SslStream クラス

定義

public ref class SslStream : System::Net::Security::AuthenticatedStream

public class SslStream : System.Net.Security.AuthenticatedStream

type SslStream = class
    inherit AuthenticatedStream

Public Class SslStream
Inherits AuthenticatedStream

継承

Object

Stream

AuthenticatedStream

SslStream

継承

Object

MarshalByRefObject

Stream

AuthenticatedStream

SslStream

例

次のコード例では、SslStream クラスを使用してクライアントと通信する TcpListener を作成する方法を示します。

#using <System.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Net;
using namespace System::Net::Sockets;
using namespace System::Net::Security;
using namespace System::Security::Authentication;
using namespace System::Text;
using namespace System::Security::Cryptography::X509Certificates;
using namespace System::IO;
public ref class SslTcpServer sealed
{
private:
   static X509Certificate^ serverCertificate = nullptr;

public:

   // The certificate parameter specifies the name of the file 
   // containing the machine certificate.
   static void RunServer( String^ certificate )
   {
      serverCertificate = X509Certificate::CreateFromCertFile( certificate );
      
      // Create a TCP/IP (IPv4) socket and listen for incoming connections.
      TcpListener^ listener = gcnew TcpListener( IPAddress::Any,5000 );
      listener->Start();
      
      while (true) 
      {
         Console::WriteLine( L"Waiting for a client to connect..." );
         
         // Application blocks while waiting for an incoming connection.
         // Type CNTL-C to terminate the server.
         TcpClient^ client = listener->AcceptTcpClient();
         ProcessClient( client );

      }
   }


   static void ProcessClient( TcpClient^ client )
   {
      
      // A client has connected. Create the 
      // SslStream using the client's network stream.
      SslStream^ sslStream = gcnew SslStream( client->GetStream(),false );
      
      // Authenticate the server but don't require the client to authenticate.
      try
      {
         sslStream->AuthenticateAsServer( serverCertificate, false, true );
         // false == no client cert required; true == check cert revocation.
         
         // Display the properties and settings for the authenticated stream.
         DisplaySecurityLevel( sslStream );
         DisplaySecurityServices( sslStream );
         DisplayCertificateInformation( sslStream );
         DisplayStreamProperties( sslStream );
         
         // Set timeouts for the read and write to 5 seconds.
         sslStream->ReadTimeout = 5000;
         sslStream->WriteTimeout = 5000;
         
         // Read a message from the client.   
         Console::WriteLine( L"Waiting for client message..." );
         String^ messageData = ReadMessage( sslStream );
         Console::WriteLine( L"Received: {0}", messageData );
         
         // Write a message to the client.
         array<Byte>^message = Encoding::UTF8->GetBytes( L"Hello from the server.<EOF>" );
         Console::WriteLine( L"Sending hello message." );
         sslStream->Write( message );
      }
      catch ( AuthenticationException^ e ) 
      {
         Console::WriteLine( L"Exception: {0}", e->Message );
         if ( e->InnerException != nullptr )
         {
            Console::WriteLine( L"Inner exception: {0}", e->InnerException->Message );
         }
         Console::WriteLine( L"Authentication failed - closing the connection." );
         sslStream->Close();
         client->Close();
         return;
      }
      finally
      {
         
         // The client stream will be closed with the sslStream
         // because we specified this behavior when creating
         // the sslStream.
         sslStream->Close();
         client->Close();
      }

   }


   static String^ ReadMessage( SslStream^ sslStream )
   {
      
      // Read the  message sent by the client.
      // The client signals the end of the message using the
      // "<EOF>" marker.
      array<Byte>^buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(2048);
      StringBuilder^ messageData = gcnew StringBuilder;
      int bytes = -1;
      do
      {
         
         // Read the client's test message.
         bytes = sslStream->Read( buffer, 0, buffer->Length );
         
         // Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8
         // in case a character spans two buffers.
         Decoder^ decoder = Encoding::UTF8->GetDecoder();
         array<Char>^chars = gcnew array<Char>(decoder->GetCharCount( buffer, 0, bytes ));
         decoder->GetChars( buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0 );
         messageData->Append( chars );
         
         // Check for EOF or an empty message.
         if ( messageData->ToString()->IndexOf( L"<EOF>" ) != -1 )
         {
            break;
         }
      }
      while ( bytes != 0 );

      return messageData->ToString();
   }


   static void DisplaySecurityLevel( SslStream^ stream )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( L"Cipher: {0} strength {1}", stream->CipherAlgorithm, stream->CipherStrength );
      Console::WriteLine( L"Hash: {0} strength {1}", stream->HashAlgorithm, stream->HashStrength );
      Console::WriteLine( L"Key exchange: {0} strength {1}", stream->KeyExchangeAlgorithm, stream->KeyExchangeStrength );
      Console::WriteLine( L"Protocol: {0}", stream->SslProtocol );
   }


   static void DisplaySecurityServices( SslStream^ stream )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( L"Is authenticated: {0} as server? {1}", stream->IsAuthenticated, stream->IsServer );
      Console::WriteLine( L"IsSigned: {0}", stream->IsSigned );
      Console::WriteLine( L"Is Encrypted: {0}", stream->IsEncrypted );
      Console::WriteLine( L"Is mutually authenticated: {0}", stream->IsMutuallyAuthenticated );
   }


   static void DisplayStreamProperties( SslStream^ stream )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( L"Can read: {0}, write {1}", stream->CanRead, stream->CanWrite );
      Console::WriteLine( L"Can timeout: {0}", stream->CanTimeout );
   }


   static void DisplayCertificateInformation( SslStream^ stream )
   {
      Console::WriteLine( L"Certificate revocation list checked: {0}", stream->CheckCertRevocationStatus );
      X509Certificate^ localCertificate = stream->LocalCertificate;
      if ( stream->LocalCertificate != nullptr )
      {
         Console::WriteLine( L"Local cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.", 
             localCertificate->Subject, 
             localCertificate->GetEffectiveDateString(), 
             localCertificate->GetExpirationDateString() );
      }
      else
      {
         Console::WriteLine( L"Local certificate is null." );
      }

      X509Certificate^ remoteCertificate = stream->RemoteCertificate;
      if ( stream->RemoteCertificate != nullptr )
      {
         Console::WriteLine( L"Remote cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.", 
            remoteCertificate->Subject, 
            remoteCertificate->GetEffectiveDateString(), 
            remoteCertificate->GetExpirationDateString() );
      }
      else
      {
         Console::WriteLine( L"Remote certificate is null." );
      }
   }


private:

   static void DisplayUsage()
   {
      Console::WriteLine( L"To start the server specify:" );
      Console::WriteLine( L"serverSync certificateFile.cer" );
      Environment::Exit( 1 );
   }

public:
   int RunServerASync()
   {
      array<String^>^args = Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();
      String^ certificate = nullptr;
      if ( args == nullptr || args->Length < 2 )
      {
         DisplayUsage();
      }

      certificate = args[ 1 ];
      SslTcpServer::RunServer( certificate );
      return 0;
   }

};

int main(){
    SslTcpServer^ sts = gcnew SslTcpServer();
    sts->RunServerASync();
}

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Security.Authentication;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.IO;

namespace Examples.System.Net
{
    public sealed class SslTcpServer
    {
        static X509Certificate serverCertificate = null;
        // The certificate parameter specifies the name of the file
        // containing the machine certificate.
        public static void RunServer(string certificate)
        {
            serverCertificate = X509Certificate.CreateFromCertFile(certificate);
            // Create a TCP/IP (IPv4) socket and listen for incoming connections.
            TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 5000);
            listener.Start();
            while (true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a client to connect...");
                // Application blocks while waiting for an incoming connection.
                // Type CNTL-C to terminate the server.
                TcpClient client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();
                ProcessClient(client);
            }
        }
        static void ProcessClient (TcpClient client)
        {
            // A client has connected. Create the
            // SslStream using the client's network stream.
            SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(
                client.GetStream(), false);
            // Authenticate the server but don't require the client to authenticate.
            try
            {
                sslStream.AuthenticateAsServer(serverCertificate, clientCertificateRequired: false, checkCertificateRevocation: true);

                // Display the properties and settings for the authenticated stream.
                DisplaySecurityLevel(sslStream);
                DisplaySecurityServices(sslStream);
                DisplayCertificateInformation(sslStream);
                DisplayStreamProperties(sslStream);

                // Set timeouts for the read and write to 5 seconds.
                sslStream.ReadTimeout = 5000;
                sslStream.WriteTimeout = 5000;
                // Read a message from the client.
                Console.WriteLine("Waiting for client message...");
                string messageData = ReadMessage(sslStream);
                Console.WriteLine("Received: {0}", messageData);

                // Write a message to the client.
                byte[] message = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the server.<EOF>");
                Console.WriteLine("Sending hello message.");
                sslStream.Write(message);
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message);
                if (e.InnerException != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message);
                }
                Console.WriteLine ("Authentication failed - closing the connection.");
                sslStream.Close();
                client.Close();
                return;
            }
            finally
            {
                // The client stream will be closed with the sslStream
                // because we specified this behavior when creating
                // the sslStream.
                sslStream.Close();
                client.Close();
            }
        }
        static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)
        {
            // Read the  message sent by the client.
            // The client signals the end of the message using the
            // "<EOF>" marker.
            byte [] buffer = new byte[2048];
            StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder();
            int bytes = -1;
            do
            {
                // Read the client's test message.
                bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

                // Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8
                // in case a character spans two buffers.
                Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();
                char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer,0,bytes)];
                decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars,0);
                messageData.Append (chars);
                // Check for EOF or an empty message.
                if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("<EOF>") != -1)
                {
                    break;
                }
            } while (bytes !=0);

            return messageData.ToString();
        }
         static void DisplaySecurityLevel(SslStream stream)
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Cipher: {0} strength {1}", stream.CipherAlgorithm, stream.CipherStrength);
            Console.WriteLine("Hash: {0} strength {1}", stream.HashAlgorithm, stream.HashStrength);
            Console.WriteLine("Key exchange: {0} strength {1}", stream.KeyExchangeAlgorithm, stream.KeyExchangeStrength);
            Console.WriteLine("Protocol: {0}", stream.SslProtocol);
         }
         static void DisplaySecurityServices(SslStream stream)
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Is authenticated: {0} as server? {1}", stream.IsAuthenticated, stream.IsServer);
            Console.WriteLine("IsSigned: {0}", stream.IsSigned);
            Console.WriteLine("Is Encrypted: {0}", stream.IsEncrypted);
            Console.WriteLine("Is mutually authenticated: {0}", stream.IsMutuallyAuthenticated);
         }
         static void DisplayStreamProperties(SslStream stream)
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Can read: {0}, write {1}", stream.CanRead, stream.CanWrite);
            Console.WriteLine("Can timeout: {0}", stream.CanTimeout);
         }
        static void DisplayCertificateInformation(SslStream stream)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Certificate revocation list checked: {0}", stream.CheckCertRevocationStatus);

            X509Certificate localCertificate = stream.LocalCertificate;
            if (stream.LocalCertificate != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Local cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.",
                    localCertificate.Subject,
                    localCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(),
                    localCertificate.GetExpirationDateString());
             } else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Local certificate is null.");
            }
            // Display the properties of the client's certificate.
            X509Certificate remoteCertificate = stream.RemoteCertificate;
            if (stream.RemoteCertificate != null)
            {
            Console.WriteLine("Remote cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.",
                remoteCertificate.Subject,
                remoteCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(),
                remoteCertificate.GetExpirationDateString());
            } else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Remote certificate is null.");
            }
        }
        private static void DisplayUsage()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("To start the server specify:");
            Console.WriteLine("serverSync certificateFile.cer");
            Environment.Exit(1);
        }
        public static int Main(string[] args)
        {
            string certificate = null;
            if (args == null ||args.Length < 1 )
            {
                DisplayUsage();
            }
            certificate = args[0];
            SslTcpServer.RunServer (certificate);
            return 0;
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Net
Imports System.Net.Sockets
Imports System.Net.Security
Imports System.Security.Authentication
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates
Imports System.IO

Namespace Examples.System.Net
    Public NotInheritable Class SslTcpServer
        Shared serverCertificate As X509Certificate = Nothing

        ' The certificate parameter specifies the name of the file 
        ' containing the machine certificate.
        Public Shared Sub RunServer(certificate As String)
            serverCertificate = X509Certificate.CreateFromCertFile(certificate)
            ' Create a TCP/IP (IPv4) socket And listen for incoming connections.
            Dim listener = New TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 5000)
            listener.Start()

            While True
                Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a client to connect...")
                ' Application blocks while waiting for an incoming connection.
                ' Type CNTL-C to terminate the server.
                Dim client As TcpClient = listener.AcceptTcpClient()
                ProcessClient(client)
            End While
        End Sub
        Private Shared Sub ProcessClient(client As TcpClient)
            ' A client has connected. Create the 
            ' SslStream using the client's network stream.
            Dim sslStream = New SslStream(client.GetStream(), False)

            Try

                sslStream.AuthenticateAsServer(serverCertificate, clientCertificateRequired:=False, checkCertificateRevocation:=True)
                ' Display the properties And settings for the authenticated stream.
                DisplaySecurityLevel(sslStream)
                DisplaySecurityServices(sslStream)
                DisplayCertificateInformation(sslStream)
                DisplayStreamProperties(sslStream)

                ' Set timeouts for the read and write to 5 seconds.
                sslStream.ReadTimeout = 5000
                sslStream.WriteTimeout = 5000

                ' Read a message from the client.   
                Console.WriteLine("Waiting for client message...")
                Dim messageData As String = ReadMessage(sslStream)
                Console.WriteLine("Received: {0}", messageData)

                ' Write a message to the client.
                Dim message As Byte() = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the server.<EOF>")
                Console.WriteLine("Sending hello message.")
                sslStream.Write(message)
            Catch e As AuthenticationException
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message)

                If e.InnerException IsNot Nothing Then
                    Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message)
                End If

                Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection.")
                sslStream.Close()
                client.Close()
                Return
            Finally
                ' The client stream will be closed with the sslStream
                ' because we specified this behavior when creating
                ' the sslStream.
                sslStream.Close()
                client.Close()
            End Try
        End Sub

        Private Shared Function ReadMessage(sslStream As SslStream) As String

            ' Read the  message sent by the client.
            ' The client signals the end of the message using the
            ' "<EOF>" marker.
            Dim buffer As Byte() = New Byte(2048) {}
            Dim messageData As StringBuilder = New StringBuilder()
            Dim bytes As Integer = -1

            Do
                ' Read the client's test message.
                bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)

                ' Use decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8
                ' in case a character spans two buffers.
                Dim decoder As Decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder()
                Dim chars As Char() = New Char(decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes) - 1) {}
                decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0)
                messageData.Append(chars)

                ' Check for EOF or an empty message.
                If messageData.ToString().IndexOf("<EOF>") <> -1 Then
                    Exit Do
                End If
            Loop While bytes <> 0

            Return messageData.ToString()
        End Function

        Private Shared Sub DisplaySecurityLevel(stream As SslStream)
            Console.WriteLine("Cipher: {0} strength {1}", stream.CipherAlgorithm, stream.CipherStrength)
            Console.WriteLine("Hash: {0} strength {1}", stream.HashAlgorithm, stream.HashStrength)
            Console.WriteLine("Key exchange: {0} strength {1}", stream.KeyExchangeAlgorithm, stream.KeyExchangeStrength)
            Console.WriteLine("Protocol: {0}", stream.SslProtocol)
        End Sub

        Private Shared Sub DisplaySecurityServices(stream As SslStream)
            Console.WriteLine("Is authenticated: {0} as server? {1}", stream.IsAuthenticated, stream.IsServer)
            Console.WriteLine("IsSigned: {0}", stream.IsSigned)
            Console.WriteLine("Is Encrypted: {0}", stream.IsEncrypted)
            Console.WriteLine("Is mutually authenticated: {0}", stream.IsMutuallyAuthenticated)
        End Sub

        Private Shared Sub DisplayStreamProperties(stream As SslStream)
            Console.WriteLine("Can read: {0}, write {1}", stream.CanRead, stream.CanWrite)
            Console.WriteLine("Can timeout: {0}", stream.CanTimeout)
        End Sub

        Private Shared Sub DisplayCertificateInformation(stream As SslStream)
            Console.WriteLine("Certificate revocation list checked: {0}", stream.CheckCertRevocationStatus)
            Dim localCertificate As X509Certificate = stream.LocalCertificate

            If stream.LocalCertificate IsNot Nothing Then
                Console.WriteLine("Local cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.", localCertificate.Subject, localCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(), localCertificate.GetExpirationDateString())
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("Local certificate is null.")
            End If

            ' Display the properties of the client's certificate.
            Dim remoteCertificate As X509Certificate = stream.RemoteCertificate

            If stream.RemoteCertificate IsNot Nothing Then
                Console.WriteLine("Remote cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.", remoteCertificate.Subject, remoteCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(), remoteCertificate.GetExpirationDateString())
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("Remote certificate is null.")
            End If
        End Sub

        Private Shared Sub DisplayUsage()
            Console.WriteLine("To start the server specify:")
            Console.WriteLine("serverSync certificateFile.cer")
            Environment.[Exit](1)
        End Sub

        Public Shared Function Main(ByVal args As String()) As Integer
            Dim certificate As String

            If args Is Nothing OrElse args.Length < 1 Then
                DisplayUsage()
            End If

            certificate = args(0)
            RunServer(certificate)
            Return 0
        End Function
    End Class
End Namespace

次のコード例では、SslStream クラスを使用してサーバーと通信する TcpClient を作成する方法を示します。

#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Security.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Globalization;
using namespace System::Net;
using namespace System::Net::Security;
using namespace System::Net::Sockets;
using namespace System::Security::Authentication;
using namespace System::Text;
using namespace System::Security::Cryptography::X509Certificates;
using namespace System::IO;

namespace NlsClientSync
{
    public ref class SslTcpClient
    {
    private:
        static Hashtable^ certificateErrors = gcnew Hashtable;
        // Load a table of errors that might cause 
        // the certificate authentication to fail.
        static void InitializeCertificateErrors()
        {
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0101,
                "The certification has expired.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0104,
                "A path length constraint "
                "in the certification chain has been violated.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0105,
                "A certificate contains an unknown extension "
                "that is marked critical.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0107,
                "A parent of a given certificate in fact "
                "did not issue that child certificate.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0108,
                "A certificate is missing or has an empty value "
                "for a necessary field.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0109,
                "The certificate root is not trusted.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B010C,
                "The certificate has been revoked.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B010F,
                "The name in the certificate does not not match "
                "the host name requested by the client.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0111,
                "The certificate was explicitly marked "
                "as untrusted by the user.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0112,
                "A certification chain processed correctly, "
                "but one of the CA certificates is not trusted.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0113,
                "The certificate has an invalid policy.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x800B0114,
                "The certificate name is either not "
                "in the permitted list or is explicitly excluded.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x80092012,
                "The revocation function was unable to check "
                "revocation for the certificate.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x80090327,
                "An unknown error occurred while "
                "processing the certificate.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x80096001,
                "A system-level error occurred "
                "while verifying trust.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x80096002,
                "The certificate for the signer of the message "
                "is invalid or not found.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x80096003,
                "One of the counter signatures was invalid.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x80096004,
                "The signature of the certificate "
                "cannot be verified.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x80096005,
                "The time stamp signature or certificate "
                "could not be verified or is malformed.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x80096010,
                "The digital signature of the object "
                "was not verified.");
            certificateErrors->Add(0x80096019,
                "The basic constraint extension of a certificate "
                "has not been observed.");
        }

        static String^ CertificateErrorDescription(UInt32 problem)
        {
            // Initialize the error message dictionary 
            // if it is not yet available.
            if (certificateErrors->Count == 0)
            {
                InitializeCertificateErrors();
            }

            String^ description = safe_cast<String^>(
                certificateErrors[problem]);
            if (description == nullptr)
            {
                description = String::Format(
                    CultureInfo::CurrentCulture,
                    "Unknown certificate error - 0x{0:x8}",
                    problem);
            }

            return description;
        }

    public:
        // The following method is invoked 
        // by the CertificateValidationDelegate.
    static bool ValidateServerCertificate(
            Object^ sender,
            X509Certificate^ certificate,
            X509Chain^ chain,
            SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)
        {
        
            Console::WriteLine("Validating the server certificate.");
            if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors::None)
                return true;

            Console::WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors);

            // Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.
            return false;
        }

        static void RunClient(String^ machineName, String^ serverName)
        {
              
            // Create a TCP/IP client socket.
            // machineName is the host running the server application.
            TcpClient^ client = gcnew TcpClient(machineName, 5000);
            Console::WriteLine("Client connected.");
              
            // Create an SSL stream that will close 
            // the client's stream.
            SslStream^ sslStream = gcnew SslStream(
                client->GetStream(), false,
                gcnew RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(ValidateServerCertificate),
                nullptr);
              
            // The server name must match the name
            // on the server certificate.
            try
            {
                sslStream->AuthenticateAsClient(serverName);
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException^ ex) 
            {
                Console::WriteLine("Exception: {0}", ex->Message);
                if (ex->InnerException != nullptr)
                {
                    Console::WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", 
                        ex->InnerException->Message);
                }

                Console::WriteLine("Authentication failed - "
                    "closing the connection.");
                sslStream->Close();
                client->Close();
                return;
            }
            // Encode a test message into a byte array.
            // Signal the end of the message using the "<EOF>".
            array<Byte>^ messsage = Encoding::UTF8->GetBytes(
                "Hello from the client.<EOF>");
              
            // Send hello message to the server.
            sslStream->Write(messsage);
            sslStream->Flush();
            // Read message from the server.
            String^ serverMessage = ReadMessage(sslStream);
            Console::WriteLine("Server says: {0}", serverMessage);
           
            // Close the client connection.
            sslStream->Close();
            client->Close();
            Console::WriteLine("Client closed.");
        }
    private:
        static String^ ReadMessage(SslStream^ sslStream)
        {
              
            // Read the  message sent by the server.
            // The end of the message is signaled using the
            // "<EOF>" marker.
            array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(2048);
            StringBuilder^ messageData = gcnew StringBuilder;
            // Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8
            // in case a character spans two buffers.
            Encoding^ u8 = Encoding::UTF8;
            Decoder^ decoder = u8->GetDecoder();

            int bytes = -1;
            do
            {
                bytes = sslStream->Read(buffer, 0, buffer->Length);
                 
                array<__wchar_t>^ chars = gcnew array<__wchar_t>(
                    decoder->GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes));
                decoder->GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0);
                messageData->Append(chars);
                 
                // Check for EOF.
                if (messageData->ToString()->IndexOf("<EOF>") != -1)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            while (bytes != 0);

            return messageData->ToString();
        }
    };
}

int main()
{
    array<String^>^ args = Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();
    String^ serverCertificateName = nullptr;
    String^ machineName = nullptr;
    if (args == nullptr || args->Length < 2)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("To start the client specify:");
        Console::WriteLine("clientSync machineName [serverName]");
        return 1;
    }
        
    // User can specify the machine name and server name.
    // Server name must match the name on 
    // the server's certificate.
    machineName = args[1];
    if (args->Length < 3)
    {
        serverCertificateName = machineName;
    }
    else
    {
        serverCertificateName = args[2];
    };

    NlsClientSync::SslTcpClient::RunClient(machineName,
        serverCertificateName);

    return 0;
}

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Security.Authentication;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.IO;

namespace Examples.System.Net
{
    public class SslTcpClient
    {
        private static Hashtable certificateErrors = new Hashtable();

        // The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate.
        public static bool ValidateServerCertificate(
              object sender,
              X509Certificate certificate,
              X509Chain chain,
              SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)
        {
           if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None)
                return true;

            Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors);

            // Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.
            return false;
        }
        public static void RunClient(string machineName, string serverName)
        {
            // Create a TCP/IP client socket.
            // machineName is the host running the server application.
            TcpClient client = new TcpClient(machineName,5000);
            Console.WriteLine("Client connected.");
            // Create an SSL stream that will close the client's stream.
            SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(
                client.GetStream(),
                false,
                new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback (ValidateServerCertificate),
                null
                );
            // The server name must match the name on the server certificate.
            try
            {
                sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient(serverName);
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message);
                if (e.InnerException != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message);
                }
                Console.WriteLine ("Authentication failed - closing the connection.");
                client.Close();
                return;
            }
            // Encode a test message into a byte array.
            // Signal the end of the message using the "<EOF>".
            byte[] messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the client.<EOF>");
            // Send hello message to the server.
            sslStream.Write(messsage);
            sslStream.Flush();
            // Read message from the server.
            string serverMessage = ReadMessage(sslStream);
            Console.WriteLine("Server says: {0}", serverMessage);
            // Close the client connection.
            client.Close();
            Console.WriteLine("Client closed.");
        }
        static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)
        {
            // Read the  message sent by the server.
            // The end of the message is signaled using the
            // "<EOF>" marker.
            byte [] buffer = new byte[2048];
            StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder();
            int bytes = -1;
            do
            {
                bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

                // Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8
                // in case a character spans two buffers.
                Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();
                char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer,0,bytes)];
                decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars,0);
                messageData.Append (chars);
                // Check for EOF.
                if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("<EOF>") != -1)
                {
                    break;
                }
            } while (bytes != 0);

            return messageData.ToString();
        }
        private static void DisplayUsage()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("To start the client specify:");
            Console.WriteLine("clientSync machineName [serverName]");
            Environment.Exit(1);
        }
        public static int Main(string[] args)
        {
            string serverCertificateName = null;
            string machineName = null;
            if (args == null ||args.Length <1 )
            {
                DisplayUsage();
            }
            // User can specify the machine name and server name.
            // Server name must match the name on the server's certificate.
            machineName = args[0];
            if (args.Length <2 )
            {
                serverCertificateName = machineName;
            }
            else
            {
                serverCertificateName = args[1];
            }
            SslTcpClient.RunClient (machineName, serverCertificateName);
            return 0;
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Net
Imports System.Net.Security
Imports System.Net.Sockets
Imports System.Security.Authentication
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates
Imports System.IO

Namespace Examples.System.Net

    Public Class SslTcpClient
        
        ' The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate.
        Public Shared Function ValidateServerCertificate(
            sender As Object, 
            certificate As X509Certificate, 
            chain As X509Chain, 
            sslPolicyErrors As SslPolicyErrors) As Boolean
            
            If sslPolicyErrors = SslPolicyErrors.None Then Return True

            Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors)

            ' Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.
            Return False
        End Function
        Public Shared Sub RunClient(machineName As String, serverName As String)

            ' Create a TCP/IP client socket.
            ' machineName is the host running the server application.
            Dim client = New TcpClient(machineName, 5000)
            Console.WriteLine("Client connected.")

            ' Create an SSL stream that will close the client's stream.
            Dim sslStream = New SslStream(
                client.GetStream(), False, 
                New RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(AddressOf ValidateServerCertificate), Nothing)

            ' The server name must match the name on the server certificate.
            Try
                sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient(serverName)
            Catch e As AuthenticationException
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message)

                If e.InnerException IsNot Nothing Then
                    Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message)
                End If

                Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection.")
                client.Close()
                Return
            End Try
            
            ' Encode a test message into a byte array.
            ' Signal the end of the message using the "<EOF>".
            Dim messsage As Byte() = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the client.<EOF>")
            
            ' Send hello message to the server.
            sslStream.Write(messsage)
            sslStream.Flush()
            ' Read message from the server.
            Dim serverMessage = ReadMessage(sslStream)
            Console.WriteLine("Server says: {0}", serverMessage)

            ' Close the client connection
            client.Close()
            Console.WriteLine("Client closed.")
        End Sub
        
        Private Shared Function ReadMessage(sslStream As SslStream) As String

            ' Read the  message sent by the server.
            ' The end of the message is signaled using the "<EOF>" marker.
            Dim buffer = New Byte(2048) {}
            Dim messageData = New StringBuilder()
            Dim bytes As Integer

            Do
                bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)

                ' Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8
                ' in case a character spans two buffers.        
                Dim decoder As Decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder()
                Dim chars = New Char(decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes) - 1) {}
                decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0)
                messageData.Append(chars)

                ' Check for EOF.
                If messageData.ToString().IndexOf("<EOF>") <> -1 Then Exit Do
                
            Loop While bytes <> 0

            Return messageData.ToString()

        End Function

        Private Shared Sub DisplayUsage()

            Console.WriteLine("To start the client specify:")
            Console.WriteLine("clientSync machineName [serverName]")
            Environment.[Exit](1)

        End Sub

        Public Shared Function Main(args As String()) As Integer

            Dim serverCertificateName As String
            Dim machineName As String

            If args Is Nothing OrElse args.Length < 1 Then
                DisplayUsage()
            End If

            ' User can specify the machine name and server name.
            ' Server name must match the name on the server's certificate. 
            machineName = args(0)

            If args.Length < 2 Then
                serverCertificateName = machineName
            Else
                serverCertificateName = args(1)
            End If

            SslTcpClient.RunClient(machineName, serverCertificateName)

            Return 0

        End Function

    End Class

End Namespace

注釈

SSL プロトコルは、SslStreamを使用して送信されるメッセージの機密性と整合性チェックを提供するのに役立ちます。 クライアントとサーバーの間で機密情報を通信する場合は、SslStreamによって提供される SSL 接続などを使用する必要があります。 SslStream を使用すると、ネットワーク上で転送中に情報の読み取りや改ざんを防止できます。

SslStream インスタンスは、SslStreamの作成時に指定したストリームを使用してデータを送信します。 この基になるストリームを指定すると、SslStream を閉じて基になるストリームも閉じるかどうかを指定できます。 通常、SslStream クラスは、TcpClient クラスと TcpListener クラスで使用されます。 GetStream メソッドは、SslStream クラスでの使用に適した NetworkStream を提供します。

SslStream、サーバー、および必要に応じて作成した後、クライアントを認証する必要があります。 サーバーは、ID の証明を確立し、クライアントにも要求できる X509 証明書を提供する必要があります。 認証は、SslStreamを使用して情報を送信する前に実行する必要があります。 クライアントは、認証が完了するまでブロックする同期 AuthenticateAsClient メソッド、または認証の完了を待機しない非同期 BeginAuthenticateAsClient メソッドを使用して認証を開始します。 サーバーは、同期 AuthenticateAsServer または非同期 BeginAuthenticateAsServer メソッドを使用して認証を開始します。 クライアントとサーバーの両方で認証を開始する必要があります。

認証は、セキュリティ サポート プロバイダー (SSPI) チャネル プロバイダーによって処理されます。 クライアントには、SslStreamの作成時に RemoteCertificateValidationCallback デリゲートを指定して、サーバーの証明書の検証を制御する機会が与えられます。 サーバーは、RemoteCertificateValidationCallback デリゲートを指定して検証を制御することもできます。 デリゲートによって参照されるメソッドには、リモート パーティの証明書と、証明書の検証中に SSPI で発生したエラーが含まれます。 サーバーでデリゲートが指定されている場合、サーバーがクライアント認証を要求したかどうかに関係なく、デリゲートのメソッドが呼び出されることに注意してください。 サーバーがクライアント認証を要求しなかった場合、サーバーのデリゲート メソッドは null 証明書と証明書エラーの空の配列を受け取ります。

サーバーでクライアント認証が必要な場合、クライアントは認証用に 1 つ以上の証明書を指定する必要があります。 クライアントに複数の証明書がある場合、クライアントは LocalCertificateSelectionCallback デリゲートを提供して、サーバーの適切な証明書を選択できます。 クライアントの証明書は、現在のユーザーの "My" 証明書ストアに配置する必要があります。 証明書を使用したクライアント認証は、Ssl2 (SSL バージョン 2) プロトコルではサポートされていません。

認証に失敗した場合は、AuthenticationExceptionを受け取り、SslStream は使用できなくなります。 ガベージ コレクターが収集できるように、このオブジェクトを閉じて、そのオブジェクトへの参照をすべて削除する必要があります。

SSL ハンドシェイクとも呼ばれる認証プロセスが成功すると、サーバー (および必要に応じてクライアント) の ID が確立され、SslStream をクライアントとサーバーが使用してメッセージを交換できます。 情報を送受信する前に、クライアントとサーバーは、選択したプロトコル、アルゴリズム、および強度が整合性と機密性の要件を満たしているかどうかを判断するために、SslStream によって提供されるセキュリティ サービスとレベルを確認する必要があります。 現在の設定が不十分な場合は、ストリームを閉じる必要があります。 IsEncrypted プロパティと IsSigned プロパティを使用して、SslStream によって提供されるセキュリティ サービスを確認できます。 次の表は、認証、暗号化、およびデータ署名に使用される暗号化設定を報告する要素を示しています。

認証が成功したら、同期 Write または非同期 BeginWrite メソッドを使用してデータを送信できます。 同期 Read または非同期 BeginRead メソッドを使用してデータを受信できます。

基になるストリームを開いたままにする必要があることを SslStream に指定した場合、そのストリームの使用が完了したら、そのストリームを閉じる必要があります。

SslStream は、内部ストリームからタイムアウトがスローされたときに、タイムアウトが他の IOException と共に、呼び出し元によって致命的として扱われることを前提としています。 タイムアウト後に SslStream インスタンスを再利用すると、ガベージ が返されます。 このような場合、アプリケーションは SslStream を Close し、例外をスローする必要があります。

.NET Framework 4.6 には、接続の安全でない暗号アルゴリズムとハッシュ アルゴリズムをブロックする新しいセキュリティ機能が含まれています。 HTTPClient、HttpWebRequest、FTPClient、SmtpClient、SslStream などの API を介して TLS/SSL を使用し、.NET Framework 4.6 を対象とするアプリケーションでは、既定でより安全な動作が得られます。

開発者は、既存の SSL3 サービスまたは TLS と RC4 サービスとの相互運用性を維持するために、この動作をオプトアウトすることができます。 この記事、新しい動作が無効になるようにコードを変更する方法について説明します。

.NET Framework 4.7 では、TLS バージョンを指定しない SslStream を認証するメソッドの新しいオーバーロードが追加されますが、代わりに、SCHANNELでシステムの既定値として定義されている TLS バージョンを使用します。 これらのメソッドをアプリで使用すると、TLS バージョンのベスト プラクティスが時間の経過と同時に変化するにつれて、アプリをリビルドして再デプロイすることなく、後で既定値を変更できます。

.NET Frameworkトランスポート層セキュリティ (TLS) のベスト プラクティスも参照してください。

コンストラクター

プロパティ

メソッド

拡張メソッド

適用対象

こちらもご覧ください

• NegotiateStream
• AuthenticatedStream
• IOException
• Stream