Chamar as funções JavaScript dos métodos .NET no ASP.NET Core Blazor

CallJs1.razor:

@page "/call-js-1"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 1</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 1</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="ConvertArray">Convert Array</button>
</p>

<p>
    @text
</p>

<p>
    Quote ©2005 <a href="https://www.uphe.com">Universal Pictures</a>: 
    <a href="https://www.uphe.com/movies/serenity-2005">Serenity</a><br>
    <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0472710/">David Krumholtz on IMDB</a>
</p>

@code {
    private MarkupString text;

    private uint[] quoteArray = 
        new uint[]
        {
            60, 101, 109, 62, 67, 97, 110, 39, 116, 32, 115, 116, 111, 112, 32,
            116, 104, 101, 32, 115, 105, 103, 110, 97, 108, 44, 32, 77, 97,
            108, 46, 60, 47, 101, 109, 62, 32, 45, 32, 77, 114, 46, 32, 85, 110,
            105, 118, 101, 114, 115, 101, 10, 10,
        };

    private async Task ConvertArray() => 
        text = new(await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("convertArray", quoteArray));
}

CallJs1.razor:

@page "/call-js-1"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 1</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 1</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="ConvertArray">Convert Array</button>
</p>

<p>
    @text
</p>

<p>
    Quote ©2005 <a href="https://www.uphe.com">Universal Pictures</a>: 
    <a href="https://www.uphe.com/movies/serenity-2005">Serenity</a><br>
    <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0472710/">David Krumholtz on IMDB</a>
</p>

@code {
    private MarkupString text;

    private uint[] quoteArray = 
        new uint[]
        {
            60, 101, 109, 62, 67, 97, 110, 39, 116, 32, 115, 116, 111, 112, 32,
            116, 104, 101, 32, 115, 105, 103, 110, 97, 108, 44, 32, 77, 97,
            108, 46, 60, 47, 101, 109, 62, 32, 45, 32, 77, 114, 46, 32, 85, 110,
            105, 118, 101, 114, 115, 101, 10, 10,
        };

    private async Task ConvertArray() => 
        text = new(await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("convertArray", quoteArray));
}

CallJsExample1.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-1"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS <code>convertArray</code> Function</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="ConvertArray">Convert Array</button>
</p>

<p>
    @text
</p>

<p>
    Quote ©2005 <a href="https://www.uphe.com">Universal Pictures</a>: 
    <a href="https://www.uphe.com/movies/serenity-2005">Serenity</a><br>
    <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0472710/">David Krumholtz on IMDB</a>
</p>

@code {
    private MarkupString text;

    private uint[] quoteArray = 
        new uint[]
        {
            60, 101, 109, 62, 67, 97, 110, 39, 116, 32, 115, 116, 111, 112, 32,
            116, 104, 101, 32, 115, 105, 103, 110, 97, 108, 44, 32, 77, 97,
            108, 46, 60, 47, 101, 109, 62, 32, 45, 32, 77, 114, 46, 32, 85, 110,
            105, 118, 101, 114, 115, 101, 10, 10,
        };

    private async Task ConvertArray()
    {
        text = new(await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("convertArray", quoteArray));
    }
}

CallJsExample1.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-1"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS <code>convertArray</code> Function</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="ConvertArray">Convert Array</button>
</p>

<p>
    @text
</p>

<p>
    Quote ©2005 <a href="https://www.uphe.com">Universal Pictures</a>: 
    <a href="https://www.uphe.com/movies/serenity-2005">Serenity</a><br>
    <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0472710/">David Krumholtz on IMDB</a>
</p>

@code {
    private MarkupString text;

    private uint[] quoteArray = 
        new uint[]
        {
            60, 101, 109, 62, 67, 97, 110, 39, 116, 32, 115, 116, 111, 112, 32,
            116, 104, 101, 32, 115, 105, 103, 110, 97, 108, 44, 32, 77, 97,
            108, 46, 60, 47, 101, 109, 62, 32, 45, 32, 77, 114, 46, 32, 85, 110,
            105, 118, 101, 114, 115, 101, 10, 10,
        };

    private async Task ConvertArray()
    {
        text = new(await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("convertArray", quoteArray));
    }
}

CallJsExample1.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-1"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS <code>convertArray</code> Function</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="ConvertArray">Convert Array</button>
</p>

<p>
    @text
</p>

<p>
    Quote ©2005 <a href="https://www.uphe.com">Universal Pictures</a>: 
    <a href="https://www.uphe.com/movies/serenity-2005">Serenity</a><br>
    <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0472710/">David Krumholtz on IMDB</a>
</p>

@code {
    private MarkupString text;

    private uint[] quoteArray = 
        new uint[]
        {
            60, 101, 109, 62, 67, 97, 110, 39, 116, 32, 115, 116, 111, 112, 32,
            116, 104, 101, 32, 115, 105, 103, 110, 97, 108, 44, 32, 77, 97,
            108, 46, 60, 47, 101, 109, 62, 32, 45, 32, 77, 114, 46, 32, 85, 110,
            105, 118, 101, 114, 115, 101, 10, 10,
        };

    private async Task ConvertArray()
    {
        text = new(await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("convertArray", quoteArray));
    }
}

CallJsExample1.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-1"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS <code>convertArray</code> Function</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="ConvertArray">Convert Array</button>
</p>

<p>
    @text
</p>

<p>
    Quote ©2005 <a href="https://www.uphe.com">Universal Pictures</a>: 
    <a href="https://www.uphe.com/movies/serenity-2005">Serenity</a><br>
    <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0472710/">David Krumholtz on IMDB</a>
</p>

@code {
    private MarkupString text;

    private uint[] quoteArray = 
        new uint[]
        {
            60, 101, 109, 62, 67, 97, 110, 39, 116, 32, 115, 116, 111, 112, 32,
            116, 104, 101, 32, 115, 105, 103, 110, 97, 108, 44, 32, 77, 97,
            108, 46, 60, 47, 101, 109, 62, 32, 45, 32, 77, 114, 46, 32, 85, 110,
            105, 118, 101, 114, 115, 101, 10, 10,
        };

    private async Task ConvertArray()
    {
        text = new MarkupString(await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("convertArray", 
            quoteArray));
    }
}

CallJs2.razor:

@page "/call-js-2"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 2</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 2</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}" +
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", stockSymbol, price);
    }
}

CallJs2.razor:

@page "/call-js-2"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 2</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 2</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}" +
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", stockSymbol, price);
    }
}

CallJsExample2.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-2"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 2</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", stockSymbol, price);
    }
}

CallJsExample2.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-2"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 2</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", stockSymbol, price);
    }
}

CallJsExample2.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-2"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 2</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private Random r = new();
    private string stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = r.Next(1, 101);
        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", stockSymbol, price);
    }
}

CallJsExample2.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-2"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 2</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol != null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private Random r = new Random();
    private string stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = r.Next(1, 101);
        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", stockSymbol, price);
    }
}

using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class JsInteropClasses1(IJSRuntime js) : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js = js;

    public async ValueTask TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price) => 
        await js.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", symbol, price);

    // Calling SuppressFinalize(this) prevents derived types that introduce 
    // a finalizer from needing to re-implement IDisposable.
    public void Dispose() => GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}

using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class JsInteropClasses1(IJSRuntime js) : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js = js;

    public async ValueTask TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price) => 
        await js.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", symbol, price);

    // Calling SuppressFinalize(this) prevents derived types that introduce 
    // a finalizer from needing to re-implement IDisposable.
    public void Dispose() => GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}

using Microsoft.JSInterop;

public class JsInteropClasses1 : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js;

    public JsInteropClasses1(IJSRuntime js)
    {
        this.js = js;
    }

    public async ValueTask TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price)
    {
        await js.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", symbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
    }
}

using Microsoft.JSInterop;

public class JsInteropClasses1 : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js;

    public JsInteropClasses1(IJSRuntime js)
    {
        this.js = js;
    }

    public async ValueTask TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price)
    {
        await js.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", symbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

public class JsInteropClasses1 : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js;

    public JsInteropClasses1(IJSRuntime js)
    {
        this.js = js;
    }

    public async ValueTask TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price)
    {
        await js.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", symbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

public class JsInteropClasses1 : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js;

    public JsInteropClasses1(IJSRuntime js)
    {
        this.js = js;
    }

    public async ValueTask TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price)
    {
        await js.InvokeVoidAsync("displayTickerAlert1", symbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
    }
}

CallJs3.razor:

@page "/call-js-3"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 3</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 3</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses1? jsClass;

    protected override void OnInitialized() => jsClass = new(JS);

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        if (jsClass is not null)
        {
            stockSymbol = 
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}" +
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
            price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
            await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJs3.razor:

@page "/call-js-3"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 3</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 3</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses1? jsClass;

    protected override void OnInitialized() => jsClass = new(JS);

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        if (jsClass is not null)
        {
            stockSymbol = 
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}" +
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
            price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
            await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJsExample3.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-3"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 3</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses1? jsClass;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        jsClass = new(JS);
    }

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        if (jsClass is not null)
        {
            stockSymbol = 
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
            price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
            await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJsExample3.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-3"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 3</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses1? jsClass;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        jsClass = new(JS);
    }

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        if (jsClass is not null)
        {
            stockSymbol = 
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
            price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
            await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJsExample3.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-3"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 3</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private Random r = new();
    private string stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses1 jsClass;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        jsClass = new(JS);
    }

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = r.Next(1, 101);
        await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJsExample3.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-3"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 3</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol != null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@code {
    private Random r = new Random();
    private string stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses1 jsClass;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        jsClass = new JsInteropClasses1(JS);
    }

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = r.Next(1, 101);
        await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJs4.razor:

@page "/call-js-4"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 4</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 4</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private string? result;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}" +
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
        var interopResult = 
            await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", stockSymbol, price);
        result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
            $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
    }
}

CallJs4.razor:

@page "/call-js-4"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 4</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 4</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private string? result;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}" +
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
        var interopResult = 
            await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", stockSymbol, price);
        result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
            $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
    }
}

CallJsExample4.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-4"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 4</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private string? result;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
        var interopResult = 
            await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", stockSymbol, price);
        result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
            $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
    }
}

CallJsExample4.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-4"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 4</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private string? result;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
        var interopResult = 
            await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", stockSymbol, price);
        result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
            $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
    }
}

CallJsExample4.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-4"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 4</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private Random r = new();
    private string stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private string result;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = r.Next(1, 101);
        var interopResult = 
            await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", stockSymbol, price);
        result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
            $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
    }
}

CallJsExample4.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-4"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 4</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol != null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result != null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private Random r = new Random();
    private string stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private string result;

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = r.Next(1, 101);
        var interopResult = 
            await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", stockSymbol, price);
        result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
            $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
    }
}

using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class JsInteropClasses2(IJSRuntime js) : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js = js;

    public async ValueTask<string> TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price) => 
        await js.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", symbol, price);

    // Calling SuppressFinalize(this) prevents derived types that introduce 
    // a finalizer from needing to re-implement IDisposable.
    public void Dispose() => GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}

using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample;

public class JsInteropClasses2(IJSRuntime js) : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js = js;

    public async ValueTask<string> TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price) => 
        await js.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", symbol, price);

    // Calling SuppressFinalize(this) prevents derived types that introduce 
    // a finalizer from needing to re-implement IDisposable.
    public void Dispose() => GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}

using Microsoft.JSInterop;

public class JsInteropClasses2 : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js;

    public JsInteropClasses2(IJSRuntime js)
    {
        this.js = js;
    }

    public async ValueTask<string> TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price)
    {
        return await js.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", symbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
    }
}

using Microsoft.JSInterop;

public class JsInteropClasses2 : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js;

    public JsInteropClasses2(IJSRuntime js)
    {
        this.js = js;
    }

    public async ValueTask<string> TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price)
    {
        return await js.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", symbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

public class JsInteropClasses2 : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js;

    public JsInteropClasses2(IJSRuntime js)
    {
        this.js = js;
    }

    public async ValueTask<string> TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price)
    {
        return await js.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", symbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
    }
}

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

public class JsInteropClasses2 : IDisposable
{
    private readonly IJSRuntime js;

    public JsInteropClasses2(IJSRuntime js)
    {
        this.js = js;
    }

    public async ValueTask<string> TickerChanged(string symbol, decimal price)
    {
        return await js.InvokeAsync<string>("displayTickerAlert2", symbol, price);
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
    }
}

CallJs5.razor:

@page "/call-js-5"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 5</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 5</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses2? jsClass;
    private string? result;

    protected override void OnInitialized() => jsClass = new(JS);

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        if (jsClass is not null)
        {
            stockSymbol = 
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}" +
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
            price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
            var interopResult = await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
            result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
                $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
        }
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJs5.razor:

@page "/call-js-5"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 5</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 5</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses2? jsClass;
    private string? result;

    protected override void OnInitialized() => jsClass = new(JS);

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        if (jsClass is not null)
        {
            stockSymbol = 
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}" +
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
            price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
            var interopResult = await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
            result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
                $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
        }
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJsExample5.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-5"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 5</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses2? jsClass;
    private string? result;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        jsClass = new(JS);
    }

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        if (jsClass is not null)
        {
            stockSymbol = 
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
            price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
            var interopResult = await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
            result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
                $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
        }
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJsExample5.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-5"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 5</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private string? stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses2? jsClass;
    private string? result;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        jsClass = new(JS);
    }

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        if (jsClass is not null)
        {
            stockSymbol = 
                $"{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + Random.Shared.Next(0, 26))}";
            price = Random.Shared.Next(1, 101);
            var interopResult = await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
            result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
                $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
        }
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJsExample5.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-5"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 5</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol is not null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result is not null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private Random r = new();
    private string stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses2 jsClass;
    private string result;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        jsClass = new(JS);
    }

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = r.Next(1, 101);
        var interopResult = await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
        result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
            $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

CallJsExample5.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-5"
@implements IDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 5</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SetStock">Set Stock</button>
</p>

@if (stockSymbol != null)
{
    <p>@stockSymbol price: @price.ToString("c")</p>
}

@if (result != null)
{
    <p>@result</p>
}

@code {
    private Random r = new Random();
    private string stockSymbol;
    private decimal price;
    private JsInteropClasses2 jsClass;
    private string result;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        jsClass = new JsInteropClasses2(JS);
    }

    private async Task SetStock()
    {
        stockSymbol = 
            $"{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}{(char)('A' + r.Next(0, 26))}";
        price = r.Next(1, 101);
        var interopResult = await jsClass.TickerChanged(stockSymbol, price);
        result = $"Result of TickerChanged call for {stockSymbol} at " +
            $"{price.ToString("c")}: {interopResult}";
    }

    public void Dispose() => jsClass?.Dispose();
}

Esta seção se aplica a aplicativos do lado do servidor que pré-renderizam componentes Razor. A pré-renderização é abordada em Pre-renderizar componentes Razor do ASP.NET Core.

Esta seção se aplica a aplicativos do lado do servidor e aplicativos Blazor WebAssembly hospedados que pré-renderizam componentes Razor. A pré-renderização é abordada em Pre-renderizar e integrar componentes do Razor ASP.NET Core.

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Prerendered Interop</PageTitle>

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

@page "/prerendered-interop"
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Prerendered Interop Example</h1>

<div @ref="divElement" style="margin-top:2000px">
    Set value via JS interop call: <strong>@scrollPosition</strong>
</div>

@code {
    private ElementReference divElement;
    private double? scrollPosition;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender && scrollPosition is null)
        {
            scrollPosition = await JS.InvokeAsync<double>(
                "scrollElementIntoView", divElement);

            StateHasChanged();
        }
    }
}

• Carregar um script na marcação de <head> (geralmente, não recomendado)
• Carregar um script na marcação de <body>
• Carregar um script de um arquivo JavaScript externo (.js) agrupado com um componente
• Carregar um script de um arquivo JavaScript externo (.js)
• Injetar um script antes ou após o início de Blazor

• Carregar um script na marcação de <head> (geralmente, não recomendado)
• Carregar um script na marcação de <body>
• Carregar um script de um arquivo JavaScript externo (.js)
• Injetar um script após o início de Blazor

Para obter informações sobre como isolar scripts nos módulos JS, confira a seção Isolamento do JavaScript nos módulos do JavaScript.

Isolamento de JavaScript em módulos JavaScript

Blazor habilita o isolamento de JavaScript (JS) em módulos JavaScript padrão (especificação ECMAScript). O carregamento do módulo JavaScript funciona da mesma maneira em Blazor que para outros tipos de aplicativos Web, e você é livre para personalizar como os módulos são definidos em seu aplicativo. Para obter um guia sobre como usar módulos JavaScript, confira Docs da Web do MDN: módulos JavaScript.

O isolamento de JS oferece os seguintes benefícios:

• O JS importado não polui mais o namespace global.
• Os consumidores de uma biblioteca e componentes não precisam importar o JS relacionado.

Há suporte para importação dinâmica com o import() operador com ASP.NET Core e Blazor:

if ({CONDITION}) import("/additionalModule.js");

No exemplo anterior, o espaço reservado {CONDITION} representa uma verificação condicional para determinar se o módulo deve ser carregado.

Para obter compatibilidade com o navegador, confira Posso usar: módulos JavaScript: importação dinâmica.

Por exemplo, o módulo JS a seguir exporta uma função JS para mostrar um prompt de janela do navegador. Coloque o código JS a seguir em um arquivo JS externo.

wwwroot/scripts.js:

export function showPrompt(message) {
  return prompt(message, 'Type anything here');
}

Adicione o módulo JS anterior a um aplicativo ou biblioteca de classes como um ativo Web estático na pasta wwwroot e importe o módulo para o código .NET chamando InvokeAsync na instância IJSRuntime.

IJSRuntime importa o módulo como um IJSObjectReference, que representa uma referência a um objeto JS no código .NET. Use o IJSObjectReference para invocar as funções JS exportadas do módulo.

CallJs6.razor:

@page "/call-js-6"
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 6</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 6</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="TriggerPrompt">Trigger browser window prompt</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

@code {
    private IJSObjectReference? module;
    private string? result;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            module = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import",
                "./scripts.js");
        }
    }

    private async Task TriggerPrompt() => result = await Prompt("Provide text");

    public async ValueTask<string?> Prompt(string message) =>
        module is not null ? 
            await module.InvokeAsync<string>("showPrompt", message) : null;

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (module is not null)
        {
            await module.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }
}

CallJs6.razor:

@page "/call-js-6"
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 6</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 6</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="TriggerPrompt">Trigger browser window prompt</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

@code {
    private IJSObjectReference? module;
    private string? result;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            module = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import",
                "./scripts.js");
        }
    }

    private async Task TriggerPrompt() => result = await Prompt("Provide text");

    public async ValueTask<string?> Prompt(string message) =>
        module is not null ? 
            await module.InvokeAsync<string>("showPrompt", message) : null;

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (module is not null)
        {
            await module.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample6.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-6"
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 6</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="TriggerPrompt">Trigger browser window prompt</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

@code {
    private IJSObjectReference? module;
    private string? result;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            module = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", 
                "./scripts.js");
        }
    }

    private async Task TriggerPrompt()
    {
        result = await Prompt("Provide some text");
    }

    public async ValueTask<string?> Prompt(string message) =>
        module is not null ? 
            await module.InvokeAsync<string>("showPrompt", message) : null;

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (module is not null)
        {
            await module.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample6.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-6"
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 6</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="TriggerPrompt">Trigger browser window prompt</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

@code {
    private IJSObjectReference? module;
    private string? result;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            module = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", 
                "./scripts.js");
        }
    }

    private async Task TriggerPrompt()
    {
        result = await Prompt("Provide some text");
    }

    public async ValueTask<string?> Prompt(string message) =>
        module is not null ? 
            await module.InvokeAsync<string>("showPrompt", message) : null;

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (module is not null)
        {
            await module.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample6.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-6"
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 6</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="TriggerPrompt">Trigger browser window prompt</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

@code {
    private IJSObjectReference module;
    private string result;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            module = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>("import", 
                "./scripts.js");
        }
    }

    private async Task TriggerPrompt()
    {
        result = await Prompt("Provide some text");
    }

    public async ValueTask<string> Prompt(string message)
    {
        return await module.InvokeAsync<string>("showPrompt", message);
    }

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (module is not null)
        {
            await module.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }
}

No exemplo anterior:

• Por convenção, o identificador import é um identificador especial usado especificamente para importar um módulo JS.
• Especifique o arquivo JS externo do módulo usando o caminho de ativo Web estático estável: ./{SCRIPT PATH AND FILE NAME (.js)}, onde:
  • O segmento de linha para o diretório atual (./) é necessário para criar o caminho de ativo estático correto para o arquivo JS.
  • O espaço reservado {SCRIPT PATH AND FILE NAME (.js)} é o caminho e o nome do arquivo em wwwroot.
• Descarta o IJSObjectReference para coleta de lixo em IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync.

A importação dinâmica de um módulo exige uma solicitação de rede. Portanto, só pode ser realizada de forma assíncrona chamando InvokeAsync.

IJSInProcessObjectReference representa uma referência a um objeto JS, cujas funções podem ser invocadas de forma síncrona em componentes do lado do cliente. Para obter mais informações, confira a seção Interoperabilidade JS síncrona em componentes do lado do cliente .

module = await js.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
    "import", "./_content/ComponentLibrary/scripts.js");

Na Blazor documentação, os exemplos usam a .js extensão de arquivo nos arquivos de módulo, não a extensão de arquivo .mjs mais recente (RFC 9239). Nossa documentação continua a usar a .js extensão de arquivo pelos mesmos motivos pelos quais a documentação da Fundação Mozilla continua a usar a .js extensão de arquivo. Para mais informações, consulte Aside — .mjs versus .js (documentação do MDN).

@inject IJSRuntime JS
@using JsInteropClasses

<input @ref="username" />

<button @onclick="OnClickMethod">Do something generic</button>

<p>
    returnValue: @returnValue
</p>

@code {
    private ElementReference username;
    private string? returnValue;

    private async Task OnClickMethod()
    {
        returnValue = await username.GenericMethod<string>(JS);
    }
}

@inject IJSRuntime JS
@using JsInteropClasses

<input @ref="username" />

<button @onclick="OnClickMethod">Do something generic</button>

<p>
    returnValue: @returnValue
</p>

@code {
    private ElementReference username;
    private string? returnValue;

    private async Task OnClickMethod()
    {
        returnValue = await username.GenericMethod<string>(JS);
    }
}

@inject IJSRuntime JS
@using JsInteropClasses

<input @ref="username" />

<button @onclick="OnClickMethod">Do something generic</button>

<p>
    returnValue: @returnValue
</p>

@code {
    private ElementReference username;
    private string returnValue;

    private async Task OnClickMethod()
    {
        returnValue = await username.GenericMethod<string>(JS);
    }
}

CallJs7.razor (componente pai):

@page "/call-js-7"

<PageTitle>Call JS 7</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 7</h1>

<h2 @ref="title">Hello, world!</h2>

Welcome to your new app.

<SurveyPrompt Parent="this" Title="How is Blazor working for you?" />

CallJs7.razor (componente pai):

@page "/call-js-7"

<PageTitle>Call JS 7</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 7</h1>

<h2 @ref="title">Hello, world!</h2>

Welcome to your new app.

<SurveyPrompt Parent="this" Title="How is Blazor working for you?" />

CallJsExample7.razor (componente pai):

@page "/call-js-example-7"

<h1>Call JS Example 7</h1>

<h2 @ref="title">Hello, world!</h2>

Welcome to your new app.

<SurveyPrompt Parent="this" Title="How is Blazor working for you?" />

CallJsExample7.razor (componente pai):

@page "/call-js-example-7"

<h1>Call JS Example 7</h1>

<h2 @ref="title">Hello, world!</h2>

Welcome to your new app.

<SurveyPrompt Parent="this" Title="How is Blazor working for you?" />

CallJsExample7.razor (componente pai):

@page "/call-js-example-7"

<h1>Call JS Example 7</h1>

<h2 @ref="title">Hello, world!</h2>

Welcome to your new app.

<SurveyPrompt Parent="this" Title="How is Blazor working for you?" />

CallJsExample7.razor (componente pai):

@page "/call-js-example-7"

<h1>Call JS Example 7</h1>

<h2 @ref="title">Hello, world!</h2>

Welcome to your new app.

<SurveyPrompt Parent="this" Title="How is Blazor working for you?" />

CallJs7.razor.cs:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample.Pages;

public partial class CallJs7 : 
    ComponentBase, IObservable<ElementReference>, IDisposable
{
    private bool disposing;
    private readonly List<IObserver<ElementReference>> subscriptions = [];
    private ElementReference title;

    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
    {
        base.OnAfterRender(firstRender);

        foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
        {
            subscription.OnNext(title);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        disposing = true;

        foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
        {
            try
            {
                subscription.OnCompleted();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
            }
        }

        subscriptions.Clear();

        // The following prevents derived types that introduce a
        // finalizer from needing to re-implement IDisposable.
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<ElementReference> observer)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Parent being disposed");
        }

        subscriptions.Add(observer);

        return new Subscription(observer, this);
    }

    private class Subscription(IObserver<ElementReference> observer,
        CallJs7 self) : IDisposable
    {
        public IObserver<ElementReference> Observer { get; } = observer;
        public CallJs7 Self { get; } = self;

        public void Dispose() => Self.subscriptions.Remove(Observer);
    }
}

CallJs7.razor.cs:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample.Pages;

public partial class CallJs7 : 
    ComponentBase, IObservable<ElementReference>, IDisposable
{
    private bool disposing;
    private readonly List<IObserver<ElementReference>> subscriptions = [];
    private ElementReference title;

    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
    {
        base.OnAfterRender(firstRender);

        foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
        {
            subscription.OnNext(title);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        disposing = true;

        foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
        {
            try
            {
                subscription.OnCompleted();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
            }
        }

        subscriptions.Clear();

        // The following prevents derived types that introduce a
        // finalizer from needing to re-implement IDisposable.
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<ElementReference> observer)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Parent being disposed");
        }

        subscriptions.Add(observer);

        return new Subscription(observer, this);
    }

    private class Subscription(IObserver<ElementReference> observer,
        CallJs7 self) : IDisposable
    {
        public IObserver<ElementReference> Observer { get; } = observer;
        public CallJs7 Self { get; } = self;

        public void Dispose() => Self.subscriptions.Remove(Observer);
    }
}

CallJsExample7.razor.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample.Pages;

public partial class CallJsExample7 : 
    ComponentBase, IObservable<ElementReference>, IDisposable
{
    private bool disposing;
    private IList<IObserver<ElementReference>> subscriptions = 
        new List<IObserver<ElementReference>>();
    private ElementReference title;

    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
    {
        base.OnAfterRender(firstRender);

        foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
        {
            subscription.OnNext(title);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        disposing = true;

        foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
        {
            try
            {
                subscription.OnCompleted();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
            }
        }

        subscriptions.Clear();
    }

    public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<ElementReference> observer)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Parent being disposed");
        }

        subscriptions.Add(observer);

        return new Subscription(observer, this);
    }

    private class Subscription : IDisposable
    {
        public Subscription(IObserver<ElementReference> observer, 
            CallJsExample7 self)
        {
            Observer = observer;
            Self = self;
        }

        public IObserver<ElementReference> Observer { get; }
        public CallJsExample7 Self { get; }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Self.subscriptions.Remove(Observer);
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample7.razor.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample.Pages;

public partial class CallJsExample7 : 
    ComponentBase, IObservable<ElementReference>, IDisposable
{
    private bool disposing;
    private IList<IObserver<ElementReference>> subscriptions = 
        new List<IObserver<ElementReference>>();
    private ElementReference title;

    protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
    {
        base.OnAfterRender(firstRender);

        foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
        {
            subscription.OnNext(title);
        }
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        disposing = true;

        foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
        {
            try
            {
                subscription.OnCompleted();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
            }
        }

        subscriptions.Clear();
    }

    public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<ElementReference> observer)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Parent being disposed");
        }

        subscriptions.Add(observer);

        return new Subscription(observer, this);
    }

    private class Subscription : IDisposable
    {
        public Subscription(IObserver<ElementReference> observer, 
            CallJsExample7 self)
        {
            Observer = observer;
            Self = self;
        }

        public IObserver<ElementReference> Observer { get; }
        public CallJsExample7 Self { get; }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Self.subscriptions.Remove(Observer);
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample7.razor.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample.Pages
{
    public partial class CallJsExample7 : 
        ComponentBase, IObservable<ElementReference>, IDisposable
    {
        private bool disposing;
        private IList<IObserver<ElementReference>> subscriptions = 
            new List<IObserver<ElementReference>>();
        private ElementReference title;

        protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
        {
            base.OnAfterRender(firstRender);

            foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
            {
                subscription.OnNext(title);
            }
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            disposing = true;

            foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
            {
                try
                {
                    subscription.OnCompleted();
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                }
            }

            subscriptions.Clear();
        }

        public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<ElementReference> observer)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Parent being disposed");
            }

            subscriptions.Add(observer);

            return new Subscription(observer, this);
        }

        private class Subscription : IDisposable
        {
            public Subscription(IObserver<ElementReference> observer, 
                CallJsExample7 self)
            {
                Observer = observer;
                Self = self;
            }

            public IObserver<ElementReference> Observer { get; }
            public CallJsExample7 Self { get; }

            public void Dispose()
            {
                Self.subscriptions.Remove(Observer);
            }
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample7.razor.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;

namespace BlazorSample.Pages
{
    public partial class CallJsExample7 : 
        ComponentBase, IObservable<ElementReference>, IDisposable
    {
        private bool disposing;
        private IList<IObserver<ElementReference>> subscriptions = 
            new List<IObserver<ElementReference>>();
        private ElementReference title;

        protected override void OnAfterRender(bool firstRender)
        {
            base.OnAfterRender(firstRender);

            foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
            {
                subscription.OnNext(title);
            }
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            disposing = true;

            foreach (var subscription in subscriptions)
            {
                try
                {
                    subscription.OnCompleted();
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                }
            }

            subscriptions.Clear();
        }

        public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<ElementReference> observer)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Parent being disposed");
            }

            subscriptions.Add(observer);

            return new Subscription(observer, this);
        }

        private class Subscription : IDisposable
        {
            public Subscription(IObserver<ElementReference> observer, 
                CallJsExample7 self)
            {
                Observer = observer;
                Self = self;
            }

            public IObserver<ElementReference> Observer { get; }
            public CallJsExample7 Self { get; }

            public void Dispose()
            {
                Self.subscriptions.Remove(Observer);
            }
        }
    }
}

<div class="alert alert-secondary mt-4">
    <span class="oi oi-pencil me-2" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    <strong>@Title</strong>

    <span class="text-nowrap">
        Please take our
        <a target="_blank" class="font-weight-bold link-dark" href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2186158">brief survey</a>
    </span>
    and tell us what you think.
</div>

@code {
    // Demonstrates how a parent component can supply parameters
    [Parameter]
    public string? Title { get; set; }
}

<div class="alert alert-secondary mt-4">
    <span class="oi oi-pencil me-2" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    <strong>@Title</strong>

    <span class="text-nowrap">
        Please take our
        <a target="_blank" class="font-weight-bold link-dark" href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2186158">brief survey</a>
    </span>
    and tell us what you think.
</div>

@code {
    // Demonstrates how a parent component can supply parameters
    [Parameter]
    public string? Title { get; set; }
}

<div class="alert alert-secondary mt-4">
    <span class="oi oi-pencil me-2" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    <strong>@Title</strong>

    <span class="text-nowrap">
        Please take our
        <a target="_blank" class="font-weight-bold link-dark" href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2186157">brief survey</a>
    </span>
    and tell us what you think.
</div>

@code {
    // Demonstrates how a parent component can supply parameters
    [Parameter]
    public string? Title { get; set; }
}

<div class="alert alert-secondary mt-4" role="alert">
    <span class="oi oi-pencil mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    <strong>@Title</strong>

    <span class="text-nowrap">
        Please take our
        <a target="_blank" class="font-weight-bold" 
            href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2109206">brief survey</a>
    </span>
    and tell us what you think.
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public string? Title { get; set; }
}

<div class="alert alert-secondary mt-4" role="alert">
    <span class="oi oi-pencil mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    <strong>@Title</strong>

    <span class="text-nowrap">
        Please take our
        <a target="_blank" class="font-weight-bold" 
            href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2109206">brief survey</a>
    </span>
    and tell us what you think.
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public string Title { get; set; }
}

<div class="alert alert-secondary mt-4" role="alert">
    <span class="oi oi-pencil mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    <strong>@Title</strong>

    <span class="text-nowrap">
        Please take our
        <a target="_blank" class="font-weight-bold" 
            href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2109206">brief survey</a>
    </span>
    and tell us what you think.
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public string Title { get; set; }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample.Components;

public partial class SurveyPrompt : 
    ComponentBase, IObserver<ElementReference>, IDisposable
{
    private IDisposable? subscription = null;

    [Parameter]
    public IObservable<ElementReference>? Parent { get; set; }

    [Inject]
    public IJSRuntime? JS {get; set;}

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        base.OnParametersSet();

        subscription?.Dispose();
        subscription = Parent?.Subscribe(this);
    }

    public void OnCompleted() => subscription = null;

    public void OnError(Exception error) => subscription = null;

    public void OnNext(ElementReference value) =>
        _ = (JS?.InvokeAsync<object>("setElementClass", [value, "red"]));

    public void Dispose()
    {
        subscription?.Dispose();

        // The following prevents derived types that introduce a
        // finalizer from needing to re-implement IDisposable.
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }
}

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample.Components;

public partial class SurveyPrompt : 
    ComponentBase, IObserver<ElementReference>, IDisposable
{
    private IDisposable? subscription = null;

    [Parameter]
    public IObservable<ElementReference>? Parent { get; set; }

    [Inject]
    public IJSRuntime? JS {get; set;}

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        base.OnParametersSet();

        subscription?.Dispose();
        subscription = Parent?.Subscribe(this);
    }

    public void OnCompleted() => subscription = null;

    public void OnError(Exception error) => subscription = null;

    public void OnNext(ElementReference value) =>
        _ = (JS?.InvokeAsync<object>("setElementClass", [value, "red"]));

    public void Dispose()
    {
        subscription?.Dispose();

        // The following prevents derived types that introduce a
        // finalizer from needing to re-implement IDisposable.
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }
}

using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample.Shared;

public partial class SurveyPrompt : 
    ComponentBase, IObserver<ElementReference>, IDisposable
{
    private IDisposable? subscription = null;

    [Parameter]
    public IObservable<ElementReference>? Parent { get; set; }

    [Inject]
    public IJSRuntime? JS {get; set;}

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        base.OnParametersSet();

        subscription?.Dispose();
        subscription = 
            Parent is not null ? Parent.Subscribe(this) : null;
    }

    public void OnCompleted()
    {
        subscription = null;
    }

    public void OnError(Exception error)
    {
        subscription = null;
    }

    public void OnNext(ElementReference value)
    {
        JS.InvokeAsync<object>(
            "setElementClass", new object[] { value, "red" });
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        subscription?.Dispose();
    }
}

using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample.Shared;

public partial class SurveyPrompt : 
    ComponentBase, IObserver<ElementReference>, IDisposable
{
    private IDisposable? subscription = null;

    [Parameter]
    public IObservable<ElementReference>? Parent { get; set; }

    [Inject]
    public IJSRuntime? JS {get; set;}

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        base.OnParametersSet();

        subscription?.Dispose();
        subscription = 
            Parent is not null ? Parent.Subscribe(this) : null;
    }

    public void OnCompleted()
    {
        subscription = null;
    }

    public void OnError(Exception error)
    {
        subscription = null;
    }

    public void OnNext(ElementReference value)
    {
        JS.InvokeAsync<object>(
            "setElementClass", new object[] { value, "red" });
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        subscription?.Dispose();
    }
}

using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample.Shared
{
    public partial class SurveyPrompt : 
        ComponentBase, IObserver<ElementReference>, IDisposable
    {
        private IDisposable subscription = null;

        [Parameter]
        public IObservable<ElementReference> Parent { get; set; }

        [Inject]
        public IJSRuntime JS {get; set;}

        protected override void OnParametersSet()
        {
            base.OnParametersSet();

            subscription?.Dispose();
            subscription = Parent.Subscribe(this);
        }

        public void OnCompleted()
        {
            subscription = null;
        }

        public void OnError(Exception error)
        {
            subscription = null;
        }

        public void OnNext(ElementReference value)
        {
            JS.InvokeAsync<object>(
                "setElementClass", new object[] { value, "red" });
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            subscription?.Dispose();
        }
    }
}

using System;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
using Microsoft.JSInterop;

namespace BlazorSample.Shared
{
    public partial class SurveyPrompt : 
        ComponentBase, IObserver<ElementReference>, IDisposable
    {
        private IDisposable subscription = null;

        [Parameter]
        public IObservable<ElementReference> Parent { get; set; }

        [Inject]
        public IJSRuntime JS {get; set;}

        protected override void OnParametersSet()
        {
            base.OnParametersSet();

            subscription?.Dispose();
            subscription = Parent.Subscribe(this);
        }

        public void OnCompleted()
        {
            subscription = null;
        }

        public void OnError(Exception error)
        {
            subscription = null;
        }

        public void OnNext(ElementReference value)
        {
            JS.InvokeAsync<object>(
                "setElementClass", new object[] { value, "red" });
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            subscription?.Dispose();
        }
    }
}

Defina um tempo limite global no Program.cs com CircuitOptions.JSInteropDefaultCallTimeout:

builder.Services.AddRazorComponents()
    .AddInteractiveServerComponents(options => 
        options.JSInteropDefaultCallTimeout = {TIMEOUT});

builder.Services.AddServerSideBlazor(
    options => options.JSInteropDefaultCallTimeout = {TIMEOUT});

Defina um tempo limite global no método Startup.ConfigureServices do Startup.cs com CircuitOptions.JSInteropDefaultCallTimeout:

services.AddServerSideBlazor(
    options => options.JSInteropDefaultCallTimeout = {TIMEOUT});

Bibliotecas JavaScript que renderizam a interface do usuário

Às vezes, você pode querer usar bibliotecas JavaScript (JS) que produzem elementos visíveis da interface do usuário no DOM do navegador. À primeira vista, isso pode parecer difícil porque o sistema de comparação do Blazor depende de ter controle sobre a árvore de elementos do DOM e incorre em erros se algum código externo alterar a árvore de DOM e invalidar o mecanismo de aplicação de comparações. Essa não é uma limitação específica do Blazor. O mesmo desafio ocorre com qualquer estrutura de interface do usuário baseada em comparação.

Felizmente, é simples inserir a interface do usuário gerada externamente em uma interface do usuário do componente Razor de forma confiável. A técnica recomendada é fazer com que o código do componente (arquivo .razor) produza um elemento vazio. No que diz respeito ao sistema de comparação do Blazor, o elemento está sempre vazio. Portanto, o renderizador não considera o elemento. Isso faz com que seja seguro preencher o elemento com o conteúdo arbitrário gerenciado externamente.

O exemplo a seguir demonstra o conceito. Na instrução if, quando firstRender é true, interaja com unmanagedElement fora do Blazor usando a interoperabilidade JS. Por exemplo, chame uma biblioteca JS externa para preencher o elemento. Blazor ignora o elemento até que esse componente seja removido. Quando o componente é removido, toda a subárvore de DOM do componente também é removida.

<h1>Hello! This is a Razor component rendered at @DateTime.Now</h1>

<div @ref="unmanagedElement"></div>

@code {
    private ElementReference unmanagedElement;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            ...
        }
    }
}

Considere o exemplo a seguir que renderiza um mapa interativo usando APIs do Mapbox de software livre.

O módulo JS a seguir é colocado no aplicativo ou disponibilizado em uma biblioteca de classes Razor.

wwwroot/mapComponent.js:

import 'https://api.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/v1.12.0/mapbox-gl.js';

mapboxgl.accessToken = '{ACCESS TOKEN}';

export function addMapToElement(element) {
  return new mapboxgl.Map({
    container: element,
    style: 'mapbox://styles/mapbox/streets-v11',
    center: [-74.5, 40],
    zoom: 9
  });
}

export function setMapCenter(map, latitude, longitude) {
  map.setCenter([longitude, latitude]);
}

Para produzir o estilo correto, adicione a seguinte marca de folha de estilos à página HTML do host.

Adicione o elemento <link> a seguir à marcação do elemento <head> (local do conteúdo <head>):

<link href="https://api.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/v1.12.0/mapbox-gl.css" 
    rel="stylesheet" />

CallJs8.razor:

@page "/call-js-8"
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 8</PageTitle>

<HeadContent>
    <link href="https://api.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/v1.12.0/mapbox-gl.css" 
        rel="stylesheet" />
</HeadContent>

<h1>Call JS Example 8</h1>

<div @ref="mapElement" style='width:400px;height:300px'></div>

<button @onclick="() => ShowAsync(51.454514, -2.587910)">Show Bristol, UK</button>
<button @onclick="() => ShowAsync(35.6762, 139.6503)">Show Tokyo, Japan</button>

@code
{
    private ElementReference mapElement;
    private IJSObjectReference? mapModule;
    private IJSObjectReference? mapInstance;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            mapModule = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
                "import", "./mapComponent.js");
            mapInstance = await mapModule.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
                "addMapToElement", mapElement);
        }
    }

    private async Task ShowAsync(double latitude, double longitude)
    {
        if (mapModule is not null && mapInstance is not null)
        {
            await mapModule.InvokeVoidAsync("setMapCenter", mapInstance, 
                latitude, longitude);
        }
    }

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (mapInstance is not null)
        {
            await mapInstance.DisposeAsync();
        }

        if (mapModule is not null)
        {
            await mapModule.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }
}

CallJs8.razor:

@page "/call-js-8"
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 8</PageTitle>

<HeadContent>
    <link href="https://api.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-js/v1.12.0/mapbox-gl.css" 
        rel="stylesheet" />
</HeadContent>

<h1>Call JS Example 8</h1>

<div @ref="mapElement" style='width:400px;height:300px'></div>

<button @onclick="() => ShowAsync(51.454514, -2.587910)">Show Bristol, UK</button>
<button @onclick="() => ShowAsync(35.6762, 139.6503)">Show Tokyo, Japan</button>

@code
{
    private ElementReference mapElement;
    private IJSObjectReference? mapModule;
    private IJSObjectReference? mapInstance;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            mapModule = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
                "import", "./mapComponent.js");
            mapInstance = await mapModule.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
                "addMapToElement", mapElement);
        }
    }

    private async Task ShowAsync(double latitude, double longitude)
    {
        if (mapModule is not null && mapInstance is not null)
        {
            await mapModule.InvokeVoidAsync("setMapCenter", mapInstance, 
                latitude, longitude);
        }
    }

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (mapInstance is not null)
        {
            await mapInstance.DisposeAsync();
        }

        if (mapModule is not null)
        {
            await mapModule.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample8.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-8"
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 8</h1>

<div @ref="mapElement" style='width:400px;height:300px'></div>

<button @onclick="() => ShowAsync(51.454514, -2.587910)">Show Bristol, UK</button>
<button @onclick="() => ShowAsync(35.6762, 139.6503)">Show Tokyo, Japan</button>

@code
{
    private ElementReference mapElement;
    private IJSObjectReference? mapModule;
    private IJSObjectReference? mapInstance;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            mapModule = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
                "import", "./mapComponent.js");
            mapInstance = await mapModule.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
                "addMapToElement", mapElement);
        }
    }

    private async Task ShowAsync(double latitude, double longitude)
    {
        if (mapModule is not null && mapInstance is not null)
        {
            await mapModule.InvokeVoidAsync("setMapCenter", mapInstance, 
                latitude, longitude);
        }
    }

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (mapInstance is not null)
        {
            await mapInstance.DisposeAsync();
        }

        if (mapModule is not null)
        {
            await mapModule.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample8.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-8"
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 8</h1>

<div @ref="mapElement" style='width:400px;height:300px'></div>

<button @onclick="() => ShowAsync(51.454514, -2.587910)">Show Bristol, UK</button>
<button @onclick="() => ShowAsync(35.6762, 139.6503)">Show Tokyo, Japan</button>

@code
{
    private ElementReference mapElement;
    private IJSObjectReference? mapModule;
    private IJSObjectReference? mapInstance;

    protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
    {
        if (firstRender)
        {
            mapModule = await JS.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
                "import", "./mapComponent.js");
            mapInstance = await mapModule.InvokeAsync<IJSObjectReference>(
                "addMapToElement", mapElement);
        }
    }

    private async Task ShowAsync(double latitude, double longitude)
    {
        if (mapModule is not null && mapInstance is not null)
        {
            await mapModule.InvokeVoidAsync("setMapCenter", mapInstance, 
                latitude, longitude);
        }
    }

    async ValueTask IAsyncDisposable.DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (mapInstance is not null)
        {
            await mapInstance.DisposeAsync();
        }

        if (mapModule is not null)
        {
            await mapModule.DisposeAsync();
        }
    }
}

O exemplo anterior produz uma interface do usuário de mapa interativo. O usuário:

• Pode arrastar para rolar ou ampliar a página.
• Selecionar botões para ir para locais predefinidos.

No exemplo anterior:

• O <div> com @ref="mapElement" é deixado vazio no que diz respeito ao Blazor. O script mapbox-gl.js pode preencher com segurança o elemento e modificar seu conteúdo. Use essa técnica com qualquer biblioteca JS que renderize a interface do usuário. Você pode inserir componentes de uma estrutura de SPA JS de terceiros dentro dos componentes Razor, desde que eles não tentem acessar e modificar outras partes da página. Não é seguro para o código JS externo modificar elementos que o Blazor não considere vazios.
• Ao usar essa abordagem, tenha em mente as regras sobre como Blazor retém ou destrói elementos de DOM. O componente manipula com segurança os eventos de clique de botão e atualiza a instância de mapa existente, pois os elementos de DOM são mantidos sempre que possível. Se você estava renderizando uma lista de elementos de mapa de dentro de um loop @foreach, convém usar @key para garantir a preservação das instâncias de componente. Caso contrário, as alterações nos dados da lista podem fazer com que as instâncias de componente mantenham o estado das instâncias anteriores de maneira indesejável. Para obter mais informações, consulte como usar o @key atributo de diretiva para preservar a relação entre elementos, componentes e objetos de modelo.
• O exemplo encapsula a lógica JS e as dependências em um módulo JavaScript e carrega o módulo dinamicamente usando o identificador import. Para obter mais informações, confira Isolamento do JavaScript nos módulos JavaScript.

Suporte à matriz de bytes

Blazor dá suporte à interoperabilidade do JavaScript (JS) da matriz de bytes otimizada que evita codificar/decodificar matrizes de bytes em Base64. O exemplo a seguir usa a interoperabilidade do JS para passar uma matriz de bytes para o JavaScript.

Forneça uma função receiveByteArrayJS. A função é chamada com InvokeVoidAsync e não retorna um valor:

<script>
  window.receiveByteArray = (bytes) => {
    let utf8decoder = new TextDecoder();
    let str = utf8decoder.decode(bytes);
    return str;
  };
</script>

CallJs9.razor:

@page "/call-js-9"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 9</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SendByteArray">Send Bytes</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

<p>
    Quote &copy;2005 <a href="https://www.uphe.com">Universal Pictures</a>:
    <a href="https://www.uphe.com/movies/serenity-2005">Serenity</a><br>
    <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0821612/">Jewel Staite on IMDB</a>
</p>

@code {
    private string? result;

    private async Task SendByteArray()
    {
        var bytes = new byte[] { 0x45, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x79, 0x74, 0x68, 0x69,
            0x6e, 0x67, 0x27, 0x73, 0x20, 0x73, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x2c,
            0x20, 0x43, 0x61, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x4e,
            0x6f, 0x74, 0x20, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x66, 0x72, 0x65, 0x74, 0x2e };

        result = await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("receiveByteArray", bytes);
    }
}

CallJsExample9.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-9"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 9</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="SendByteArray">Send Bytes</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

<p>
    Quote &copy;2005 <a href="https://www.uphe.com">Universal Pictures</a>:
    <a href="https://www.uphe.com/movies/serenity-2005">Serenity</a><br>
    <a href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0821612/">Jewel Staite on IMDB</a>
</p>

@code {
    private string? result;

    private async Task SendByteArray()
    {
        var bytes = new byte[] { 0x45, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x79, 0x74, 0x68, 0x69,
            0x6e, 0x67, 0x27, 0x73, 0x20, 0x73, 0x68, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x2c,
            0x20, 0x43, 0x61, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x4e,
            0x6f, 0x74, 0x20, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x66, 0x72, 0x65, 0x74, 0x2e };

        result = await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("receiveByteArray", bytes);
    }
}

Para obter informações sobre como usar uma matriz de bytes ao chamar o .NET a partir do JavaScript, confira Chamar métodos do .NET a partir das funções do JavaScript no Blazor do ASP.NET Core.

Transmitir do .NET para o JavaScript

Blazor dá suporte a streaming de dados diretamente do .NET para JavaScript (JS). Os fluxos são criados usando um DotNetStreamReference.

DotNetStreamReference representa um fluxo do .NET e usa os seguintes parâmetros:

• stream: o fluxo enviado para JS.
• leaveOpen: determina se o fluxo foi deixado aberto após a transmissão. Se um valor não for fornecido, leaveOpen usa false como padrão.

Em JS, use um buffer de matriz ou um fluxo legível para receber os dados:

• Usando um ArrayBuffer:

  async function streamToJavaScript(streamRef) {
    const data = await streamRef.arrayBuffer();
  }
  

• Usando um ReadableStream:

  async function streamToJavaScript(streamRef) {
    const stream = await streamRef.stream();
  }
  

No código C#:

var streamRef = new DotNetStreamReference(stream: {STREAM}, leaveOpen: false);
await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("streamToJavaScript", streamRef);

No exemplo anterior:

• O espaço reservado {STREAM} representa o Stream enviado para JS.
• JS é uma instância injetada IJSRuntime.

Descartar uma instância DotNetStreamReference geralmente é desnecessário. Quando leaveOpen é definido como o seu valor padrão de false, o Stream subjacente é descartado automaticamente após a transmissão para JS.

Se leaveOpen for true, a eliminação de um DotNetStreamReference não descarta seu Stream subjacente. O código do aplicativo determina quando descartar o Stream subjacente. Ao decidir como descartar o Stream subjacente, considere o seguinte:

• Descartar um Stream enquanto ele está sendo transmitido para JS é considerado um erro de aplicativo e pode causar uma exceção sem tratamento.
• A transmissão Stream começa assim que o argumento DotNetStreamReference é passado como um argumento para uma chamada de interoperabilidade JS, independentemente de o fluxo ser realmente usado na lógica JS.

Dadas essas características, recomendamos descartar o Stream subjacente somente depois que ele for totalmente consumido por JS (a promessa retornada por arrayBuffer ou stream for resolvida). Além disso, um DotNetStreamReference só deve ser passado para JS se ele vai ser incondicionalmente consumido pela lógica JS.

Chamar os métodos do .NET a partir do JavaScript no Blazor do ASP.NET Core abrange a operação inversa, transmitindo do JavaScript para o .NET.

A seção Downloads de arquivos Blazor ASP.NET Core abrange como baixar um arquivo em Blazor.

CallJs11.razor:

@page "/call-js-11"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 11</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 11</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="CatchUndefinedJSFunction">Catch Exception</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

<p>
    @errorMessage
</p>

@code {
    private string? errorMessage;
    private string? result;

    private async Task CatchUndefinedJSFunction()
    {
        try
        {
            result = await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("nonFunction");
        }
        catch (JSException e)
        {
            errorMessage = $"Error Message: {e.Message}";
        }
    }
}

CallJs11.razor:

@page "/call-js-11"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<PageTitle>Call JS 11</PageTitle>

<h1>Call JS Example 11</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="CatchUndefinedJSFunction">Catch Exception</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

<p>
    @errorMessage
</p>

@code {
    private string? errorMessage;
    private string? result;

    private async Task CatchUndefinedJSFunction()
    {
        try
        {
            result = await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("nonFunction");
        }
        catch (JSException e)
        {
            errorMessage = $"Error Message: {e.Message}";
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample11.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-11"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 11</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="CatchUndefinedJSFunction">Catch Exception</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

<p>
    @errorMessage
</p>

@code {
    private string? errorMessage;
    private string? result;

    private async Task CatchUndefinedJSFunction()
    {
        try
        {
            result = await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("nonFunction");
        }
        catch (JSException e)
        {
            errorMessage = $"Error Message: {e.Message}";
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample11.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-11"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 11</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="CatchUndefinedJSFunction">Catch Exception</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

<p>
    @errorMessage
</p>

@code {
    private string? errorMessage;
    private string? result;

    private async Task CatchUndefinedJSFunction()
    {
        try
        {
            result = await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("nonFunction");
        }
        catch (JSException e)
        {
            errorMessage = $"Error Message: {e.Message}";
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample11.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-11"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 11</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="CatchUndefinedJSFunction">Catch Exception</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

<p>
    @errorMessage
</p>

@code {
    private string errorMessage;
    private string result;

    private async Task CatchUndefinedJSFunction()
    {
        try
        {
            result = await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("nonFunction");
        }
        catch (JSException e)
        {
            errorMessage = $"Error Message: {e.Message}";
        }
    }
}

CallJsExample11.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-11"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 11</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="CatchUndefinedJSFunction">Catch Exception</button>
</p>

<p>
    @result
</p>

<p>
    @errorMessage
</p>

@code {
    private string errorMessage;
    private string result;

    private async Task CatchUndefinedJSFunction()
    {
        try
        {
            result = await JS.InvokeAsync<string>("nonFunction");
        }
        catch (JSException e)
        {
            errorMessage = $"Error Message: {e.Message}";
        }
    }
}

Anular uma função JavaScript de execução prolongada

Use um JSAbortController com um CancellationTokenSource no componente para anular uma função JavaScript de execução prolongada no código C#.

A classe JSHelpers a seguir contém uma função de execução prolongada simulada, longRunningFn, para contar continuamente até que o AbortController.signal indique que AbortController.abort foi chamado. A função sleep é para fins de demonstração para simular a execução lenta da função de execução prolongada e não estaria presente no código de produção. Quando um componente chama stopFn, o longRunningFn é sinalizado para anular por meio da verificação condicional de loop while em AbortSignal.aborted.

<script>
  class Helpers {
    static #controller = new AbortController();

    static async #sleep(ms) {
      return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
    }

    static async longRunningFn() {
      var i = 0;
      while (!this.#controller.signal.aborted) {
        i++;
        console.log(`longRunningFn: ${i}`);
        await this.#sleep(1000);
      }
    }

    static stopFn() {
      this.#controller.abort();
      console.log('longRunningFn aborted!');
    }
  }

  window.Helpers = Helpers;
</script>

O seguinte componente :

• Invoca a JS função longRunningFn quando o botão Start Task é selecionado. Um CancellationTokenSource é usado para gerenciar a execução da função de execução prolongada. CancellationToken.Register define um delegado de chamada de interoperabilidade JS para executar a JS função stopFn quando o CancellationTokenSource.Token é cancelado.
• Quando o botão Cancel Task é selecionado, o CancellationTokenSource.Token é cancelado com uma chamada para Cancel.
• O CancellationTokenSource é descartado no método Dispose.

CallJs12.razor:

@page "/call-js-12"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Cancel long-running JS interop</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="StartTask">Start Task</button>
    <button @onclick="CancelTask">Cancel Task</button>
</p>

@code {
    private CancellationTokenSource? cts;

    private async Task StartTask()
    {
        cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
        cts.Token.Register(() => JS.InvokeVoidAsync("Helpers.stopFn"));

        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("Helpers.longRunningFn");
    }

    private void CancelTask()
    {
        cts?.Cancel();
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        cts?.Cancel();
        cts?.Dispose();
    }
}

CallJsExample12.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-12"
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Cancel long-running JS interop</h1>

<p>
    <button @onclick="StartTask">Start Task</button>
    <button @onclick="CancelTask">Cancel Task</button>
</p>

@code {
    private CancellationTokenSource? cts;

    private async Task StartTask()
    {
        cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
        cts.Token.Register(() => JS.InvokeVoidAsync("Helpers.stopFn"));

        await JS.InvokeVoidAsync("Helpers.longRunningFn");
    }

    private void CancelTask()
    {
        cts?.Cancel();
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        cts?.Cancel();
        cts?.Dispose();
    }
}

O console das ferramentas de desenvolvedor de um navegador indica a execução da função JS de execução prolongada, após a seleção do botão Start Task e quando a função é anulada após a seleção do botão Cancel Task:

longRunningFn: 1
longRunningFn: 2
longRunningFn: 3
longRunningFn aborted!

Interoperabilidade [JSImport]/[JSExport] JavaScript

Esta seção se aplica a componentes do lado do cliente.

Como alternativa à interação com o JavaScript (JS) em componentes do lado do cliente que usam o mecanismo de interoperabilidade JS de Blazor com base na interface IJSRuntime, uma API de interoperabilidade JS[JSImport]/[JSExport] está disponível para aplicativos direcionados ao .NET 7 ou posterior.

Para obter mais informações, consulte Interoperabilidade de JSImport/JSExport de JavaScript com o ASP.NET Core Blazor.

Interoperabilidade JavaScript com unmarshaling

Esta seção se aplica a componentes do lado do cliente.

A interoperabilidade com unmarshaling usando a interface IJSUnmarshalledRuntime é obsoleta e deve ser substituída pela interoperabilidade [JSImport]/[JSExport] JavaScript.

Para obter mais informações, consulte Interoperabilidade de JSImport/JSExport de JavaScript com o ASP.NET Core Blazor.

Interoperabilidade JavaScript com unmarshaling

Os componentes Blazor WebAssembly podem apresentar um desempenho insatisfatório quando objetos do .NET são serializados para interoperabilidade JavaScript (JS) e qualquer uma das seguintes condições é verdadeira:

• Um alto volume de objetos do .NET é serializado rapidamente. Por exemplo, um desempenho insatisfatório pode ocorrer quando chamadas de interoperabilidade JS são feitas com base na movimentação de um dispositivo de entrada, como girar o botão de rolagem do mouse.
• Objetos grandes do .NET ou muitos objetos do .NET devem ser serializados para interoperabilidade JS. Por exemplo, um desempenho insatisfatório pode ocorrer quando chamadas de interoperabilidade JS exigem a serialização de dezenas de arquivos.

IJSUnmarshalledObjectReference representa uma referência a um objeto JS cujas funções podem ser invocadas sem a sobrecarga de serialização de dados do .NET.

No exemplo a seguir:

• Um struct que contém uma cadeia de caracteres e um inteiro é passado não serializado para JS.
• As funções JS processam os dados e retornam um booliano ou uma cadeia de caracteres para o chamador.
• Uma cadeia de caracteres JS não pode ser convertida diretamente em um objeto string do .NET. A função unmarshalledFunctionReturnString chama BINDING.js_string_to_mono_string para gerenciar a conversão de uma cadeia de caracteres JS.

<script>
  window.returnObjectReference = () => {
    return {
      unmarshalledFunctionReturnBoolean: function (fields) {
        const name = Blazor.platform.readStringField(fields, 0);
        const year = Blazor.platform.readInt32Field(fields, 8);

        return name === "Brigadier Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart" &&
            year === 1968;
      },
      unmarshalledFunctionReturnString: function (fields) {
        const name = Blazor.platform.readStringField(fields, 0);
        const year = Blazor.platform.readInt32Field(fields, 8);

        return BINDING.js_string_to_mono_string(`Hello, ${name} (${year})!`);
      }
    };
  }
</script>

CallJsExample10.razor:

@page "/call-js-example-10"
@using System.Runtime.InteropServices
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 10</h1>

@if (callResultForBoolean)
{
    <p>JS interop was successful!</p>
}

@if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(callResultForString))
{
    <p>@callResultForString</p>
}

<p>
    <button @onclick="CallJSUnmarshalledForBoolean">
        Call Unmarshalled JS & Return Boolean
    </button>
    <button @onclick="CallJSUnmarshalledForString">
        Call Unmarshalled JS & Return String
    </button>
</p>

<p>
    <a href="https://www.doctorwho.tv">Doctor Who</a>
    is a registered trademark of the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/">BBC</a>.
</p>

@code {
    private bool callResultForBoolean;
    private string? callResultForString;

    private void CallJSUnmarshalledForBoolean()
    {
        var unmarshalledRuntime = (IJSUnmarshalledRuntime)JS;

        var jsUnmarshalledReference = unmarshalledRuntime
            .InvokeUnmarshalled<IJSUnmarshalledObjectReference>(
                "returnObjectReference");

        callResultForBoolean = 
            jsUnmarshalledReference.InvokeUnmarshalled<InteropStruct, bool>(
                "unmarshalledFunctionReturnBoolean", GetStruct());
    }

    private void CallJSUnmarshalledForString()
    {
        var unmarshalledRuntime = (IJSUnmarshalledRuntime)JS;

        var jsUnmarshalledReference = unmarshalledRuntime
            .InvokeUnmarshalled<IJSUnmarshalledObjectReference>(
                "returnObjectReference");

        callResultForString = 
            jsUnmarshalledReference.InvokeUnmarshalled<InteropStruct, string>(
                "unmarshalledFunctionReturnString", GetStruct());
    }

    private InteropStruct GetStruct()
    {
        return new InteropStruct
        {
            Name = "Brigadier Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart",
            Year = 1968,
        };
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    public struct InteropStruct
    {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public string Name;

        [FieldOffset(8)]
        public int Year;
    }
}

@page "/call-js-example-10"
@using System.Runtime.InteropServices
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@inject IJSRuntime JS

<h1>Call JS Example 10</h1>

@if (callResultForBoolean)
{
    <p>JS interop was successful!</p>
}

@if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(callResultForString))
{
    <p>@callResultForString</p>
}

<p>
    <button @onclick="CallJSUnmarshalledForBoolean">
        Call Unmarshalled JS & Return Boolean
    </button>
    <button @onclick="CallJSUnmarshalledForString">
        Call Unmarshalled JS & Return String
    </button>
</p>

<p>
    <a href="https://www.doctorwho.tv">Doctor Who</a>
    is a registered trademark of the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/">BBC</a>.
</p>

@code {
    private bool callResultForBoolean;
    private string callResultForString;

    private void CallJSUnmarshalledForBoolean()
    {
        var unmarshalledRuntime = (IJSUnmarshalledRuntime)JS;

        var jsUnmarshalledReference = unmarshalledRuntime
            .InvokeUnmarshalled<IJSUnmarshalledObjectReference>(
                "returnObjectReference");

        callResultForBoolean = 
            jsUnmarshalledReference.InvokeUnmarshalled<InteropStruct, bool>(
                "unmarshalledFunctionReturnBoolean", GetStruct());
    }

    private void CallJSUnmarshalledForString()
    {
        var unmarshalledRuntime = (IJSUnmarshalledRuntime)JS;

        var jsUnmarshalledReference = unmarshalledRuntime
            .InvokeUnmarshalled<IJSUnmarshalledObjectReference>(
                "returnObjectReference");

        callResultForString = 
            jsUnmarshalledReference.InvokeUnmarshalled<InteropStruct, string>(
                "unmarshalledFunctionReturnString", GetStruct());
    }

    private InteropStruct GetStruct()
    {
        return new InteropStruct
        {
            Name = "Brigadier Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart",
            Year = 1968,
        };
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    public struct InteropStruct
    {
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public string Name;

        [FieldOffset(8)]
        public int Year;
    }
}

Se uma instância IJSUnmarshalledObjectReference não for descartada no código C#, ela poderá ser descartada em JS. A função dispose a seguir descarta a referência de objeto quando chamada a partir de JS:

window.exampleJSObjectReferenceNotDisposedInCSharp = () => {
  return {
    dispose: function () {
      DotNet.disposeJSObjectReference(this);
    },

    ...
  };
}

Os tipos de matriz podem ser convertidos de objetos JS em objetos do .NET usando js_typed_array_to_array, mas a matriz JS deve ser uma matriz com tipo. As matrizes de JS podem ser lidas no código C# como uma matriz de objetos do .NET (object[]).

Outros tipos de dados, como matrizes de cadeia de caracteres, podem ser convertidos, mas exigem a criação de um novo objeto de matriz Mono (mono_obj_array_new) e a definição de seu valor (mono_obj_array_set).