Controlling Streams

Controlling Streams

The fopen function returns the address of an object of type FILE. You use this address as the stream argument to several library functions to perform various operations on an open file. For a byte stream, all input takes place as if each character is read by calling fgetc, and all output takes place as if each character is written by calling fputc. For a wide stream (with Amendment 1), all input takes place as if each character is read by calling fgetwc, and all output takes place as if each character is written by calling fputwc.

You can close a file by calling fclose, after which the address of the FILE object is invalid.

A FILE object stores the state of a stream, including:

• An error indicator -- set nonzero by a function that encounters a read or write error
• An end-of-file indicator -- set nonzero by a function that encounters the end of the file while reading
• A file-position indicator -- specifies the next byte in the stream to read or write, if the file can support positioning requests
• A stream state -- specifies whether the stream will accept reads and/or writes and, with Amendment 1, whether the stream is unbound, byte-oriented, or wide-oriented
• A conversion state -- remembers the state of any partly assembled or generated generalized multibyte character, as well as any shift state for the sequence of bytes in the file
• A file buffer -- specifies the address and size of an array object that library functions can use to improve the performance of read and write operations to the stream

Do not alter any value stored in a FILE object or in a file buffer that you specify for use with that object. You cannot copy a FILE object and portably use the address of the copy as a stream argument to a library function.