使用日期和時間類型

發行項
05/07/2013

此範例顯示如何初始化在 SQL Server 2008 中加入的日期/時間資料結構。接著，它會準備輸入值、繫結參數，然後執行查詢。如需有關使用這些類型的詳細資訊，請參閱＜ODBC 日期/時間的改善 (ODBC)＞。

範例

您將需要稱為 DateTime 的 ODBC 資料來源。 DateTime 的預設資料庫應該是 tempdb。對於 SQL Server Native Client，此資料來源必須以 ODBC 驅動程式為基礎。

如果您要建立並執行此範例，當做 64 位元作業系統上的 32 位元應用程式，您必須利用 %windir%\SysWOW64\odbcad32.exe，以 ODBC 管理員身分建立 ODBC 資料來源。

這個範例會連接到電腦的預設 SQL Server 執行個體。若要連接到具名執行個體，請變更 ODBC 資料來源的定義，以便使用下列格式指定執行個體：server\namedinstance。根據預設，SQL Server Express 會安裝至具名執行個體。

第一個 (Transact-SQL) 程式碼清單會建立此範例所使用的資料表。

使用 odbc32.lib 和 user32.lib 編譯第二個 (C++) 程式碼清單。請確認您的 INCLUDE 環境變數包含的目錄內含 sqlncli.h。

第三個 (Transact-SQL) 程式碼清單會刪除此範例所使用的資料表。

use tempdb
GO

IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'DateTimeTypes')
DROP TABLE DateTimeTypes
GO

CREATE TABLE DateTimeTypes (datecol date, time2col time(7), datetime2col datetime2(7), datetimeoffsetcol datetimeoffset(7))
GO

// compile with: odbc32.lib user32.lib
#include <windows.h>
#include <Sqlext.h>
#include <mbstring.h>
#include <sqlncli.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX_DATA 1024
#define MYSQLSUCCESS(rc) ( (rc == SQL_SUCCESS) || (rc == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO) )

class direxec {
   RETCODE rc;   // ODBC return code
   HENV henv;   // Environment
   HDBC hdbc;   // Connection Handle
   HSTMT hstmt;   // Statement Handle
   SQLHDESC hdesc;   // Descriptor handle
   unsigned char szData[MAX_DATA];   // Returned Data Storage
   SDWORD cbData;   // Output Lenght of data
   unsigned char char_ds_name[SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH];   // Data Source Name
   
   SQL_DATE_STRUCT date;   // date structure
   SQL_SS_TIME2_STRUCT time2;   // time2 structure
   SQL_TIMESTAMP_STRUCT datetime2;   // datetime2 structure
   SQL_SS_TIMESTAMPOFFSET_STRUCT dateTimeOffset;   // datetimeoffset structure
   
   SQLLEN cbdate;   // size of date structure
   SQLLEN cbtime2;   // size of time structure
   SQLLEN cbdatetime2;   // size of datetime2
   SQLLEN cbtimestampoffset;   //size of dateTimeOffset

public:
   direxec();   // Constructor
   void sqlconn();   // Allocate env, stat and conn
   
   void sqldisconn();   // Free pointers to env, stat, conn and disconnect
   void error_out();   // Display errors
   void check_rc(RETCODE rc);   // Checks for success of the return code
   
   void sqlinsert();   // Insert into the table
};

// Constructor initializes the string char_ds_name with the data source name and
// initialize the data structures to with the date to be inserted.
direxec::direxec() {
   _mbscpy_s(char_ds_name, (const unsigned char *)"DateTime");

   // Initialize the date structure
   date.day = 12;
   date.month = 10;
   date.year = 2001;

   // Initialize the time structure
   time2.hour = 21;
   time2.minute = 45;
   time2.second = 52;
   time2.fraction = 100  ;

   // Initialize the datetime2 structure
   datetime2.year = 2007;
   datetime2.month = 12;
   datetime2.day = 26;
   datetime2.hour = 0;
   datetime2.minute = 0;
   datetime2.second = 0;
   datetime2.fraction = 100; 

   // Initialize the timestampoffset structure
   dateTimeOffset.year = 2007;
   dateTimeOffset.month = 3;
   dateTimeOffset.day = 11;
   dateTimeOffset.hour = 2;
   dateTimeOffset.minute = 30;
   dateTimeOffset.second = 29;
   dateTimeOffset.fraction = 200;
   dateTimeOffset.timezone_hour = -8;
   dateTimeOffset.timezone_minute = 0;

   // Size of structures 
   cbdate = sizeof(SQL_DATE_STRUCT);
   cbtime2 = sizeof(SQL_SS_TIME2_STRUCT);
   cbdatetime2 = sizeof(SQL_TIMESTAMP_STRUCT);
   cbtimestampoffset = sizeof(SQL_SS_TIMESTAMPOFFSET_STRUCT);

}   // direxec

// Allocate environment handles, connection handle, connect to data source, and allocate statement handle
void direxec::sqlconn() {
   // Allocate the enviroment handle
   rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv);
   check_rc(rc);

   // Set the ODBC version to version 3
   rc = SQLSetEnvAttr(henv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (SQLPOINTER) SQL_OV_ODBC3, SQL_IS_INTEGER);
   check_rc(rc);

   // Allocate the database connection handle
   rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc);
   check_rc(rc);

   // Connect to the database
   rc = SQLConnect(hdbc, char_ds_name, SQL_NTS, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
   check_rc(rc);

   // Allocate the statement handle
   rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt); 
   check_rc(rc);  

   // Allocate the descriptor handle
   rc = rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DESC, hdbc, &hdesc);
   check_rc(rc);

}   // direxec::sqlconn

// Display error message from the DiagRecord
void direxec::error_out() {
   // String to hold the SQL State
   unsigned char szSQLSTATE[10];

   // Error code
   SDWORD nErr;

   // The error message
   unsigned char msg[SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH + 1];

   // Size of the message
   SWORD cbmsg;

   // If hstmt is not null use that for getting the DiagRec
   if (hstmt)
      rc = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt, 1, szSQLSTATE, &nErr, msg, sizeof(msg), &cbmsg);
   // else get the diag record from the env
   else
      rc = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv, 1, szSQLSTATE, &nErr, msg, sizeof(msg), &cbmsg);

   // If the rc is successful, show the message using a message box
   if ( rc == SQL_SUCCESS) {
      char hold_err[100];
      _itoa_s(nErr, hold_err, 100, 10);
      _snprintf_s((char *)szData, MAX_DATA, MAX_DATA - 1, "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s", 
        "Error:", "\n", "SQLSTATE= ", szSQLSTATE, ", Native error=", hold_err, ", msg = ", msg);
      MessageBox(NULL, (const char *)szData, "ODBC Error", MB_OK);
   }
}   // direxec::error_out

// Checks the return code.  If failure, displays the error, free the memory and exits the program
void direxec::check_rc(RETCODE rc) {
   if (!MYSQLSUCCESS(rc)) {
      error_out();
      SQLFreeEnv(henv);
      SQLFreeConnect(hdbc);
      exit(-1);
   } 
}   // direxec::check_rc

// Function to insert dates into the table.
void direxec::sqlinsert() {   
   rc = SQLPrepare(hstmt, (SQLCHAR *) "INSERT INTO DateTimeTypes (datecol, time2col, datetime2col, datetimeoffsetcol) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", SQL_NTS);
   check_rc(rc);

   rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_TYPE_DATE, SQL_TYPE_DATE, 10, 0, &date, 0, &cbdate);
   check_rc(rc);

   rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_BINARY, SQL_SS_TIME2, 16, 7, &time2, 0, &cbtime2);
   check_rc(rc);

   rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 3, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_TIMESTAMP, SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP, 27, 7, &datetime2, 0, &cbdatetime2);
   check_rc(rc);

   rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 4, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_BINARY, SQL_SS_TIMESTAMPOFFSET, 34, 7, &dateTimeOffset, 0, &cbtimestampoffset);
   check_rc(rc);

   rc = SQLExecute(hstmt);
   check_rc(rc);
}   // direxec::sqlinsert

int main() {
   direxec x;

   // Allocate handles, and connect.
   x.sqlconn(); 

   // Insert all into the table
   x.sqlinsert();
}

USE tempdb
GO

IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'DateTimeTypes')
DROP TABLE DateTimeTypes
GO

共用方式為

使用日期和時間類型

範例

其他資源