Erstellen einer einfachen visuellen Struktur
Hinweis
Für Apps auf Windows 10 wird die Verwendung von Windows.UI.Composition-APIs anstelle von DirectComposition empfohlen. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Modernisieren Ihrer Desktop-App mithilfe der visuellen Ebene.
In diesem Thema wird veranschaulicht, wie Sie eine einfache visuelle Microsoft DirectComposition-Struktur erstellen. Im Beispiel in diesem Thema wird eine visuelle Struktur erstellt und erstellt, die aus einem Stammvisual und drei untergeordneten Visuals besteht. Der Inhalt des Stammvisuals ist eine hellblaue Bitmap, die als Hintergrund für die untergeordneten Visuals dient. Diese Abbildung zeigt die Komposition, die durch den Beispielcode in diesem Thema erstellt wurde.
Wichtige Informationen
Technologien
Voraussetzungen
Kenntnisse zu:
- C/C++
- Microsoft Win32
- Component Object Model (COM)
Anweisungen
Schritt 1: Initialisieren der Geräte- und Kompositionszielobjekte
Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Initialisieren von DirectComposition.
Schritt 2: Erstellen der visuellen Objekte und Festlegen des Bitmapinhalts
Verwenden Sie die IDCompositionDevice::CreateVisual-Methode zum Erstellen der Visuals und die IDCompositionVisual::SetContent-Methode , um den Bitmapinhalt der Visuals festzulegen.
Hinweis
Im folgenden Beispiel enthält das erste Element des m_hBitmaps Arrays die Bitmap für das Stammvisual, und die restlichen Elemente enthalten die Bitmaps für die untergeordneten Visuals.
#define NUM_VISUALS 4 // number of visuals in the composition
HBITMAP m_hBitmaps[NUM_VISUALS];
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
IDCompositionVisual *pVisuals[NUM_VISUALS]{ };
IDCompositionSurface *pSurface{ nullptr };
// Create a visual objects and set their content.
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_VISUALS; i++)
{
hr = m_pDevice->CreateVisual(&pVisuals[i]);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// This application-defined function creates a DirectComposition
// surface and renders a GDI bitmap onto the surface.
hr = MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(m_hBitmaps[i], &pSurface);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the bitmap content.
hr = pVisuals[i]->SetContent(pSurface);
}
SafeRelease(&pSurface);
}
if (FAILED(hr))
{
goto Cleanup;
}
}
Die folgende anwendungsdefinierte Funktion zeigt, wie Sie die Microsoft DirectComposition-Oberfläche erstellen und eine GDI-Bitmap (Windows Graphics Device Interface) auf der Oberfläche rendern.
// MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface - Creates a DirectComposition surface and
// copies the bitmap to the surface.
//
// Parameters:
// hBitmap - a GDI bitmap.
// ppSurface - the composition surface object.
//
HRESULT DemoApp::MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(HBITMAP hBitmap, IDCompositionSurface **ppSurface)
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
int bitmapWidth = 0;
int bitmapHeight = 0;
int bmpSize = 0;
BITMAP bmp = { };
HBITMAP hBitmapOld = NULL;
HDC hSurfaceDC = NULL;
HDC hBitmapDC = NULL;
IDXGISurface1 *pDXGISurface = nullptr;
POINT pointOffset = { };
hr = hBitmap ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Get information about the bitmap.
bmpSize = GetObject(hBitmap, sizeof(BITMAP), &bmp);
}
hr = bmpSize ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Save the bitmap dimensions.
bitmapWidth = bmp.bmWidth;
bitmapHeight = bmp.bmHeight;
// Create a DirectComposition-compatible surface that is the same size
// as the bitmap.
hr = m_pDevice->CreateSurface(bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight,
DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ALPHA_MODE_IGNORE, ppSurface);
}
hr = ppSurface ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = (*ppSurface)->BeginDraw(NULL, __uuidof(IDXGISurface1),
reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pDXGISurface), &pointOffset);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
pDXGISurface->GetDC(FALSE, &hSurfaceDC);
}
hr = hSurfaceDC ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hBitmapDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hSurfaceDC);
if (hBitmapDC != NULL)
{
hBitmapOld = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hBitmapDC, hBitmap);
BitBlt(hSurfaceDC, pointOffset.x, pointOffset.y,
bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight, hBitmapDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
if (hBitmapOld)
{
SelectObject(hBitmapDC, hBitmapOld);
}
DeleteDC(hBitmapDC);
}
pDXGISurface->ReleaseDC(NULL);
}
(*ppSurface)->EndDraw();
SafeRelease(&pDXGISurface);
return hr;
}
Schritt 3: Festlegen des Stammvisuals
Legen Sie die horizontalen und vertikalen Offsets des Stammvisuals fest, und fügen Sie es dann der visuellen Struktur hinzu, indem Sie die IDCompositionTarget::SetRoot-Methode aufrufen.
float xPosRoot = 50.0;
float yPosRoot = 50.0;
// Set the horizontal and vertical position of the root visual.
pVisuals[0]->SetOffsetX(xPosRoot);
pVisuals[0]->SetOffsetY(yPosRoot);
// Set the root visual of the visual tree.
hr = m_pCompTarget->SetRoot(pVisuals[0]);
Schritt 4: Hinzufügen der untergeordneten Visuals und Commit für die Komposition
Verwenden Sie Methoden, die von der IDCompositionVisual-Schnittstelle jedes untergeordneten Visuals verfügbar gemacht werden, um den Bitmapinhalt und andere Eigenschaften festzulegen, und verwenden Sie dann die IDCompositionVisual::AddVisual-Methode des Stammvisuals, um die untergeordneten Visuals dem Stamm der visuellen Struktur hinzuzufügen. Rufen Sie IDCompositionDevice::Commit auf, um den Befehlsbatch zur Verarbeitung in DirectComposition zu committen. Die resultierende Komposition wird im Zielfenster angezeigt.
float xPosChild = 20.0f;
float yPosChild = 20.0f;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the positions of the child visuals and add them to the visual tree.
for (int i = 1; i < NUM_VISUALS; i++)
{
pVisuals[i]->SetOffsetX(xPosChild);
pVisuals[i]->SetOffsetY(
static_cast<float>((yPosChild * i) + (CHILD_BITMAP_HEIGHT * (i - 1))));
// Add the child visuals as children of the root visual.
pVisuals[0]->AddVisual(pVisuals[i], TRUE, nullptr);
}
}
// Commit the visual to be composed and displayed.
hr = m_pDevice->Commit();
Schritt 5: Freigeben der DirectComposition-Objekte
Geben Sie die visuellen Objekte frei, sobald Sie sie nicht mehr benötigen. Mit diesem nächsten Codebit wird das anwendungsdefinierte SafeRelease-Makro aufgerufen, um die visuellen Objekte frei zu geben.
Cleanup:
// Free the visuals.
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_VISUALS; i++)
{
SafeRelease(&pVisuals[i]);
}
Denken Sie außerdem daran, das Gerät und die Kompositionszielobjekte frei zu geben, bevor Ihre Anwendung beendet wird.
SafeRelease(&m_pD3D11Device);
SafeRelease(&m_pDevice);
SafeRelease(&m_pCompTarget);
Vollständiges Beispiel
// THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
// ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
// THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A
// PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved
#pragma once
// Modify the following definitions if you need to target a platform prior to the ones specified below.
#ifndef WINVER // Allow use of features specific to Windows 7 or later.
#define WINVER 0x0700 // Change this to the appropriate value to target other versions of Windows.
#endif
#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT // Allow use of features specific to Windows 7 or later.
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0700 // Change this to the appropriate value to target other versions of Windows.
#endif
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // Exclude rarely-used items from Windows headers
// Windows Header Files:
#include <windows.h>
// C RunTime Header Files
#include <math.h>
#include <dcomp.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
/******************************************************************
* *
* Macros *
* *
******************************************************************/
template<class Interface>
inline void
SafeRelease(
Interface **ppInterfaceToRelease
)
{
if (*ppInterfaceToRelease != NULL)
{
(*ppInterfaceToRelease)->Release();
(*ppInterfaceToRelease) = NULL;
}
}
#ifndef Assert
#if defined( DEBUG ) || defined( _DEBUG )
#define Assert(b) if (!(b)) {OutputDebugStringA("Assert: " #b "\n");}
#else
#define Assert(b)
#endif //DEBUG || _DEBUG
#endif
#ifndef HINST_THISCOMPONENT
EXTERN_C IMAGE_DOS_HEADER __ImageBase;
#define HINST_THISCOMPONENT ((HINSTANCE)&__ImageBase)
#endif
// Application-defined constants
#define NUM_VISUALS 4 // number of visuals in the composition
#define CHILD_BITMAP_HEIGHT 96 // height, in pixels, of a child visual
#define NUM_BITMAPS 4 // number of bitmaps in the composition
/******************************************************************
* *
* DemoApp *
* *
******************************************************************/
class DemoApp
{
public:
DemoApp();
~DemoApp();
HRESULT Initialize();
void RunMessageLoop();
private:
HRESULT InitializeDirectCompositionDevice();
HRESULT CreateResources();
void DiscardResources();
HRESULT OnClientClick();
HRESULT DemoApp::LoadResourceGDIBitmap(
PCWSTR resourceName,
HBITMAP &hbmp
);
HRESULT DemoApp::MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(HBITMAP hBitmap, IDCompositionSurface **ppSurface);
static LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
HWND hWnd,
UINT message,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam
);
private:
HWND m_hwnd;
HBITMAP m_hBitmaps[NUM_VISUALS];
ID3D11Device *m_pD3D11Device;
IDCompositionDevice *m_pDevice;
IDCompositionTarget *m_pCompTarget;
};
// THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
// ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
// THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A
// PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved
// Instructions: Right-click in the client area to cause DirectCompostion
// to create a simple composition consisting a root visual and three child
// visuals. The root visual provides the background bitmap for the
// composition, and the three child visuals provide bitmaps that are
// composed on top of the root. All bitmaps are GDI.
#include "SimpleVisualTree.h"
/******************************************************************
* *
* The application entry point. *
* *
******************************************************************/
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE /* hInstance */,
HINSTANCE /* hPrevInstance */,
LPSTR /* lpCmdLine */,
int /* nCmdShow */
)
{
// Ignore the return value because we want to run the program even in the
// unlikely event that HeapSetInformation fails.
HeapSetInformation(NULL, HeapEnableTerminationOnCorruption, NULL, 0);
if (SUCCEEDED(CoInitialize(NULL)))
{
{
DemoApp app;
if (SUCCEEDED(app.Initialize()))
{
app.RunMessageLoop();
}
}
CoUninitialize();
}
return 0;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* DemoApp::DemoApp constructor *
* *
* Initialize member data. *
* *
******************************************************************/
DemoApp::DemoApp() :
m_hwnd(NULL),
m_hBitmaps(),
m_pD3D11Device(nullptr),
m_pDevice(nullptr),
m_pCompTarget(nullptr)
{
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* Release resources. *
* *
******************************************************************/
DemoApp::~DemoApp()
{
SafeRelease(&m_pD3D11Device);
SafeRelease(&m_pDevice);
SafeRelease(&m_pCompTarget);
}
/*******************************************************************
* *
* Create the application window. *
* *
*******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::Initialize()
{
HRESULT hr;
// Register the window class.
WNDCLASSEX wcex = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX) };
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = DemoApp::WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = sizeof(LONG_PTR);
wcex.hInstance = HINST_THISCOMPONENT;
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);;
wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.lpszClassName = L"DirectCompDemoApp";
RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
// Create the application window.
//
// Because the CreateWindow function takes its size in pixels, we
// obtain the system DPI and use it to scale the window size.
int dpiX = 0;
int dpiY = 0;
HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL);
if (hdc)
{
dpiX = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSX);
dpiY = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELSY);
ReleaseDC(NULL, hdc);
}
m_hwnd = CreateWindow(
L"DirectCompDemoApp",
L"DirectComposition Demo Application",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
static_cast<UINT>(ceil(640.f * dpiX / 96.f)),
static_cast<UINT>(ceil(480.f * dpiY / 96.f)),
NULL,
NULL,
HINST_THISCOMPONENT,
this
);
hr = m_hwnd ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
ShowWindow(m_hwnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
UpdateWindow(m_hwnd);
// Initialize DirectComposition resources, such as the
// device object and composition target object.
hr = InitializeDirectCompositionDevice();
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = CreateResources();
}
return hr;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* This method creates the DirectComposition device object and *
* and the composition target object. These objects endure for *
* the lifetime of the application. *
* *
******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::InitializeDirectCompositionDevice()
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevelSupported;
IDXGIDevice *pDXGIDevice = nullptr;
// Create the D3D device object.
D3D11CreateDevice(
nullptr,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
NULL,
D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT,
NULL,
0,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&m_pD3D11Device,
&featureLevelSupported,
NULL);
hr = (m_pD3D11Device == nullptr) ? E_UNEXPECTED : S_OK;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the DXGI device used to create bitmap surfaces.
hr = m_pD3D11Device->QueryInterface(&pDXGIDevice);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the DirectComposition device object.
hr = DCompositionCreateDevice(pDXGIDevice, __uuidof(IDCompositionDevice),
reinterpret_cast<void **>(&m_pDevice));
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Create the composition target object.
hr = m_pDevice->CreateTargetForHwnd(m_hwnd, TRUE, &m_pCompTarget);
}
SafeRelease(&pDXGIDevice);
return hr;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* This method creates the GDI bitmaps to be associated with *
* DirectComposition visual objects. *
* *
******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::CreateResources()
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
hr = LoadResourceGDIBitmap(L"Background", m_hBitmaps[0]);
hr = LoadResourceGDIBitmap(L"BlkKnight", m_hBitmaps[1]);
hr = LoadResourceGDIBitmap(L"BlkQueen", m_hBitmaps[2]);
hr = LoadResourceGDIBitmap(L"BlkRook", m_hBitmaps[3]);
return hr;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* Discard device-specific resources. *
* *
******************************************************************/
void DemoApp::DiscardResources()
{
int i = 0;
while (i < NUM_VISUALS)
{
DeleteObject(m_hBitmaps[i++]);
}
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* The main window's message loop. *
* *
******************************************************************/
void DemoApp::RunMessageLoop()
{
MSG msg;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* Called whenever the user clicks the client area of the main *
* window. This method builds a simple visual tree consisting of *
* a root visual and three child visuals. *
******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::OnClientClick()
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
IDCompositionVisual *pVisuals[NUM_VISUALS] = { };
IDCompositionSurface *pSurface = nullptr;
// Create a visual objects and set their content.
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_VISUALS; i++)
{
hr = m_pDevice->CreateVisual(&pVisuals[i]);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// This application-defined function creates a DirectComposition
// surface and renders a GDI bitmap onto the surface.
hr = MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(m_hBitmaps[i], &pSurface);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the bitmap content.
hr = pVisuals[i]->SetContent(pSurface);
}
SafeRelease(&pSurface);
}
if (FAILED(hr))
{
goto Cleanup;
}
}
float xPosRoot = 50.0;
float yPosRoot = 50.0;
// Set the horizontal and vertical position of the root visual.
pVisuals[0]->SetOffsetX(xPosRoot);
pVisuals[0]->SetOffsetY(yPosRoot);
// Set the root visual of the visual tree.
hr = m_pCompTarget->SetRoot(pVisuals[0]);
float xPosChild = 20.0f;
float yPosChild = 20.0f;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Set the positions of the child visuals and add them to the visual tree.
for (int i = 1; i < NUM_VISUALS; i++)
{
pVisuals[i]->SetOffsetX(xPosChild);
pVisuals[i]->SetOffsetY(
static_cast<float>((yPosChild * i) + (CHILD_BITMAP_HEIGHT * (i - 1))));
// Add the child visuals as children of the root visual.
pVisuals[0]->AddVisual(pVisuals[i], TRUE, nullptr);
}
}
// Commit the visual to be composed and displayed.
hr = m_pDevice->Commit();
Cleanup:
// Free the visuals.
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_VISUALS; i++)
{
SafeRelease(&pVisuals[i]);
}
return hr;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* The window's message handler. *
* *
******************************************************************/
LRESULT CALLBACK DemoApp::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
LRESULT result = 0;
if (message == WM_CREATE)
{
LPCREATESTRUCT pcs = (LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam;
DemoApp *pDemoApp = (DemoApp *)pcs->lpCreateParams;
::SetWindowLongPtrW(
hwnd,
GWLP_USERDATA,
PtrToUlong(pDemoApp)
);
result = 1;
}
else
{
DemoApp *pDemoApp = reinterpret_cast<DemoApp *>(static_cast<LONG_PTR>(
::GetWindowLongPtrW(
hwnd,
GWLP_USERDATA
)));
bool wasHandled = false;
if (pDemoApp)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
{
pDemoApp->OnClientClick();
}
case WM_DISPLAYCHANGE:
{
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, FALSE);
}
wasHandled = true;
result = 0;
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
{
PostQuitMessage(0);
pDemoApp->DiscardResources();
}
wasHandled = true;
result = 1;
break;
}
}
if (!wasHandled)
{
result = DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
}
return result;
}
/******************************************************************
* *
* This method loads the specified GDI bitmap from the *
* application resources, creates a new bitmap that is in a *
* format that DirectComposition can use, and copies the contents *
* of the original bitmap to the new bitmap. *
* *
******************************************************************/
HRESULT DemoApp::LoadResourceGDIBitmap(PCWSTR resourceName, HBITMAP &hbmp)
{
// Load the bitmap from the application resources.
hbmp = static_cast<HBITMAP>(LoadImageW(HINST_THISCOMPONENT, resourceName,
IMAGE_BITMAP, 0, 0, LR_DEFAULTCOLOR));
return hbmp ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
}
// MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface - Creates a DirectComposition surface and
// copies the bitmap to the surface.
//
// Parameters:
// hBitmap - a GDI bitmap.
// ppSurface - the composition surface object.
//
HRESULT DemoApp::MyCreateGDIRenderedDCompSurface(HBITMAP hBitmap, IDCompositionSurface **ppSurface)
{
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
int bitmapWidth = 0;
int bitmapHeight = 0;
int bmpSize = 0;
BITMAP bmp = { };
HBITMAP hBitmapOld = NULL;
HDC hSurfaceDC = NULL;
HDC hBitmapDC = NULL;
IDXGISurface1 *pDXGISurface = nullptr;
POINT pointOffset = { };
hr = hBitmap ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Get information about the bitmap.
bmpSize = GetObject(hBitmap, sizeof(BITMAP), &bmp);
}
hr = bmpSize ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
// Save the bitmap dimensions.
bitmapWidth = bmp.bmWidth;
bitmapHeight = bmp.bmHeight;
// Create a DirectComposition-compatible surface that is the same size
// as the bitmap.
hr = m_pDevice->CreateSurface(bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight,
DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, DXGI_ALPHA_MODE_IGNORE, ppSurface);
}
hr = ppSurface ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hr = (*ppSurface)->BeginDraw(NULL, __uuidof(IDXGISurface1),
reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pDXGISurface), &pointOffset);
}
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
pDXGISurface->GetDC(FALSE, &hSurfaceDC);
}
hr = hSurfaceDC ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
hBitmapDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hSurfaceDC);
if (hBitmapDC != NULL)
{
hBitmapOld = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hBitmapDC, hBitmap);
BitBlt(hSurfaceDC, pointOffset.x, pointOffset.y,
bitmapWidth, bitmapHeight, hBitmapDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
if (hBitmapOld)
{
SelectObject(hBitmapDC, hBitmapOld);
}
DeleteDC(hBitmapDC);
}
pDXGISurface->ReleaseDC(NULL);
}
(*ppSurface)->EndDraw();
SafeRelease(&pDXGISurface);
return hr;
}