HOW TO：在背景中下載檔案

發行項
08/21/2008

更新：2007 年 11 月

下載檔案是一種常見的工作，而以個別執行緒來執行這項可能會很耗時的作業，通常會很有幫助。您可以使用 BackgroundWorker 元件，以少量的程式碼達成這個工作。

範例

下列程式碼範例會示範如何使用 BackgroundWorker 元件從一個 URL 載入 XML 檔案。當使用者按下 [下載] 按鈕時，Click 事件處理常式會呼叫 BackgroundWorker 元件的 RunWorkerAsync 方法以啟動下載作業。這個按鈕在下載期間會先停用，待下載完成之後再行啟用。MessageBox 會顯示檔案的內容。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Xml

Public Class Form1
   Inherits Form
   Private WithEvents backgroundWorker1 As BackgroundWorker
   Private WithEvents dowloadButton As Button
   Private document As XmlDocument = Nothing


   Public Sub New()
      InitializeComponent()
    End Sub

    Private Sub dowloadButton_Click( _
    ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) _
    Handles dowloadButton.Click

        ' Start the download operation in the background.
        Me.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync()

        ' Disable the button for the duration of the download.
        Me.dowloadButton.Enabled = False

        ' Wait for the BackgroundWorker to finish the download.
        While Me.backgroundWorker1.IsBusy
            ' Keep UI messages moving, so the form remains 
            ' responsive during the asynchronous operation.
            Application.DoEvents()
        End While

        ' The download is done, so enable the button.
        Me.dowloadButton.Enabled = True
    End Sub

    Private Sub backgroundWorker1_DoWork( _
    ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As DoWorkEventArgs) _
    Handles backgroundWorker1.DoWork

        document = New XmlDocument()

        ' Replace this file name with a valid file name.
        document.Load("http://www.tailspintoys.com/sample.xml")

        ' Uncomment the following line to
        ' simulate a noticeable latency.
        'Thread.Sleep(5000);
    End Sub

   Private Sub backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(sender As Object, e As RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs) Handles backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted
      If e.Error Is Nothing Then
         MessageBox.Show(document.InnerXml, "Download Complete")
      Else
         MessageBox.Show("Failed to download file", "Download failed", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
      End If
    End Sub

    ' <summary>
    ' Required designer variable.
    ' </summary>
   Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer = Nothing

    ' <summary>
    ' Clean up any resources being used.
    ' </summary>
    ' <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
   Protected Overrides Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
      If disposing AndAlso (components IsNot Nothing) Then
         components.Dispose()
      End If
      MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
    End Sub

   #Region "Windows Form Designer generated code"


    ' <summary>
    ' Required method for Designer support - do not modify
    ' the contents of this method with the code editor.
    ' </summary>
   Private Sub InitializeComponent()
      Me.backgroundWorker1 = New System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker()
      Me.dowloadButton = New System.Windows.Forms.Button()
      Me.SuspendLayout()
      ' 
      ' backgroundWorker1
      ' 
      ' 
      ' dowloadButton
      ' 
      Me.dowloadButton.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 12)
      Me.dowloadButton.Name = "dowloadButton"
      Me.dowloadButton.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(75, 23)
      Me.dowloadButton.TabIndex = 0
      Me.dowloadButton.Text = "Download file"
      Me.dowloadButton.UseVisualStyleBackColor = True
      ' 
      ' Form1
      ' 
      Me.AutoScaleDimensions = New System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F)
      Me.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font
      Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(104, 54)
      Me.Controls.Add(dowloadButton)
      Me.Name = "Form1"
      Me.Text = "Form1"
      Me.ResumeLayout(False)
    End Sub

   #End Region
End Class


Public Class Program

    ' <summary>
    ' The main entry point for the application.
    ' </summary>
    <STAThread()> _
    Shared Sub Main()
        Application.EnableVisualStyles()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Xml;

public class Form1 : Form
{
    private BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1;
    private Button dowloadButton;
    private XmlDocument document = null;

    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void dowloadButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // Start the download operation in the background.
        this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();

        // Disable the button for the duration of the download.
        this.dowloadButton.Enabled = false;

        // Wait for the BackgroundWorker to finish the download.
        while (this.backgroundWorker1.IsBusy)
        {
            // Keep UI messages moving, so the form remains 
            // responsive during the asynchronous operation.
            Application.DoEvents();
        }

        // The download is done, so enable the button.
        this.dowloadButton.Enabled = true;
    }

    private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(
        object sender, 
        DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        document = new XmlDocument();

        // Replace this file name with a valid file name.
        document.Load(@"http://www.tailspintoys.com/sample.xml");

        // Uncomment the following line to
        // simulate a noticeable latency.
        //Thread.Sleep(5000);
    }

    private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(
        object sender, 
        RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.Error == null)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(document.InnerXml, "Download Complete");
        }
        else
        {
            MessageBox.Show(
                "Failed to download file", 
                "Download failed", 
                MessageBoxButtons.OK, 
                MessageBoxIcon.Error );
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Required designer variable.
    /// </summary>
    private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

    /// <summary>
    /// Clean up any resources being used.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposing && (components != null))
        {
            components.Dispose();
        }
        base.Dispose(disposing);
    }

    #region Windows Form Designer generated code

    /// <summary>
    /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
    /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
    /// </summary>
    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
        this.backgroundWorker1 = new System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker();
        this.dowloadButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
        this.SuspendLayout();
        // 
        // backgroundWorker1
        // 
        this.backgroundWorker1.DoWork += new System.ComponentModel.DoWorkEventHandler(this.backgroundWorker1_DoWork);
        this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted += new System.ComponentModel.RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(this.backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted);
        // 
        // dowloadButton
        // 
        this.dowloadButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
        this.dowloadButton.Name = "dowloadButton";
        this.dowloadButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);
        this.dowloadButton.TabIndex = 0;
        this.dowloadButton.Text = "Download file";
        this.dowloadButton.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
        this.dowloadButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.dowloadButton_Click);
        // 
        // Form1
        // 
        this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F);
        this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
        this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 54);
        this.Controls.Add(this.dowloadButton);
        this.Name = "Form1";
        this.Text = "Form1";
        this.ResumeLayout(false);

    }

    #endregion
}

static class Program
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The main entry point for the application.
    /// </summary>
    [STAThread]
    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }
}

下載檔案

檔案會在 BackgroundWorker 元件的背景工作執行緒中下載，這個執行緒會執行 DoWork 事件處理常式。當您的程式碼呼叫 RunWorkerAsync 方法時，即會啟動此執行緒。

Private Sub backgroundWorker1_DoWork( _
ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As DoWorkEventArgs) _
Handles backgroundWorker1.DoWork

    document = New XmlDocument()

    ' Replace this file name with a valid file name.
    document.Load("http://www.tailspintoys.com/sample.xml")

    ' Uncomment the following line to
    ' simulate a noticeable latency.
    'Thread.Sleep(5000);
End Sub

private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(
    object sender, 
    DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
    document = new XmlDocument();

    // Replace this file name with a valid file name.
    document.Load(@"http://www.tailspintoys.com/sample.xml");

    // Uncomment the following line to
    // simulate a noticeable latency.
    //Thread.Sleep(5000);
}

等候 BackgroundWorker 完成

dowloadButton_Click 事件處理常式示範了如何等候一個 BackgroundWorker 元件完成其非同步工作。使用 IsBusy 屬性來判斷 BackgroundWorker 執行緒是否仍在執行。如果您的程式碼位於主要的 UI 執行緒，就如同這個 Click 事件處理常式的案例一樣，請務必呼叫 Application.DoEvents 方法以保持 UI 的回應性。

Private Sub dowloadButton_Click( _
ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As EventArgs) _
Handles dowloadButton.Click

    ' Start the download operation in the background.
    Me.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync()

    ' Disable the button for the duration of the download.
    Me.dowloadButton.Enabled = False

    ' Wait for the BackgroundWorker to finish the download.
    While Me.backgroundWorker1.IsBusy
        ' Keep UI messages moving, so the form remains 
        ' responsive during the asynchronous operation.
        Application.DoEvents()
    End While

    ' The download is done, so enable the button.
    Me.dowloadButton.Enabled = True
End Sub

private void dowloadButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Start the download operation in the background.
    this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();

    // Disable the button for the duration of the download.
    this.dowloadButton.Enabled = false;

    // Wait for the BackgroundWorker to finish the download.
    while (this.backgroundWorker1.IsBusy)
    {
        // Keep UI messages moving, so the form remains 
        // responsive during the asynchronous operation.
        Application.DoEvents();
    }

    // The download is done, so enable the button.
    this.dowloadButton.Enabled = true;
}

顯示結果

backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted 方法會處理 RunWorkerCompleted 事件，當背景作業完成時即會呼叫此方法。它會先檢查 AsyncCompletedEventArgs.Error 屬性，如果屬性值為 null，則會顯示檔案的內容。

Private Sub backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(sender As Object, e As RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs) Handles backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted
   If e.Error Is Nothing Then
      MessageBox.Show(document.InnerXml, "Download Complete")
   Else
      MessageBox.Show("Failed to download file", "Download failed", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
   End If
 End Sub

private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(
    object sender, 
    RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.Error == null)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(document.InnerXml, "Download Complete");
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox.Show(
            "Failed to download file", 
            "Download failed", 
            MessageBoxButtons.OK, 
            MessageBoxIcon.Error );
    }
}

編譯程式碼

這個範例需要：

System.Drawing、System.Windows.Forms 和 System.Xml 組件的參考。

如需從 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 的命令列建置這個範例的詳細資訊，請參閱從命令列建置 (Visual Basic) 或使用 csc.exe 建置命令列。您也可以透過將程式碼貼入新的專案，在 Visual Studio 中建置此範例。

穩固程式設計

在嘗試存取 RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs.Result 屬性或任何其他可能受 DoWork 事件處理常式影響的專案之前，永遠先檢查 RunWorkerCompleted 事件處理常式中的 AsyncCompletedEventArgs.Error 屬性。

請參閱

工作

HOW TO：在背景執行作業

HOW TO：實作使用背景作業的表單

參考

BackgroundWorker

共用方式為

HOW TO：在背景中下載檔案

範例

編譯程式碼

穩固程式設計

請參閱

工作

參考

其他資源