HOW TO：執行大型 XML 文件的資料流轉換

有時候您必須轉換大型 XML 檔案並撰寫您的應用程式，讓應用程式的記憶體使用量可以預測。如果您嘗試使用非常大的 XML 檔案填入 XML 樹狀結構，您的記憶體使用量將與檔案大小成正比 (也就是，變成過度)。因此，您應該改用資料流技術。

在您僅需要處理一次來源文件的情況下，最適合使用資料流技術，而且您可以用文件的順序處理項目。特定的標準查詢運算子 (例如，OrderBy) 會反覆查看其來源、收集所有資料、排序這些資料，最後產生順序中的第一個項目。請注意，如果您在產生第一個項目前使用具體化其來源的查詢運算子，您將不會為應用程式保留小的記憶體使用量。

即使您使用 HOW TO：具有標頭資訊存取權的資料流 XML 片段中所描述的技術，如果您嘗試組合包含已轉換之文件的 XML 樹狀結構，記憶體使用量將會太大。

有兩個主要方法。其中一個方法是使用 XStreamingElement 的延緩處理特性。另一個方法則是建立 XmlWriter，然後使用 LINQ to XML 的功能，將項目寫入到 XmlWriter 中。這個主題會示範這兩種方法。

範例

下列範例會在 HOW TO：具有標頭資訊存取權的資料流 XML 片段 的範例上建置。

這個範例會使用 XStreamingElement 的延後執行功能來串流輸出。此範例可以轉換非常大的文件，同時維護小的記憶體使用量。

請注意，自訂座標軸 (StreamCustomerItem) 是特別撰寫的，讓它預備擁有 Customer、Name 和 Item 項目的文件，並預期這些項目將會與下列 Source.xml 文件的排列方式相同。不過，較為健全的實作方法則用於剖析無效的文件。

注意事項
下列範例使用 C# 的 yield return 建構。在 Visual Basic 中，對等程式碼是使用實作 IEnumerable(Of XElement) 介面的類別來提供。如需在 Visual Basic 中實作 IEnumerable(Of T) 的範例，請參閱逐步解說：在 Visual Basic 中實作 IEnumerable(Of T)。

下列是來源文件 Source.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
<Root>
  <Customer>
    <Name>A. Datum Corporation</Name>
    <Item>
      <Key>0001</Key>
    </Item>
    <Item>
      <Key>0002</Key>
    </Item>
    <Item>
      <Key>0003</Key>
    </Item>
    <Item>
      <Key>0004</Key>
    </Item>
  </Customer>
  <Customer>
    <Name>Fabrikam, Inc.</Name>
    <Item>
      <Key>0005</Key>
    </Item>
    <Item>
      <Key>0006</Key>
    </Item>
    <Item>
      <Key>0007</Key>
    </Item>
    <Item>
      <Key>0008</Key>
    </Item>
  </Customer>
  <Customer>
    <Name>Southridge Video</Name>
    <Item>
      <Key>0009</Key>
    </Item>
    <Item>
      <Key>0010</Key>
    </Item>
  </Customer>
</Root>

static IEnumerable<XElement> StreamCustomerItem(string uri)
{
    using (XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(uri))
    {
        XElement name = null;
        XElement item = null;

        reader.MoveToContent();

        // Parse the file, save header information when encountered, and yield the
        // Item XElement objects as they are created.

        // loop through Customer elements
        while (reader.Read())
        {
            if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element
                && reader.Name == "Customer")
            {
                // move to Name element
                while (reader.Read())
                {
                    if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element &&
                        reader.Name == "Name")
                    {
                        name = XElement.ReadFrom(reader) as XElement;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // loop through Item elements
                while (reader.Read())
                {
                    if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.EndElement)
                        break;
                    if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element
                        && reader.Name == "Item")
                    {
                        item = XElement.ReadFrom(reader) as XElement;
                        if (item != null)
                        {
                            XElement tempRoot = new XElement("Root",
                                new XElement(name)
                            );
                            tempRoot.Add(item);
                            yield return item;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    XStreamingElement root = new XStreamingElement("Root",
        from el in StreamCustomerItem("Source.xml")
        select new XElement("Item",
            new XElement("Customer", (string)el.Parent.Element("Name")),
            new XElement(el.Element("Key"))
        )
    );
    root.Save("Test.xml");
    Console.WriteLine(File.ReadAllText("Test.xml"));
}

Module Module1
    Sub Main()
        Dim root = New XStreamingElement("Root",
            From el In New StreamCustomerItem("Source.xml")
            Select <Item>
                       <Customer><%= el.Parent.<Name>.Value %></Customer>
                       <%= el.<Key> %>
                   </Item>
            )
        root.Save("Test.xml")
        Console.WriteLine(My.Computer.FileSystem.ReadAllText("Test.xml"))
    End Sub
End Module



Public Class StreamCustomerItem
    Implements IEnumerable(Of XElement)

    Private _uri As String

    Public Sub New(ByVal uri As String)
        _uri = uri
    End Sub

    Public Function GetEnumerator() As IEnumerator(Of XElement) Implements IEnumerable(Of XElement).GetEnumerator
        Return New StreamCustomerItemEnumerator(_uri)
    End Function

    Public Function GetEnumerator1() As IEnumerator Implements IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
        Return Me.GetEnumerator()
    End Function
End Class

Public Class StreamCustomerItemEnumerator
    Implements IEnumerator(Of XElement)

    Private _current As XElement
    Private _customerName As String
    Private _reader As Xml.XmlReader
    Private _uri As String

    Public Sub New(ByVal uri As String)
        _uri = uri
        _reader = Xml.XmlReader.Create(_uri)
        _reader.MoveToContent()
    End Sub

    Public ReadOnly Property Current As XElement Implements IEnumerator(Of XElement).Current
        Get
            Return _current
        End Get
    End Property

    Public ReadOnly Property Current1 As Object Implements IEnumerator.Current
        Get
            Return Me.Current
        End Get
    End Property

    Public Function MoveNext() As Boolean Implements IEnumerator.MoveNext
        Dim item As XElement
        Dim name As XElement

        ' Parse the file, save header information when encountered, and return the
        ' current Item XElement.

        ' loop through Customer elements
        While _reader.Read()
            If _reader.NodeType = Xml.XmlNodeType.Element Then
                Select Case _reader.Name
                    Case "Customer"
                        ' move to Name element
                        While _reader.Read()

                            If _reader.NodeType = Xml.XmlNodeType.Element AndAlso
                                _reader.Name = "Name" Then

                                name = TryCast(XElement.ReadFrom(_reader), XElement)
                                _customerName = If(name IsNot Nothing, name.Value, "")
                                Exit While
                            End If

                        End While
                    Case "Item"
                        item = TryCast(XElement.ReadFrom(_reader), XElement)
                        Dim tempRoot = <Root>
                                           <Name><%= _customerName %></Name>
                                           <%= item %>
                                       </Root>
                        _current = item
                        Return True
                End Select
            End If
        End While

        Return False
    End Function

    Public Sub Reset() Implements IEnumerator.Reset
        _reader = Xml.XmlReader.Create(_uri)
        _reader.MoveToContent()
    End Sub

#Region "IDisposable Support"
    Private disposedValue As Boolean ' To detect redundant calls

    ' IDisposable
    Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
        If Not Me.disposedValue Then
            If disposing Then
                _reader.Close()
            End If
        End If
        Me.disposedValue = True
    End Sub

    Public Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose
        Dispose(True)
        GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
    End Sub
#End Region

End Class

這個程式碼產生下列輸出：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Root>
  <Item>
    <Customer>A. Datum Corporation</Customer>
    <Key>0001</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>A. Datum Corporation</Customer>
    <Key>0002</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>A. Datum Corporation</Customer>
    <Key>0003</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>A. Datum Corporation</Customer>
    <Key>0004</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Fabrikam, Inc.</Customer>
    <Key>0005</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Fabrikam, Inc.</Customer>
    <Key>0006</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Fabrikam, Inc.</Customer>
    <Key>0007</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Fabrikam, Inc.</Customer>
    <Key>0008</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Southridge Video</Customer>
    <Key>0009</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Southridge Video</Customer>
    <Key>0010</Key>
  </Item>
</Root>

下列範例也會在 HOW TO：具有標頭資訊存取權的資料流 XML 片段 的範例上建置。

此範例會使用 LINQ to XML 的功能，將項目寫入到 XmlWriter 中。此範例可以轉換非常大的文件，同時維護小的記憶體使用量。

請注意，自訂座標軸 (StreamCustomerItem) 是特別撰寫的，讓它預備擁有 Customer、Name 和 Item 項目的文件，並預期這些項目將會與下列 Source.xml 文件的排列方式相同。不過，較為健全的實作方法將會使用 XSD 驗證來源文件，或做為剖析無效文件的準備。

此範例會使用相同的來源文件 Source.xml 做為本主題中的上一個範例。它也會產生完全相同的輸出。

使用 XStreamingElement 串流輸出 XML 優於寫入 XmlWriter。

注意事項
下列範例使用 C# 的 yield return 建構。在 Visual Basic 中，對等程式碼是使用實作 IEnumerable(Of XElement) 介面的類別來提供。如需在 Visual Basic 中實作 IEnumerable(Of T) 的範例，請參閱逐步解說：在 Visual Basic 中實作 IEnumerable(Of T)。

static IEnumerable<XElement> StreamCustomerItem(string uri)
{
    using (XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(uri))
    {
        XElement name = null;
        XElement item = null;

        reader.MoveToContent();

        // Parse the file, save header information when encountered, and yield the
        // Item XElement objects as they are created.

        // loop through Customer elements
        while (reader.Read())
        {
            if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element
                && reader.Name == "Customer")
            {
                // move to Name element
                while (reader.Read())
                {
                    if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element &&
                        reader.Name == "Name")
                    {
                        name = XElement.ReadFrom(reader) as XElement;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                
                // loop through Item elements
                while (reader.Read())
                {
                    if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.EndElement)
                        break;
                    if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element
                        && reader.Name == "Item")
                    {
                        item = XElement.ReadFrom(reader) as XElement;
                        if (item != null) {
                            XElement tempRoot = new XElement("Root",
                                new XElement(name)
                            );
                            tempRoot.Add(item);
                            yield return item;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    IEnumerable<XElement> srcTree =
        from el in StreamCustomerItem("Source.xml")
        select new XElement("Item",
            new XElement("Customer", (string)el.Parent.Element("Name")),
            new XElement(el.Element("Key"))
        );
    XmlWriterSettings xws = new XmlWriterSettings();
    xws.OmitXmlDeclaration = true;
    xws.Indent = true;
    using (XmlWriter xw = XmlWriter.Create("Output.xml", xws)) {
        xw.WriteStartElement("Root");
        foreach (XElement el in srcTree)
            el.WriteTo(xw);
        xw.WriteEndElement();
    }

    string str = File.ReadAllText("Output.xml");
    Console.WriteLine(str);
}

Module Module1
    Sub Main()
        Dim srcTree =
            From el In New StreamCustomerItem("Source.xml")
            Select <Item>
                       <Customer><%= el.Parent.<Name>.Value %></Customer>
                       <%= el.<Key> %>
                   </Item>

        Dim xws = New Xml.XmlWriterSettings()
        xws.OmitXmlDeclaration = True
        xws.Indent = True
        Using xw = Xml.XmlWriter.Create("Output.xml", xws)
            xw.WriteStartElement("Root")
            For Each el In srcTree
                el.WriteTo(xw)
            Next
            xw.WriteEndElement()
        End Using

        Dim s = My.Computer.FileSystem.ReadAllText("Output.xml")
        Console.WriteLine(s)
    End Sub
End Module



Public Class StreamCustomerItem
    Implements IEnumerable(Of XElement)

    Private _uri As String

    Public Sub New(ByVal uri As String)
        _uri = uri
    End Sub

    Public Function GetEnumerator() As IEnumerator(Of XElement) Implements IEnumerable(Of XElement).GetEnumerator
        Return New StreamCustomerItemEnumerator(_uri)
    End Function

    Public Function GetEnumerator1() As IEnumerator Implements IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
        Return Me.GetEnumerator()
    End Function
End Class

Public Class StreamCustomerItemEnumerator
    Implements IEnumerator(Of XElement)

    Private _current As XElement
    Private _customerName As String
    Private _reader As Xml.XmlReader
    Private _uri As String

    Public Sub New(ByVal uri As String)
        _uri = uri
        _reader = Xml.XmlReader.Create(_uri)
        _reader.MoveToContent()
    End Sub

    Public ReadOnly Property Current As XElement Implements IEnumerator(Of XElement).Current
        Get
            Return _current
        End Get
    End Property

    Public ReadOnly Property Current1 As Object Implements IEnumerator.Current
        Get
            Return Me.Current
        End Get
    End Property

    Public Function MoveNext() As Boolean Implements IEnumerator.MoveNext
        Dim item As XElement
        Dim name As XElement

        ' Parse the file, save header information when encountered, and return the
        ' current Item XElement.

        ' loop through Customer elements
        While _reader.Read()
            If _reader.NodeType = Xml.XmlNodeType.Element Then
                Select Case _reader.Name
                    Case "Customer"
                        ' move to Name element
                        While _reader.Read()

                            If _reader.NodeType = Xml.XmlNodeType.Element AndAlso
                                _reader.Name = "Name" Then

                                name = TryCast(XElement.ReadFrom(_reader), XElement)
                                _customerName = If(name IsNot Nothing, name.Value, "")
                                Exit While
                            End If

                        End While
                    Case "Item"
                        item = TryCast(XElement.ReadFrom(_reader), XElement)
                        Dim tempRoot = <Root>
                                           <Name><%= _customerName %></Name>
                                           <%= item %>
                                       </Root>
                        _current = item
                        Return True
                End Select
            End If
        End While

        Return False
    End Function

    Public Sub Reset() Implements IEnumerator.Reset
        _reader = Xml.XmlReader.Create(_uri)
        _reader.MoveToContent()
    End Sub

#Region "IDisposable Support"
    Private disposedValue As Boolean ' To detect redundant calls

    ' IDisposable
    Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
        If Not Me.disposedValue Then
            If disposing Then
                _reader.Close()
            End If
        End If
        Me.disposedValue = True
    End Sub

    Public Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose
        Dispose(True)
        GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
    End Sub
#End Region

End Class

這個程式碼產生下列輸出：

<Root>
  <Item>
    <Customer>A. Datum Corporation</Customer>
    <Key>0001</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>A. Datum Corporation</Customer>
    <Key>0002</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>A. Datum Corporation</Customer>
    <Key>0003</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>A. Datum Corporation</Customer>
    <Key>0004</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Fabrikam, Inc.</Customer>
    <Key>0005</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Fabrikam, Inc.</Customer>
    <Key>0006</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Fabrikam, Inc.</Customer>
    <Key>0007</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Fabrikam, Inc.</Customer>
    <Key>0008</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Southridge Video</Customer>
    <Key>0009</Key>
  </Item>
  <Item>
    <Customer>Southridge Video</Customer>
    <Key>0010</Key>
  </Item>
</Root>

請參閱

概念

LINQ to XML 進階程式設計