column.ReadOnly = readOnly;
// Add the column to the control.
dataGridView1.Columns.Add(column);
}
private void ResetDataGridView()
{
dataGridView1.CancelEdit();
dataGridView1.Columns.Clear();
dataGridView1.DataSource = null;
InitializeDataGridView();
}
private void dataGridView1_CellClick(
object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
{
if (e.ColumnIndex == -1 && e.RowIndex == -1)
{
ResetDataGridView();
}
}
private void dataGridView1_ColumnWidthChanged(
object sender, DataGridViewColumnEventArgs e)
{
// Invalidate the row corresponding to the column that changed
// to ensure that the FillWeight and Width entries are updated.
dataGridView1.InvalidateRow(e.Column.Index);
}
private void dataGridView1_CurrentCellDirtyStateChanged(
object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// For combo box and check box cells, commit any value change as soon
// as it is made rather than waiting for the focus to leave the cell.
if (!dataGridView1.CurrentCell.OwningColumn.GetType()
.Equals(typeof(DataGridViewTextBoxColumn)))
{
dataGridView1.CommitEdit(DataGridViewDataErrorContexts.Commit);
}
}
private void dataGridView1_DataError(
object sender, DataGridViewDataErrorEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Exception == null) return;
// If the user-specified value is invalid, cancel the change
// and display the error icon in the row header.
if ((e.Context & DataGridViewDataErrorContexts.Commit) != 0 &&
(typeof(FormatException).IsAssignableFrom(e.Exception.GetType()) ||
typeof(ArgumentException).IsAssignableFrom(e.Exception.GetType())))
{
dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].ErrorText =
"The specified value is invalid.";
e.Cancel = true;
}
else
{
// Rethrow any exceptions that aren't related to the user input.
e.ThrowException = true;
}
}
private void dataGridView1_CellEndEdit(
object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
{
// Ensure that the error icon in the row header is hidden.
dataGridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].ErrorText = "";
}
private void dataGridView1_CellValueChanged(
object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
{
// Retrieve the property to change.
String nameOfPropertyToChange =
dataGridView1.Columns[e.ColumnIndex].Name;
PropertyInfo propertyToChange =
typeof(DataGridViewColumn).GetProperty(nameOfPropertyToChange);
// Retrieve the column to change.
String nameOfColumnToChange =
(String)dataGridView1["Column", e.RowIndex].Value;
DataGridViewColumn columnToChange =
dataGridView1.Columns[nameOfColumnToChange];
// Use reflection to update the value of the column property.
propertyToChange.SetValue(columnToChange,
dataGridView1[nameOfPropertyToChange, e.RowIndex].Value, null);
}
}
注释
若要使用此演示应用程序，请执行下列操作：
更改窗体的大小。观察在保持由 FillWeight 属性值所指示的比例的情况下，列的宽度如何发生更改。
通过用鼠标拖动列分隔符，更改列的大小。观察 FillWeight 值如何更改。
更改一个列的 MinimumWidth 值，然后通过拖动鼠标调整窗体大小。观察在使窗体足够小时 Width 值无论如何也不低于 MinimumWidth 值的情况。
将所有列的 MinimumWidth 值更改为很大的数字，以便使组合值超过控件宽度。观察水平滚动条如何出现。
更改某些列的 AutoSizeMode 值。观察调整列或窗体大小时的效果。
编译代码
此示例要求：
- 对 System、System.Drawing 和 System.Windows.Forms 程序集的引用。
有关从 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 的命令行生成此示例的信息，请参见从命令行生成 (Visual Basic) 或在命令行上使用 csc.exe 生成。也可以通过将代码粘贴到新项目，在 Visual Studio 中生成此示例。 如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例
如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例
如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例
如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例
如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例
请参见
参考
DataGridView.AutoResizeColumns
DataGridView.AutoSizeColumnsMode
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode
DataGridViewColumn.InheritedAutoSizeMode
DataGridViewColumn.AutoSizeMode
DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnMode
DataGridViewColumn.MinimumWidth