加密資料行

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本主題描述如何使用 Transact-SQL 在 SQL Server 2014 中使用對稱式加密來加密資料行。

本主題內容

開始之前

安全性

權限

需要下列權限，才能執行以下步驟：

  • 資料庫的 CONTROL 權限。

  • 資料庫的 CREATE CERTIFICATE 權限。 只有 Windows 登入、SQL Server 登入，以及應用程式角色可以擁有憑證。 群組和角色無法擁有憑證。

  • 資料表的 ALTER 權限。

  • 金鑰的某種權限，而且絕不能被拒絕 VIEW DEFINITION 權限。

使用 TRANSACT-SQL

若要使用簡單的對稱加密來加密資料行

  1. 在物件總管中，連線到資料庫引擎的執行個體。

  2. 在標準列上，按一下 [新增查詢] 。

  3. 複製下列範例並將其貼到查詢視窗中，然後按一下 [執行] 。

    USE AdventureWorks2012;  
--If there is no master key, create one now.   
IF NOT EXISTS   
    (SELECT * FROM sys.symmetric_keys WHERE symmetric_key_id = 101)  
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY   
    PASSWORD = '23987hxJKL95QYV4369#ghf0%lekjg5k3fd117r$$#1946kcj$n44ncjhdlj'  
GO  

CREATE CERTIFICATE Sales09  
   WITH SUBJECT = 'Customer Credit Card Numbers';  
GO  

CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11  
    WITH ALGORITHM = AES_256  
    ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;  
GO  

-- Create a column in which to store the encrypted data.  
ALTER TABLE Sales.CreditCard   
    ADD CardNumber_Encrypted varbinary(128);   
GO  

-- Open the symmetric key with which to encrypt the data.  
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11  
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;  

-- Encrypt the value in column CardNumber using the  
-- symmetric key CreditCards_Key11.  
-- Save the result in column CardNumber_Encrypted.    
UPDATE Sales.CreditCard  
SET CardNumber_Encrypted = EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('CreditCards_Key11')  
    , CardNumber, 1, HashBytes('SHA1', CONVERT( varbinary  
    , CreditCardID)));  
GO  

-- Verify the encryption.  
-- First, open the symmetric key with which to decrypt the data.  

OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY CreditCards_Key11  
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE Sales09;  
GO  

-- Now list the original card number, the encrypted card number,  
-- and the decrypted ciphertext. If the decryption worked,  
-- the original number will match the decrypted number.  

SELECT CardNumber, CardNumber_Encrypted   
    AS 'Encrypted card number', CONVERT(nvarchar,  
    DecryptByKey(CardNumber_Encrypted, 1 ,   
    HashBytes('SHA1', CONVERT(varbinary, CreditCardID))))  
    AS 'Decrypted card number' FROM Sales.CreditCard;  
GO

若要使用包含驗證器的對稱加密來加密資料行

  1. 在物件總管中，連線到資料庫引擎的執行個體。

  2. 在標準列上，按一下 [新增查詢] 。

  3. 複製下列範例並將其貼到查詢視窗中，然後按一下 [執行] 。

    USE AdventureWorks2012;  
GO  

--If there is no master key, create one now.   
IF NOT EXISTS   
    (SELECT * FROM sys.symmetric_keys WHERE symmetric_key_id = 101)  
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY   
    PASSWORD = '23987hxJKL969#ghf0%94467GRkjg5k3fd117r$$#1946kcj$n44nhdlj'  
GO  

CREATE CERTIFICATE HumanResources037  
   WITH SUBJECT = 'Employee Social Security Numbers';  
GO  

CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01  
    WITH ALGORITHM = AES_256  
    ENCRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;  
GO  

USE [AdventureWorks2012];  
GO  

-- Create a column in which to store the encrypted data.  
ALTER TABLE HumanResources.Employee  
    ADD EncryptedNationalIDNumber varbinary(128);   
GO  

-- Open the symmetric key with which to encrypt the data.  
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01  
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;  

-- Encrypt the value in column NationalIDNumber with symmetric   
-- key SSN_Key_01. Save the result in column EncryptedNationalIDNumber.  
UPDATE HumanResources.Employee  
SET EncryptedNationalIDNumber = EncryptByKey(Key_GUID('SSN_Key_01'), NationalIDNumber);  
GO  

-- Verify the encryption.  
-- First, open the symmetric key with which to decrypt the data.  
OPEN SYMMETRIC KEY SSN_Key_01  
   DECRYPTION BY CERTIFICATE HumanResources037;  
GO  

-- Now list the original ID, the encrypted ID, and the   
-- decrypted ciphertext. If the decryption worked, the original  
-- and the decrypted ID will match.  
SELECT NationalIDNumber, EncryptedNationalIDNumber   
    AS 'Encrypted ID Number',  
    CONVERT(nvarchar, DecryptByKey(EncryptedNationalIDNumber))   
    AS 'Decrypted ID Number'  
    FROM HumanResources.Employee;  
GO

如需詳細資訊，請參閱下列：