Array.FindLast<T>(T[], Predicate<T>) Methode

public:
generic <typename T>
 static T FindLast(cli::array <T> ^ array, Predicate<T> ^ match);

public static T FindLast<T> (T[] array, Predicate<T> match);

public static T? FindLast<T> (T[] array, Predicate<T> match);

static member FindLast : 'T[] * Predicate<'T> -> 'T

Public Shared Function FindLast(Of T) (array As T(), match As Predicate(Of T)) As T

Typparameter

Parameter

Gibt zurück

Das letzte Element, das den bedingungen entspricht, die durch das angegebene Prädikat definiert sind, falls gefunden; andernfalls der Standardwert für typ T.

Ausnahmen

Beispiele

Im folgenden Codebeispiel werden die generischen Methoden Find, FindLastund FindAll veranschaulicht. Es wird ein Array von Zeichenfolgen erstellt, das 8 Dinosauriernamen enthält, von denen zwei (an den Positionen 1 und 5) mit "saurus" enden. Im Codebeispiel wird auch eine Suchprädikatmethode namens EndsWithSaurusdefiniert, die einen Zeichenfolgenparameter akzeptiert und einen booleschen Wert zurückgibt, der angibt, ob die Eingabezeichenfolge in "saurus" endet.

Die Find generische Methode durchläuft das Array von Anfang an und übergibt jedes Element wiederum an die EndsWithSaurus-Methode. Die Suche wird beendet, wenn die EndsWithSaurus-Methode true für das Element "Amargasaurus" zurückgibt.

Die FindLast generische Methode wird verwendet, um das Array rückwärts vom Ende zu durchsuchen. Es findet das Element "Dilophosaurus" an Position 5. Die FindAll generische Methode wird verwendet, um ein Array zurückzugeben, das alle Elemente enthält, die in "saurus" enden. Die Elemente werden angezeigt.

Im Codebeispiel werden auch die allgemeinen Methoden Exists und TrueForAll veranschaulicht.

using namespace System;

public ref class DinoDiscoverySet
{
public:
    static void Main()
    {
        array<String^>^ dinosaurs =
        {
            "Compsognathus", "Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor",
            "Velociraptor",  "Deinonychus",  "Dilophosaurus",
            "Gallimimus",    "Triceratops"
        };

        DinoDiscoverySet^ GoMesozoic = gcnew DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs);

        GoMesozoic->DiscoverAll();
        GoMesozoic->DiscoverByEnding("saurus");
    }

    DinoDiscoverySet(array<String^>^ items)
    {
        dinosaurs = items;
    }

    void DiscoverAll()
    {
        Console::WriteLine();
        for each(String^ dinosaur in dinosaurs)
        {
            Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }

    void DiscoverByEnding(String^ Ending)
    {
        Predicate<String^>^ dinoType;

        if (Ending->ToLower() == "raptor")
        {
            dinoType =
                gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithRaptor);
        }
        else if (Ending->ToLower() == "tops")
        {
            dinoType =
                gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithTops);
        }
        else if (Ending->ToLower() == "saurus")
        {
            dinoType =
                gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithSaurus);
        }
        else
        {
            dinoType =
                gcnew Predicate<String^>(&DinoDiscoverySet::EndsWithSaurus);
        }

        Console::WriteLine(
            "\nArray::Exists(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array::Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console::WriteLine(
            "\nArray::TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array::TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console::WriteLine(
            "\nArray::Find(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array::Find(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console::WriteLine(
            "\nArray::FindLast(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array::FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console::WriteLine(
            "\nArray::FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"):", Ending);

        array<String^>^ subArray =
            Array::FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType);

        for each(String^ dinosaur in subArray)
        {
            Console::WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }

private:
    array<String^>^ dinosaurs;

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
    static bool EndsWithSaurus(String^ s)
    {
        if ((s->Length > 5) &&
            (s->Substring(s->Length - 6)->ToLower() == "saurus"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
    static bool EndsWithRaptor(String^ s)
    {
        if ((s->Length > 5) &&
            (s->Substring(s->Length - 6)->ToLower() == "raptor"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
    static bool EndsWithTops(String^ s)
    {
        if ((s->Length > 3) &&
            (s->Substring(s->Length - 4)->ToLower() == "tops"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
};

int main()
{
    DinoDiscoverySet::Main();
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Compsognathus
Amargasaurus
Oviraptor
Velociraptor
Deinonychus
Dilophosaurus
Gallimimus
Triceratops

Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True

Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False

Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus

Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus

Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
Amargasaurus
Dilophosaurus
*/

using System;

public class DinoDiscoverySet
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        string[] dinosaurs =
        {
            "Compsognathus", "Amargasaurus", "Oviraptor",
            "Velociraptor",  "Deinonychus",  "Dilophosaurus",
            "Gallimimus",    "Triceratops"
        };

        DinoDiscoverySet GoMesozoic = new DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs);

        GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll();
        GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus");
    }

    private string[] dinosaurs;

    public DinoDiscoverySet(string[] items)
    {
        dinosaurs = items;
    }

    public void DiscoverAll()
    {
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach(string dinosaur in dinosaurs)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }

    public void DiscoverByEnding(string Ending)
    {
        Predicate<string> dinoType;

        switch (Ending.ToLower())
        {
            case "raptor":
                dinoType = EndsWithRaptor;
                break;
            case "tops":
                dinoType = EndsWithTops;
                break;
            case "saurus":
            default:
                dinoType = EndsWithSaurus;
                break;
        }
        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"): {1}",
            Ending,
            Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType));

        Console.WriteLine(
            "\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{0}\"):", Ending);

        string[] subArray =
            Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType);

        foreach(string dinosaur in subArray)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur);
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
    private bool EndsWithSaurus(string s)
    {
        if ((s.Length > 5) &&
            (s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "saurus"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
    private bool EndsWithRaptor(String s)
    {
        if ((s.Length > 5) &&
            (s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() == "raptor"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
    private bool EndsWithTops(String s)
    {
        if ((s.Length > 3) &&
            (s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() == "tops"))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

Compsognathus
Amargasaurus
Oviraptor
Velociraptor
Deinonychus
Dilophosaurus
Gallimimus
Triceratops

Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True

Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False

Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus

Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus

Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
Amargasaurus
Dilophosaurus
*/

open System

// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
let endsWithSaurus (s: string) =
    s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "saurus"

// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
let endsWithRaptor (s: string) =
    s.Length > 5 && s.Substring(s.Length - 6).ToLower() = "raptor"

// Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
let endsWithTops (s: string) =
    s.Length > 3 && s.Substring(s.Length - 4).ToLower() = "tops"

type DinoDiscoverySet =
    { Dinosaurs: string [] }

    member this.DiscoverAll() =
        printfn ""
        for dino in this.Dinosaurs do
            printfn $"{dino}"

    member this.DiscoverByEnding(ending: string) =
        let dinoType =
            match ending.ToLower() with
            | "raptor" -> endsWithRaptor
            | "tops" -> endsWithTops
            | "saurus" | _ -> endsWithSaurus

        Array.Exists(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.Exists(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending

        Array.TrueForAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %b" ending

        Array.Find(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.Find(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending

        Array.FindLast(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType)
        |> printfn "\nArray.FindLast(dinosaurs, \"%s\"): %s" ending

        printfn $"\nArray.FindAll(dinosaurs, \"{ending}\"):"
        for dinosaur in Array.FindAll(this.Dinosaurs, dinoType) do
            printfn $"{dinosaur}"

let dinosaurs =
    [| "Compsognathus"; "Amargasaurus"; "Oviraptor"
       "Velociraptor"; "Deinonychus"; "Dilophosaurus"
       "Gallimimus"; "Triceratops" |]

let goMesozoic = { Dinosaurs = dinosaurs }

goMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
goMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding "saurus"


// This code example produces the following output:
//     Compsognathus
//     Amargasaurus
//     Oviraptor
//     Velociraptor
//     Deinonychus
//     Dilophosaurus
//     Gallimimus
//     Triceratops
//
//     Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): true
//
//     Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): false
//
//     Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
//
//     Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
//
//     Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
//     Amargasaurus
//     Dilophosaurus

Public Class DinoDiscoverySet

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Dim dinosaurs() As String = { "Compsognathus", _
            "Amargasaurus",   "Oviraptor",      "Velociraptor", _
            "Deinonychus",    "Dilophosaurus",  "Gallimimus", _
            "Triceratops" }

        Dim GoMesozoic As New DinoDiscoverySet(dinosaurs)

        GoMesozoic.DiscoverAll()
        GoMesozoic.DiscoverByEnding("saurus")
    End Sub

    Private dinosaurs As String()

    Public Sub New(items() As String)
        dinosaurs = items
    End Sub

    Public Sub DiscoverAll()
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each dinosaur As String In dinosaurs
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next dinosaur
    End Sub

    Public Sub DiscoverByEnding(Ending As String)
        Dim dinoType As Predicate(Of String)

        Select Case Ending.ToLower()
            Case "raptor"
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithRaptor
            Case "tops"
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithTops
            Case "saurus"
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
            Case Else
                dinoType = AddressOf EndsWithSaurus
        End Select

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.Exists(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.Exists(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.Find(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.Find(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, ""{0}""): {1}", _
            Ending, _
            Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, dinoType))

        Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine + _
            "Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, ""{0}""):", Ending)

        Dim subArray() As String = _
            Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, dinoType)

        For Each dinosaur As String In subArray
            Console.WriteLine(dinosaur)
        Next dinosaur
    End Sub

    ' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "saurus".
    Private Function EndsWithSaurus(s As String) As Boolean
        ' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
        ' expression if the string is so short that an error
        ' would occur.
        If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
            (s.ToLower().EndsWith("saurus")) Then
            Return True
        Else
            Return False
        End If
    End Function

    ' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "raptor".
    Private Function EndsWithRaptor(s As String) As Boolean
        ' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
        ' expression if the string is so short that an error
        ' would occur.
        If (s.Length > 5) AndAlso _
            (s.ToLower().EndsWith("raptor")) Then
            Return True
        Else
            Return False
        End If
    End Function

    ' Search predicate returns true if a string ends in "tops".
    Private Function EndsWithTops(s As String) As Boolean
        ' AndAlso prevents evaluation of the second Boolean
        ' expression if the string is so short that an error
        ' would occur.
        If (s.Length > 3) AndAlso _
            (s.ToLower().EndsWith("tops")) Then
            Return True
        Else
            Return False
        End If
    End Function
End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
' Compsognathus
' Amargasaurus
' Oviraptor
' Velociraptor
' Deinonychus
' Dilophosaurus
' Gallimimus
' Triceratops
'
' Array.Exists(dinosaurs, "saurus"): True
'
' Array.TrueForAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"): False
'
' Array.Find(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Amargasaurus
'
' Array.FindLast(dinosaurs, "saurus"): Dilophosaurus
'
' Array.FindAll(dinosaurs, "saurus"):
' Amargasaurus
' Dilophosaurus

Hinweise

Die Predicate<T> ist ein Delegat für eine Methode, die true zurückgibt, wenn das an sie übergebene Objekt den in der Stellvertretung definierten Bedingungen entspricht. Die Elemente von array werden einzeln an die Predicate<T>übergeben, die sich im Arrayrückwärts bewegen, beginnend mit dem letzten Element und enden mit dem ersten Element. Die Verarbeitung wird beendet, wenn eine Übereinstimmung gefunden wird.

Diese Methode ist ein O(n) Vorgang, wobei n die Length von arrayist.

Gilt für:

Weitere Informationen

• Exists<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• Find<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• FindAll<T>(T[], Predicate<T>)
• BinarySearch
• IndexOf
• LastIndexOf
• Predicate<T>