send
This function sends data on a connected socket.
int send(
SOCKET s,
const char FAR* buf,
int len,
int flags
);
Parameters
- s
[in] Descriptor identifying a connected socket. - buf
[in] Buffer containing the data to be transmitted. - len
[in] Length of the data in the buf parameter. - flags
[in] Indicator specifying the way in which the call is made.
Return Values
If no error occurs, this function returns the total number of bytes sent, which can be less than the number indicated by len for nonblocking sockets. If an error occurs, a value of SOCKET_ERROR is returned, and a specific error code can be retrieved by calling WSAGetLastError. The following table shows a list of possible error codes.
| Error code | Description |
|---|---|
| WSANOTINITIALISED | A successful WSAStartup call must occur before using this function. |
| WSAENETDOWN | The network subsystem has failed. |
| WSAEACCES | The requested address is a broadcast address, but the appropriate flag was not set. Call setsockopt (Windows Sockets) with the SO_BROADCAST parameter to allow the use of the broadcast address. |
| WSAEINTR | The socket was closed. |
| WSAEINPROGRESS | A blocking Winsock call is in progress, or the service provider is still processing a callback function. |
| WSAEFAULT | The buf parameter is not completely contained in a valid part of the user address space. |
| WSAENETRESET | The connection has been broken due to the keep-alive activity detecting a failure while the operation was in progress. |
| WSAENOBUFS | No buffer space is available. |
| WSAENOTCONN | The socket is not connected. |
| WSAENOTSOCK | The descriptor is not a socket. |
| WSAEOPNOTSUPP | MSG_OOB was specified, but the socket is not stream style such as type SOCK_STREAM, out of band (OOB) data is not supported in the communication domain associated with this socket, or the socket is unidirectional and supports only receive operations. |
| WSAESHUTDOWN | The socket has been shut down. It is not possible to send on a socket after shutdown has been invoked with how set to SD_SEND or SD_BOTH. |
| WSAEWOULDBLOCK | The socket is marked as nonblocking and the requested operation would block. |
| WSAEMSGSIZE | The socket is message-oriented, and the message is larger than the maximum supported by the underlying transport. |
| WSAEHOSTUNREACH | The remote host cannot be reached from this host at this time. |
| WSAEINVAL | The socket has not been bound with bind (Windows Sockets), an unknown flag was specified, or MSG_OOB was specified for a socket with SO_OOBINLINE enabled. |
| WSAECONNABORTED | The virtual circuit was terminated due to a time-out or other failure. The application should close the socket because it is no longer usable. |
| WSAECONNRESET | The virtual circuit was reset by the remote side executing a hard or abortive close. For UDP sockets, the remote host was unable to deliver a previously sent UDP datagram and responded with a "Port Unreachable" ICMP packet. The application should close the socket because it is no longer usable. |
| WSAETIMEDOUT | The connection has been dropped because of a network failure or because the system on the other end went down without notice. |
Remarks
This function is used to write outgoing data on a connected socket. For message-oriented sockets, care must be taken not to exceed the maximum packet size of the underlying provider, which can be obtained by using getsockopt (Windows Sockets) to retrieve the value of socket option SO_MAX_MSG_SIZE. If the data is too long to pass atomically through the underlying protocol, the error WSAEMSGSIZE is returned and no data is transmitted.
The successful completion of a send call does not indicate that the data was successfully delivered.
If no buffer space is available within the transport system to hold the data to be transmitted, send will block unless the socket has been placed in nonblocking mode. On nonblocking stream-oriented sockets, the number of bytes written can be between 1 and the requested length, depending on buffer availability on both client and server machines. The select or WSAEventSelect function can be used to determine when it is possible to send more data.
The flags parameter can be used to influence the behavior of the function beyond the options specified for the associated socket. The semantics of this function are determined by the socket options and the flags parameter. The following table shows the value used with the the bitwise OR operator to construct the flags parameter.
| Value | Description |
|---|---|
| MSG_DONTROUTE | Specifies that the data should not be subject to routing. A Windows Sockets service provider can choose to ignore this flag. |
Requirements
OS Versions: Windows CE 1.0 and later.
Header: Winsock2.h.
Link Library: Ws2.lib.
See Also
bind (Windows Sockets) | getsockopt (Windows Sockets) | recv | recvfrom | select | sendto | shutdown | setsockopt (Windows Sockets) | socket (Windows Sockets) | WSAEventSelect | WSAGetLastError | WSAStartup
Last updated on Saturday, April 10, 2004
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